# June Sutor > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/June_Sutor > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/June_Sutor.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Sutor > Source revision: 1349569920 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|New Zealand crystallographer (1927–1990)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} {{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2019}} {{Infobox scientist | honorific_prefix = | name = June Sutor | honorific_suffix = | image = June_Sutor_died_1990.png | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Dorothy June Sutor | birth_date = {{Birth date|1929|06|06|df=y}} | birth_place = [Auckland](/source/Auckland), New Zealand | death_date = {{Death date and age|1990|05|27|1929|06|06|df=y}} | death_place = [London](/source/London), England | fields = [Crystallography](/source/Crystallography) | workplaces = [Birkbeck College](/source/Birkbeck%2C_University_of_London)
[University College London](/source/University_College_London) | alma_mater = {{nowrap|[Auckland University College](/source/University_of_Auckland) (MSc, PhD)}}
[Newnham College, Cambridge](/source/Newnham_College%2C_Cambridge) (PhD) | thesis1_title = The crystal structure of dipotassium nitroacetate and {{Non breaking hyphen}}nitropropionic acid | thesis1_url = https://catalogue.library.auckland.ac.nz/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=uoa_alma21190939600002091&context=L&vid=NEWUI&lang=en_US | thesis1_year = 1953 | doctoral_advisors = [Frederick John Llewellyn](/source/Frederick_John_Llewellyn) | thesis2_title = | thesis2_url = | thesis2_year = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = C−H···:O hydrogen bonds | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = }} '''Dorothy June Sutor''' (6 June 1929 – 27 May 1990) was a New Zealand-born [crystallographer](/source/Crystallography) who spent most of her research career in England. She was one of the first scientists to establish that [hydrogen bond](/source/hydrogen_bond)s could form to hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms. She later worked in the laboratory of [Kathleen Lonsdale](/source/Kathleen_Lonsdale) on the characterisation and prevention of [urinary calculi](/source/urinary_calculi). == Early life and education == Sutor was born in New Zealand, in the [Auckland](/source/Auckland) suburb of [Parnell](/source/Parnell%2C_New_Zealand), on 6 June 1929, the daughter of Victor Edward Sutor, a coach builder, and Cecilia Maud Sutor (née Craner).{{Cite web |url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/features/the-forgotten-female-crystallographer-who-discovered-cho-bonds/3010324.article |title=The forgotten female crystallographer who discovered C–H⋯O bonds |first=Andy |last=Extance |date=2 April 2019 |website=Chemistry World |access-date=2019-07-06}}{{cite web |url=https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=try&db=ONSDeath93&h=8739861 |title=England & Wales, civil registration death index, 1916–2007 |year=2007 |publisher=Ancestry.com Operations |accessdate=8 July 2019 |url-access=subscription}}{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19290608.2.3 |title=Births |date=8 June 1929 |work=Auckland Star |accessdate=8 July 2019 |page=1}} She was educated at [St Cuthbert's College](/source/St_Cuthbert's_College%2C_Auckland),{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19451213.2.106 |title=School prizes |date=13 December 1945 |work=Auckland Star |accessdate=9 July 2019 |page=7}}{{cite web |url=https://ddcy2gtj9v0dh.cloudfront.net/Uploads/v/h/z/June-Sutor---In-Memoriam.pdf |title=June Sutor 1929–1990 |date=July 1990 |publisher=All Saint's Church, Talbot Road, Highgate |accessdate=9 July 2019 |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219170843/https://ddcy2gtj9v0dh.cloudfront.net/Uploads/v/h/z/June-Sutor---In-Memoriam.pdf |url-status=dead }} and went on to study [chemistry](/source/chemistry) at [Auckland University College](/source/University_of_Auckland). She graduated [Master of Science](/source/Master_of_Science) with first-class honours in 1952 and, supervised by [Frederick John Llewellyn](/source/John_Llewellyn_(academic)), she graduated with her first [PhD](/source/PhD) in 1954.{{Cite web|url=http://shadowsoftime.co.nz/university22.html|title=NZ University Graduates 1870-1961|website=Shadows of Time|access-date=2019-07-07}} She published her first single-author ''[Acta Crystallographica](/source/Acta_Crystallographica)'' paper, ''The unit cell and space group of ethyl nitrolic acid'', whilst a student.{{Cite journal|last=Sutor|first=D. J.