# June 3

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/June_3
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/June_3.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_3
> Source revision: 1357184190
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

## Events

### Pre-1600

- [350](/source/350) – The [Roman usurper](/source/Roman_usurper) [Nepotianus](/source/Nepotianus), of the [Constantinian dynasty](/source/Constantinian_dynasty), proclaims himself [Roman emperor](/source/Roman_emperor), entering Rome at the head of a group of [gladiators](/source/Gladiator).[1]
- [713](/source/713) – The [Byzantine](/source/Byzantine_Empire) emperor [Philippicus](/source/Philippikos_Bardanes) is [blinded](/source/Political_mutilation_in_Byzantine_culture), deposed and sent into [exile](/source/Exile) by conspirators of the [Opsikion](/source/Opsikion) army in [Thrace](/source/Thrace). He is succeeded by [Anastasios II](/source/Anastasios_II), who begins the reorganization of the [Byzantine army](/source/Byzantine_army).[2]
- [1098](/source/1098) – After a five-month siege during the [First Crusade](/source/First_Crusade), the Crusaders seize [Antioch](/source/Antioch).[3]
- [1140](/source/1140) – The French scholar [Peter Abelard](/source/Peter_Abelard) is found guilty of [heresy](/source/Heresy_in_Christianity).[4]
- [1326](/source/1326) – The [Treaty of Novgorod](/source/Treaty_of_Novgorod_(1326)) delineates borders between Russia and Norway in [Finnmark](/source/Finnmark).[5]
- [1539](/source/1539) – [Hernando de Soto](/source/Hernando_de_Soto) claims [Florida](/source/Florida) for Spain.[6]

### 1601–1900

- [1602](/source/1602) – An English naval force defeats a fleet of Spanish [galleys](/source/Galley), and captures a large Portuguese [carrack](/source/Carrack) at the [Battle of Sesimbra Bay](/source/Battle_of_Sesimbra_Bay).[7]
- [1608](/source/1608) – [Samuel de Champlain](/source/Samuel_de_Champlain) lands at [Tadoussac, Quebec](/source/Tadoussac,_Quebec), in the course of his third voyage to [New France](/source/New_France), and begins erecting fortifications.[8]
- [1621](/source/1621) – The [Dutch West India Company](/source/Dutch_West_India_Company) receives a charter for [New Netherland](/source/New_Netherland).
- [1658](/source/1658) – [Pope Alexander VII](/source/Pope_Alexander_VII) appoints [François de Laval](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval) [vicar apostolic](/source/Apostolic_vicariate) in New France.
- [1665](/source/1665) – [James Stuart, Duke of York](/source/James_II_of_England) (later to become King James II of England), [defeats](/source/Battle_of_Lowestoft) the Dutch [fleet](/source/Naval_fleet) off the coast of [Lowestoft](/source/Lowestoft).[9]
- [1700](/source/1700) – Foundation of the [Academy of the Distrustful](/source/Academy_of_the_Distrustful) in the library room of the *Palau Dalmases* in Barcelona.[10]
- [1781](/source/1781) – [Jack Jouett](/source/Jack_Jouett) begins his midnight ride to warn [Thomas Jefferson](/source/Thomas_Jefferson) and the Virginia legislature of an impending British raid.
- [1839](/source/1839) – In [Humen, China](/source/Humen_(town)), [Lin Zexu](/source/Lin_Zexu) destroys 1.2 million kilograms of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a *casus belli* to open hostilities, resulting in the [First Opium War](/source/First_Opium_War).
- [1844](/source/1844) – The last pair of [great auks](/source/Great_auk) is killed.[11]
- [1861](/source/1861) – [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War): [Battle of Philippi](/source/Battle_of_Philippi_(1861)) (also called the Philippi Races): [Union](/source/Union_(American_Civil_War)) forces rout [Confederate](/source/Confederate_States_of_America) troops in [Barbour County, Virginia](/source/Barbour_County,_West_Virginia), now [West Virginia](/source/West_Virginia).
- [1863](/source/1863) – American Civil War: [Robert E. Lee](/source/Robert_E._Lee) and his [Army of Northern Virginia](/source/Army_of_Northern_Virginia) begin marching to invade the [North](/source/Northern_United_States#American_Civil_War) for a second time, starting the [Gettysburg campaign](/source/Gettysburg_campaign).[12]
- [1864](/source/1864) – American Civil War: Union forces under [Ulysses S. Grant](/source/Ulysses_S._Grant) sustain heavy casualties attacking Confederate troops under Robert E. Lee at the [Battle of Cold Harbor](/source/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor) in [Hanover County, Virginia](/source/Hanover_County,_Virginia).[13]
- [1885](/source/1885) – In the last military engagement fought on Canadian soil, the [Cree](/source/Cree) leader, [Big Bear](/source/Big_Bear), escapes the [North-West Mounted Police](/source/North-West_Mounted_Police).
- [1889](/source/1889) – The first long-distance [electric power transmission](/source/Electric_power_transmission) line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at [Willamette Falls](/source/Willamette_River) and downtown [Portland, Oregon](/source/Portland,_Oregon).
- [1892](/source/1892) – [Liverpool F.C.](/source/Liverpool_F.C.) is founded by [John Houlding](/source/John_Houlding).[14]

### 1901–present

- [1916](/source/1916) – The [National Defense Act](/source/National_Defense_Act) is signed into law, increasing the size of the [United States National Guard](/source/United_States_National_Guard) by 450,000 men.
- [1935](/source/1935) – One thousand unemployed Canadian workers board freight cars in Vancouver, beginning a [protest trek](/source/On-to-Ottawa_Trek) to Ottawa.
- [1937](/source/1937) – The [Duke of Windsor](/source/Edward_VIII) marries [Wallis Simpson](/source/Wallis_Simpson).
- [1940](/source/1940) – [World War II](/source/World_War_II): During the [Battle of France](/source/Battle_of_France), the [Luftwaffe](/source/Luftwaffe) [bombs](/source/Operation_Paula) [Paris](/source/Paris_in_World_War_II).
- 1940 – [Franz Rademacher](/source/Franz_Rademacher) proposes [plans](/source/Madagascar_Plan) to make [Madagascar](/source/Madagascar) the "Jewish homeland", an idea that had first been considered by 19th century journalist [Theodor Herzl](/source/Theodor_Herzl).[15]
- [1941](/source/1941) – World War II: The [Wehrmacht](/source/Wehrmacht) [razes](/source/Razing_of_Kandanos) the Greek village of [Kandanos](/source/Kandanos) to the ground and murders 180 of its inhabitants.
- [1942](/source/1942) – World War II: [Japan](/source/Empire_of_Japan) begins the [Aleutian Islands Campaign](/source/Aleutian_Islands_Campaign) by [bombing](/source/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor) [Unalaska Island](/source/Unalaska_Island).
- [1943](/source/1943) – In [Los Angeles](/source/Los_Angeles), California, white [U.S. Navy](/source/U.S._Navy) sailors and [Marines](/source/United_States_Marine_Corps) attack Latino youths in the five-day [Zoot Suit Riots](/source/Zoot_Suit_Riots).[16]
- [1950](/source/1950) – [Herzog](/source/Maurice_Herzog) and [Lachenal](/source/Louis_Lachenal) of the [French Annapurna expedition](/source/1950_French_Annapurna_expedition) become the first climbers to reach the summit of an [8,000-metre](/source/Eight-thousander) peak.
- [1962](/source/1962) – At Paris [Orly Airport](/source/Orly_Airport), [Air France Flight 007](/source/Air_France_Flight_007) overruns the runway and explodes when the crew attempts to abort takeoff, killing 130.
- [1963](/source/1963) – Soldiers of the South Vietnamese Army [attack](/source/Hu%E1%BA%BF_chemical_attacks) protesting Buddhists in Huế with liquid chemicals from tear-gas grenades, causing 67 people to be hospitalized for blistering of the skin and respiratory ailments.
- [1965](/source/1965) – The launch of [Gemini 4](/source/Gemini_4), the first multi-day space mission by a [NASA](/source/NASA) crew. [Ed White](/source/Ed_White_(astronaut)), a crew member, performs the first American [spacewalk](/source/Extravehicular_activity).
- [1969](/source/1969) – [Melbourne–Evans collision](/source/Melbourne%E2%80%93Evans_collision): off the coast of [South Vietnam](/source/South_Vietnam), the Australian aircraft carrier [HMAS *Melbourne*](/source/HMAS_Melbourne_(R21)) cuts the U.S. Navy destroyer [USS *Frank E. Evans*](/source/USS_Frank_E._Evans_(DD-754)) in half; resulting in 74 deaths.
- [1973](/source/1973) – A [Soviet](/source/Soviet_Union) [supersonic](/source/Supersonic) [Tupolev Tu-144](/source/Tupolev_Tu-144) [crashes](/source/1973_Paris_Air_Show_crash) near [Goussainville](/source/Goussainville,_Val-d'Oise), France, killing 14, the first crash of a supersonic passenger aircraft.
- [1979](/source/1979) – A blowout at the [Ixtoc I](/source/Ixtoc_I) oil well in the southern [Gulf of Mexico](/source/Gulf_of_Mexico) causes at least 3,000,000 barrels (480,000 m3) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the second-worst accidental [oil spill](/source/Oil_spill) ever recorded.