|date=1953|title=The unit cell and space group of ethyl nitrolic acid|journal=Acta Crystallographica|language=en|volume=6|issue=10|pages=811|doi=10.1107/S0365110X53002350|bibcode=1953AcCry...6..811S |issn=0365-110X}}{{Cite web|url=https://scanz.iucr.org/history/lab-sketches/university-of-auckland|title=SCANZ {{!}} University of Auckland|website=scanz.iucr.org|access-date=2019-07-07|archive-date=7 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707190634/https://scanz.iucr.org/history/lab-sketches/university-of-auckland|url-status=dead}} In 1954, Sutor went to the United Kingdom, and took up a travelling scholarship and [Bathurst Studentship](/source/Bathurst_studentship) at [Newnham College, Cambridge](/source/Newnham_College%2C_Cambridge). There, she earned a PhD on the structures of [purine](/source/purine)s and [nucleoside](/source/nucleoside)s in 1958. During her second doctorate, Sutor identified the structure of [caffeine](/source/caffeine), and showed that it can readily recrystallise in its monohydrate form.{{Cite journal|last=Sutor|first=D. J.|date=1958-07-10|title=The structures of the pyrimidines and purines. VII. The crystal structure of caffeine|journal=Acta Crystallographica|language=en|volume=11|issue=7|pages=453–458|doi=10.1107/S0365110X58001286|issn=0365-110X|doi-access=free|bibcode=1958AcCry..11..453S }}{{Cite journal|last1=Kolehmainen|first1=Erkki|last2=Nonappa|date=2016|title=Caffeine as a Gelator|journal=Gels|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=9|doi=10.3390/gels2010009|pmid=30674141|pmc=6318762|doi-access=free}} == Research and career == Sutor moved to Australia in 1958, working as a research officer in [Melbourne](/source/Melbourne). In 1959, she returned to Britain to take up an [Imperial Chemical Industries](/source/Imperial_Chemical_Industries) Fellowship at [Birkbeck College](/source/Birkbeck%2C_University_of_London), where she worked with [J. D. Bernal](/source/J._D._Bernal), [Rosalind Franklin](/source/Rosalind_Franklin), and [Aaron Klug](/source/Aaron_Klug) on the application of [X-ray crystallography](/source/X-ray_crystallography) in molecular biology.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E1HqCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 |title=World Directory of Crystallographers and of Other Scientists Employing Crystallographic Methods|date=2013-11-11|publisher=Springer |isbn=9789401737036|editor-last=Maslen |editor-first=E.N. |accessdate=9 July 2019}} She worked on [hydrogen bonding](/source/Hydrogen_bond) and computational chemistry, writing programs for the [EDSAC](/source/EDSAC). Sutor used the concept of [electronegativity](/source/electronegativity), introduced by [Linus Pauling](/source/Linus_Pauling) in 1932, to explain hydrogen bonds. She investigated the [Van der Waals](/source/Van_der_Waals_force) distances that are shortened during hydrogen bonding, and based on her findings proposed that a C–H group that is activated by [partial ionization](/source/partial_ionization) can take part in hydrogen bonding (so called [C-H···O bonds](/source/C%E2%80%93H%C2%B7%C2%B7%C2%B7O_interaction)).{{Cite journal|last=June Sutor|first=D.|date=1962|title=The C–H… O Hydrogen Bond in Crystals|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=195|issue=4836|pages=68–69|doi=10.1038/195068a0|bibcode=1962Natur.195...68J|s2cid=4179976|issn=1476-4687}}{{Cite journal|last=Sutor|first=D. June|date=1963-01-01|title=204. Evidence for the existence of C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds in crystals|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1963/jr/jr9630001105|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed)|language=en|pages=1105–1110|doi=10.1039/JR9630001105|issn=0368-1769|url-access=subscription}} She investigated the structure of [theacrine](/source/theacrine), [DNA](/source/DNA) and other purine compounds. In 1962, Sutor published the first crystallographic evidence for C-H ⋯O bonding. Her work expanded from small-molecule crystal structures to [alkaloid](/source/alkaloid)s. Her work was criticised by [Jerry Donohue](/source/Jerry_Donohue), who disputed her Van der Waals distances and claimed that she had data problems. At the time, Donohue's textbooks were in most laboratories, and he was a common reviewer for academic papers including [crystal structures](/source/Crystal_structure). [Carl Schwalbe](/source/Carl_Schwalbe) has speculated that this could have been due to academic jealousy, saying in 2019 that "acceptance of women in science, particularly the physical sciences, was by no means complete".{{Cite journal|last=Schwalbe|first=Carl H.