- [1980](/source/1980) – The [1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak](/source/1980_Grand_Island_tornado_outbreak) hits [Nebraska](/source/Nebraska), United States, causing five deaths and $300 million (equivalent to $ million in ) worth of damage.
- [1982](/source/1982) – The Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom, [Shlomo Argov](/source/Shlomo_Argov), is shot on a London street; he survives but is left paralysed.
- [1984](/source/1984) – [Operation Blue Star](/source/Operation_Blue_Star), a military offensive, is launched by the Indian government at [Harmandir Sahib](/source/Harmandir_Sahib), also known as the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine for [Sikhs](/source/Sikhs), in [Amritsar](/source/Amritsar). The operation continues until [June 6](/source/June_6), with casualties, most of them civilians, in excess of 5,000.
- [1989](/source/1989) – The government of China sends troops to force protesters out of [Tiananmen Square](/source/Tiananmen_Square) after seven weeks of occupation.
- [1991](/source/1991) – [Mount Unzen](/source/Mount_Unzen) [erupts](/source/1991_eruption_of_Mount_Unzen) in [Kyūshū](/source/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB), Japan, killing 43 people, all of them either researchers or journalists.
- [1992](/source/1992) – Australian Aboriginal land rights are recognised in *[Mabo v Queensland (No 2)](/source/Mabo_v_Queensland_(No_2))*, a case brought by Torres Strait Islander [Eddie Mabo](/source/Eddie_Mabo) which led to the *[Native Title Act 1993](/source/Native_Title_Act_1993)* overturning the long-held colonial assumption of *[terra nullius](/source/Terra_nullius)*.
- [1998](/source/1998) – After suffering a mechanical failure, [a high speed train derails](/source/Eschede_train_disaster) at [Eschede, Germany](/source/Eschede,_Germany), killing 101 people.
- [2006](/source/2006) – The union of [Serbia and Montenegro](/source/Serbia_and_Montenegro) comes to an end with [Montenegro](/source/Montenegro)'s formal declaration of independence.
- [2012](/source/2012) – A plane carrying 153 people [crashes](/source/Dana_Air_Flight_992) in a residential neighborhood in [Lagos, Nigeria](/source/Lagos,_Nigeria), killing everyone on board plus six people on the ground.[17]
- 2012 – The [pageant](/source/Thames_Diamond_Jubilee_Pageant) for the [Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II](/source/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II) takes place on the [River Thames](/source/River_Thames).
- [2013](/source/2013) – The [trial](/source/United_States_v._Manning) of United States Army private [Chelsea Manning](/source/Chelsea_Manning) for leaking classified material to [WikiLeaks](/source/WikiLeaks) begins in [Fort Meade, Maryland](/source/Fort_Meade,_Maryland).
- 2013 – At least 119 people are [killed in a fire](/source/Jilin_Baoyuanfeng_poultry_plant_fire) at a poultry farm in [Jilin Province](/source/Jilin_Province) in northeastern China.[18]
- [2019](/source/2019) – [Khartoum massacre](/source/Khartoum_massacre): In [Sudan](/source/Sudan), over 100 people are killed when security forces accompanied by [Janjaweed](/source/Janjaweed) militiamen storm and open fire on a [sit-in protest](/source/2018%E2%80%9319_Sudanese_protests).[19]
- [2025](/source/2025) – Reconstitution of the [Academy of the Distrustful](/source/Academy_of_the_Distrustful) in the *Sala Dalmases* of the Historical Archive of the City of Barcelona in Barcelona.[20]

## Births

### Pre-1600

- [1139](/source/1139) – [Conon of Naso](/source/Conon_of_Naso), [Basilian](/source/Basilian_monks) [abbot](/source/Abbot) (died 1236)
- [1421](/source/1421) – [Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici](/source/Giovanni_di_Cosimo_de'_Medici), Italian noble (died 1463)[21]
- [1454](/source/1454) – [Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania](/source/Bogislaw_X,_Duke_of_Pomerania) (1474–1523) (died 1523)
- [1537](/source/1537) – [João Manuel, Prince of Portugal](/source/Jo%C3%A3o_Manuel,_Prince_of_Portugal) (died 1554)[22]
- [1540](/source/1540) – [Charles II, Archduke of Austria](/source/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria) (died 1590)
- [1554](/source/1554) – [Pietro de' Medici](/source/Pietro_de'_Medici), Italian noble (died 1604)
- [1576](/source/1576) – [Giovanni Diodati](/source/Giovanni_Diodati), Swiss-Italian minister, theologian, and academic (died 1649)[23]

### 1601–1900

- [1635](/source/1635) – [Philippe Quinault](/source/Philippe_Quinault), French playwright and composer (died 1688)
- [1636](/source/1636) – [John Hale](/source/John_Hale_(Beverly_minister)), American minister (died 1700)
- [1659](/source/1659) – [David Gregory](/source/David_Gregory_(mathematician)), Scottish-English mathematician and astronomer (died 1708)
- [1723](/source/1723) – [Giovanni Antonio Scopoli](/source/Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli), Italian physician, geologist, and botanist (died 1788)[24]
- [1726](/source/1726) – [James Hutton](/source/James_Hutton), Scottish geologist and physician (died 1797)
- [1736](/source/1736) – [Ignaz Fränzl](/source/Ignaz_Fr%C3%A4nzl), German violinist and composer (died 1811)[25]
- [1770](/source/1770) – [Manuel Belgrano](/source/Manuel_Belgrano), Argentinian economist, lawyer, and politician (died 1820)[26]
- [1808](/source/1808) – [Jefferson Davis](/source/Jefferson_Davis), American colonel and politician, [President of the Confederate States of America](/source/President_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America) from 1861 - 1865 (died 1889)[27]
- [1817](/source/1817) – [Princess Clémentine of Orléans](/source/Princess_Cl%C3%A9mentine_of_Orl%C3%A9ans)[28](died 1907)
- [1818](/source/1818) – [Louis Faidherbe](/source/Louis_Faidherbe), French general and politician, [Governor of Senegal](/source/Governor_of_Senegal) (died 1889)
- [1819](/source/1819) – [Anton Anderledy](/source/Anton_Anderledy), Swiss religious leader, 23rd [Superior General of the Society of Jesus](/source/Superior_General_of_the_Society_of_Jesus) (died 1892)
- 1819 – [Johan Jongkind](/source/Johan_Jongkind), Dutch painter (died 1891)[29]