|date=2012-07-01|title=June Sutor and the C–H ··· O hydrogen bonding controversy|journal=Crystallography Reviews|volume=18|issue=3|pages=191–206|doi=10.1080/0889311X.2012.674945|bibcode=2012CryRv..18..191S |s2cid=96289568|issn=0889-311X}} Sutor moved back to New Zealand, working briefly for the [Department of Scientific and Industrial Research](/source/Department_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research_(New_Zealand)) before taking leave to look after her father, who died in 1964.{{cite web |url=http://www.purewa.co.nz/view/?id=54968 |title=Burial & cremation details |publisher=Purewa Cemetery and Crematorium |accessdate=9 July 2019}} In 1966, Sutor was offered a job by [Kathleen Lonsdale](/source/Kathleen_Lonsdale) at [University College London](/source/University_College_London). She studied [urinary calculi](/source/urinary_calculi) and searched for ways to prevent them.{{Cite journal|last1=Wooley|first1=Susan E.|last2=Sutor|first2=D. June|date=1971-01-01|title=A statistical survey of the composition of gallstones in eight countries|url= |journal=Gut|language=en|volume=12|issue=1|pages=55–64|doi=10.1136/gut.12.1.55|issn=0017-5749|pmid=5543374|pmc=1411468}}{{Cite journal|last1=Hermon Dowling|first1=R.|last2=Rose|first2=G. Alan|last3=June Sutor|first3=D.|title=Hyperoxaluria and Renal Calculi in Ileal Disease|date=1971-05-29|journal=The Lancet|series=Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 7709|volume=297|issue=7709|pages=1103–1106|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(71)91840-X|pmid=4102626|issn=0140-6736}} Sutor had good contacts with hospital staff, and even managed to secure [Napoléon III](/source/Napol%C3%A9on_III)'s [bladder stone](/source/bladder_stone). She was supported by a grant from the [Nuffield Foundation](/source/Nuffield_Foundation). In 1979, Sutor became partially sighted, and more "interested in the theoretical aspects of stone growth".{{Cite journal|last=June Sutor|first=D.|date=1981-01-01|title=Crystal growth in bile|journal=Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization|volume=4|issue=1|pages=47–57|doi=10.1016/0146-3535(81)90047-2|issn=0146-3535}} ==Death and legacy== Sutor died of cancer in London on 27 May 1990. She bequeathed her estate of over £500,000 for the establishment of June Sutor Fellowships for research at [Moorfields Eye Hospital](/source/Moorfields_Eye_Hospital) into the prevention of blindness. Sutor's predictions on the hydrogen bond were confirmed by [Robin Taylor](/source/Robin_Taylor_(crystallographer)) and [Olga Kennard](/source/Olga_Kennard) in the 1980s.{{Cite journal|last1=Taylor|first1=Robin|last2=Kennard|first2=Olga|date=1984-09-01|title=Hydrogen-bond geometry in organic crystals|journal=Accounts of Chemical Research|volume=17|issue=9|pages=320–326|doi=10.1021/ar00105a004|issn=0001-4842}}{{Cite journal|last1=Taylor|first1=Robin|last2=Kennard|first2=Olga|date=1982-09-01|title=Crystallographic evidence for the existence of CH.cntdot..cntdot..cntdot.O, CH.cntdot..cntdot..cntdot.N and CH.cntdot..cntdot..cntdot.Cl hydrogen bonds|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=104|issue=19|pages=5063–5070|doi=10.1021/ja00383a012|bibcode=1982JAChS.104.5063T |issn=0002-7863}} Their work included 113 [neutron diffraction](/source/neutron_diffraction) patterns in the [Cambridge Crystallographic Database](/source/Cambridge_Crystallographic_Database), and found that Sutor's C–H⋯O bond distances were correct to within {{convert|0.03|Å|nm|abbr=on|3}}. [Gautam Radhakrishna Desiraju](/source/Gautam_Radhakrishna_Desiraju) dedicated a chapter of his book on hydrogen bonds to the work of Sutor, and Carl Schwalbe compared the structures cited by Sutor to modern redeterminations.{{Cite journal|last=Desiraju|first=Gautam R.|date=1996-01-01|title=The C−H···O Hydrogen Bond: Structural Implications and Supramolecular Design|journal=Accounts of Chemical Research|volume=29|issue=9|pages=441–449|doi=10.1021/ar950135n|pmid=23618410|issn=0001-4842}} == References == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sutor, Jane}} Category:1929 births Category:1990 deaths Category:People from Auckland Category:People educated at St Cuthbert's College, Auckland Category:University of Auckland alumni Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge Category:New Zealand women chemists Category:Crystallographers Category:People associated with Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Zealand) Category:People associated with Birkbeck, University of London Category:People associated with University College London Category:New Zealand expatriates in England Category:Deaths from cancer in England Category:20th-century chemists --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [June Sutor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Sutor) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Sutor?action=history)). 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