- 1819 – [Magdalene Thoresen](/source/Magdalene_Thoresen), Danish writer (died 1903)[30]
- [1832](/source/1832) – [Charles Lecocq](/source/Charles_Lecocq), French pianist and composer (died 1918)
- [1843](/source/1843) – [Frederik VIII of Denmark](/source/Frederik_VIII_of_Denmark) (died 1912)
- [1844](/source/1844) – [Garret Hobart](/source/Garret_Hobart), American lawyer and politician, 24th [Vice President of the United States](/source/Vice_President_of_the_United_States) (died 1899)
- 1844 – [Detlev von Liliencron](/source/Detlev_von_Liliencron), German poet and author (died 1909)
- [1852](/source/1852) – [Theodore Robinson](/source/Theodore_Robinson), American painter and academic (died 1896)
- [1853](/source/1853) – [Flinders Petrie](/source/Flinders_Petrie), English archaeologist and academic (died 1942)[31]
- [1864](/source/1864) – [Otto Erich Hartleben](/source/Otto_Erich_Hartleben), German poet and playwright (died 1905)
- 1864 – [Ransom E. Olds](/source/Ransom_E._Olds), American businessman, founded [Oldsmobile](/source/Oldsmobile) and [REO Motor Car Company](/source/REO_Motor_Car_Company) (died 1950)
- [1865](/source/1865) – [George V](/source/George_V) of the United Kingdom (died 1936)[32]
- [1866](/source/1866) – [George Howells Broadhurst](/source/George_Howells_Broadhurst), English-American director and manager (died 1952)
- [1873](/source/1873) – [Otto Loewi](/source/Otto_Loewi), German-American pharmacologist and psychobiologist, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) laureate (died 1961)
- [1877](/source/1877) – [Raoul Dufy](/source/Raoul_Dufy), French painter and illustrator (died 1953)[33]
- [1879](/source/1879) – [Alla Nazimova](/source/Alla_Nazimova), Ukrainian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (died 1945)
- 1879 – [Raymond Pearl](/source/Raymond_Pearl), American biologist and botanist (died 1940)
- 1879 – [Vivian Woodward](/source/Vivian_Woodward), English footballer and soldier (died 1954)
- [1881](/source/1881) – [Mikhail Larionov](/source/Mikhail_Larionov), Russian painter and set designer (died 1964)
- [1890](/source/1890) – [Baburao Painter](/source/Baburao_Painter), Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1954)
- [1897](/source/1897) – [Memphis Minnie](/source/Memphis_Minnie), American singer-songwriter (died 1973)
- [1899](/source/1899) – [Georg von Békésy](/source/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy), Hungarian-American biophysicist and academic, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) laureate (died 1972)
- [1900](/source/1900) – [Adelaide Ames](/source/Adelaide_Ames), American astronomer and academic (died 1932)[34]
- 1900 – [Leo Picard](/source/Leo_Picard), German-Israeli geologist and academic (died 1997)

### 1901–present

- [1901](/source/1901) – [Maurice Evans](/source/Maurice_Evans_(actor)), English actor (died 1989)
- 1901 – [Zhang Xueliang](/source/Zhang_Xueliang), Chinese general and warlord (died 2001)
- [1903](/source/1903) – [Eddie Acuff](/source/Eddie_Acuff), American actor (died 1956)
- [1904](/source/1904) – [Charles R. Drew](/source/Charles_R._Drew), American physician and surgeon (died 1950)
- 1904 – [Jan Peerce](/source/Jan_Peerce), American tenor and actor (died 1984)
- [1905](/source/1905) – [Martin Gottfried Weiss](/source/Martin_Gottfried_Weiss), German [SS](/source/SS) officer (died 1946)
- [1906](/source/1906) – [R. G. D. Allen](/source/R._G._D._Allen), English economist, mathematician, and statistician (died 1983)
- 1906 – [Josephine Baker](/source/Josephine_Baker), French actress, singer, and dancer; French Resistance operative (died 1975)
- 1906 – [Walter Robins](/source/Walter_Robins), English cricketer and footballer (died 1968)
- [1907](/source/1907) – [Paul Rotha](/source/Paul_Rotha), English director and producer (died 1984)
- [1910](/source/1910) – [Paulette Goddard](/source/Paulette_Goddard), American actress and model (died 1990)
- [1911](/source/1911) – [Ellen Corby](/source/Ellen_Corby), American actress and screenwriter (died 1999)
- [1913](/source/1913) – [Pedro Mir](/source/Pedro_Mir), Dominican poet and author (died 2000)
- [1914](/source/1914) – [Ignacio Ponseti](/source/Ignacio_Ponseti), Spanish physician and orthopedist (died 2009)
- [1917](/source/1917) – [Leo Gorcey](/source/Leo_Gorcey), American actor (died 1969)
- [1918](/source/1918) – [Patrick Cargill](/source/Patrick_Cargill), English actor and producer (died 1996)
- 1918 – [Lili St. Cyr](/source/Lili_St._Cyr), American burlesque dancer (died 1999)
- [1921](/source/1921) – [Forbes Carlile](/source/Forbes_Carlile), Australian pentathlete and coach (died 2016)
- [1922](/source/1922) – [Alain Resnais](/source/Alain_Resnais), French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (died 2014)
- [1923](/source/1923) – [Igor Shafarevich](/source/Igor_Shafarevich), Russian mathematician and theorist (died 2017)
- [1924](/source/1924) – [Karunanidhi](/source/Karunanidhi), Indian screenwriter and politician, 3rd [Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu](/source/Chief_Minister_of_Tamil_Nadu) (died 2018)
- 1924 – [Colleen Dewhurst](/source/Colleen_Dewhurst), Canadian-American actress (died 1991)
- 1924 – [Jimmy Rogers](/source/Jimmy_Rogers), American singer and guitarist (died 1997)[35]
- 1924 – [Torsten Wiesel](/source/Torsten_Wiesel), Swedish neurophysiologist and academic, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) laureate[36]
- [1925](/source/1925) – [Tony Curtis](/source/Tony_Curtis), American actor (died 2010)[37]
- [1926](/source/1926) – [Allen Ginsberg](/source/Allen_Ginsberg), American poet (died 1997)[38]
- 1926 – [Flora MacDonald](/source/Flora_MacDonald_(politician)), Canadian banker and politician, 10th [Canadian Minister of Communications](/source/Minister_of_Communications_(Canada)) (died 2015)
- [1927](/source/1927) – [Boots Randolph](/source/Boots_Randolph), American saxophonist and composer (died 2007)
- [1928](/source/1928) – [Donald Judd](/source/Donald_Judd), American sculptor and painter (died 1994)
- 1928 – [John Richard Reid](/source/John_Richard_Reid), New Zealand cricketer (died 2020)
- [1929](/source/1929) – [Werner Arber](/source/Werner_Arber), Swiss microbiologist and geneticist, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) laureate
- 1929 – [Chuck Barris](/source/Chuck_Barris), American game show host and producer (died 2017)
- [1930](/source/1930) – [Marion Zimmer Bradley](/source/Marion_Zimmer_Bradley), American author and poet (died 1999)
- 1930 – [George Fernandes](/source/George_Fernandes), Indian journalist and politician, [Minister of Defence for India](/source/Minister_of_Defence_(India)) (died 2019)
- 1930 – [Joe Coulombe](/source/Joe_Coulombe), founder of [Trader Joe's](/source/Trader_Joe's) (died 2020)[39]
- [1931](/source/1931) – [Françoise Arnoul](/source/Fran%C3%A7oise_Arnoul), Algerian-French actress (died 2021)
- 1931 – [Raúl Castro](/source/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro), Cuban commander and politician, 18th [President of Cuba](/source/President_of_Cuba)
- 1931 – [John Norman](/source/John_Norman), American philosopher and author
- 1931 – [Lindy Remigino](/source/Lindy_Remigino), American runner and coach (died 2018)
- 1931 – [Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa](/source/Isa_bin_Salman_Al_Khalifa), Bahranian king (died 1999)
- [1936](/source/1936) – [Larry McMurtry](/source/Larry_McMurtry), American novelist and screenwriter (died 2021)
- 1936 – [Colin Meads](/source/Colin_Meads), New Zealand rugby player and coach (died 2017)
- [1937](/source/1937) – [Jean-Pierre Jaussaud](/source/Jean-Pierre_Jaussaud), French racing driver (died 2021)
- [1942](/source/1942) – [Curtis Mayfield](/source/Curtis_Mayfield), American singer-songwriter and producer (died 1999)
- [1943](/source/1943) – [Billy Cunningham](/source/Billy_Cunningham), American basketball player and coach
- [1945](/source/1945) – [Hale Irwin](/source/Hale_Irwin), American golfer and architect
- 1945 – [Ramon Jacinto](/source/Ramon_Jacinto), Filipino singer, guitarist, and businessman, founded the [Rajah Broadcasting Network](/source/Rajah_Broadcasting_Network)
- 1945 – [Bill Paterson](/source/Bill_Paterson_(actor)), Scottish actor
- [1946](/source/1946) – [Michael Clarke](/source/Michael_Clarke_(musician)), American drummer (died 1993)
- 1946 – [Penelope Wilton](/source/Penelope_Wilton), English actress
- [1948](/source/1948) – [Jan Reker](/source/Jan_Reker), Dutch footballer and manager
- [1950](/source/1950) – [Frédéric François](/source/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois), Belgian singer-songwriter
- 1950 – [Melissa Mathison](/source/Melissa_Mathison), American screenwriter and producer (died 2015)
- 1950 – [Larry Probst](/source/Larry_Probst), American businessman
- 1950 – [Suzi Quatro](/source/Suzi_Quatro), American-English singer-songwriter and guitarist[40]
- [1951](/source/1951) – [Jill Biden](/source/Jill_Biden), American educator, [First Lady of the United States](/source/First_Lady_of_the_United_States)[41]
- 1951 – [Deniece Williams](/source/Deniece_Williams), American singer-songwriter[42]
- [1954](/source/1954) – [Dan Hill](/source/Dan_Hill), Canadian singer-songwriter[43]
- [1955](/source/1955) – [Louis H. Schiff](/source/Louis_H._Schiff), retired American judge, law school professor.[44]
- [1956](/source/1956) – [George Burley](/source/George_Burley), Scottish footballer and manager
- 1956 – [Danny Wilde](/source/Danny_Wilde_(musician)), American singer-songwriter and guitarist[45]
- [1959](/source/1959) – [Sam Mills](/source/Sam_Mills), American football player (died 2005)[46]
- [1960](/source/1960) – [Jeff Colyer](/source/Jeff_Colyer), American politician, 47th [Governor of Kansas](/source/Governor_of_Kansas)[47]
- 1960 – [Catherine Davani](/source/Catherine_Davani), first female [Papua New Guinean](/source/Papua_New_Guinea) judge (died 2016)[48]
- 1960 – [Tracy Grimshaw](/source/Tracy_Grimshaw), Australian television host[49]
- 1960 – [Carl Rackemann](/source/Carl_Rackemann), Australian cricketer and sportscaster[50]
- [1961](/source/1961) – [Lawrence Lessig](/source/Lawrence_Lessig), American lawyer, academic, and author, founded the [Creative Commons](/source/Creative_Commons)
- 1961 – [Peter Vidmar](/source/Peter_Vidmar), American gymnast
- 1961 – [Ed Wynne](/source/Ed_Wynne_(guitarist)), English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
- [1962](/source/1962) – [Susannah Constantine](/source/Susannah_Constantine), English fashion designer, journalist, and author
- [1964](/source/1964) – [Kerry King](/source/Kerry_King), American guitarist and songwriter
- 1964 – [James Purefoy](/source/James_Purefoy), English actor
- 1965 – [Mike Gordon](/source/Mike_Gordon), American bassist and vocalist[51]
- 1965 – [Hans Kroes](/source/Hans_Kroes), Dutch swimmer
- 1965 – [Michael Moore](/source/Michael_Moore_(British_politician)), British accountant and politician, [Secretary of State for Scotland](/source/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland)
- 1965 – [Tina Kaidanow](/source/Tina_Kaidanow), American diplomat and government official (died 2024)[52]
- [1966](/source/1966) – [Wasim Akram](/source/Wasim_Akram), Pakistani cricketer, coach, and sportscaster[53]
- 1966 – [Bill Callahan](/source/Bill_Callahan_(musician)), American singer-songwriter[54]
- [1967](/source/1967) – [Anderson Cooper](/source/Anderson_Cooper), American journalist and author[55]
- 1967 – [Tamás Darnyi](/source/Tam%C3%A1s_Darnyi), Hungarian swimmer[56]
- 1967 – [Newton](/source/Newton_(singer)), English singer-songwriter[57]
- [1969](/source/1969) – [Takako Minekawa](/source/Takako_Minekawa), Japanese singer-songwriter
- 1969 – [Dean Pay](/source/Dean_Pay), Australian rugby league player and coach
- 1969 – [Hiroyuki Takami](/source/Hiroyuki_Takami), Japanese singer and actor[58]
- [1972](/source/1972) – [Julie Gayet](/source/Julie_Gayet), French actress
- [1974](/source/1974) – [Kelly Jones](/source/Kelly_Jones), Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1974 – [Serhiy Rebrov](/source/Serhiy_Rebrov), Ukrainian international footballer and manager[59]
- [1975](/source/1975) – [Jose Molina](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Molina_(baseball)), Puerto Rican baseball player
- [1976](/source/1976) – [Jamie McMurray](/source/Jamie_McMurray), American race car driver
- [1977](/source/1977) – [Cris](/source/Cris_(footballer,_born_1977)), Brazilian footballer
- 1977 – [Travis Hafner](/source/Travis_Hafner), American baseball player[60]
- [1978](/source/1978) – [Lyfe Jennings](/source/Lyfe_Jennings), American singer-songwriter and producer
- [1979](/source/1979) – [Christian Malcolm](/source/Christian_Malcolm), Welsh sprinter
- 1979 – [Pierre Poilievre](/source/Pierre_Poilievre), Canadian politician, [Leader of the Opposition](/source/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada))[61]
- [1980](/source/1980) – [Amauri](/source/Amauri), Italian international footballer
- [1981](/source/1981) – [Sosene Anesi](/source/Sosene_Anesi), New Zealand rugby player[62]
- 1981 – [Sam Murphy](/source/Sam_Murphy_(rugby_league)), Australian rugby league player[63]
- [1982](/source/1982) – [Yelena Isinbayeva](/source/Yelena_Isinbayeva), Russian pole vaulter
- 1982 – [Manfred Mölgg](/source/Manfred_M%C3%B6lgg), Italian skier
- [1983](/source/1983) – [Pasquale Foggia](/source/Pasquale_Foggia), Italian footballer
- [1985](/source/1985) – [Papiss Cissé](/source/Papiss_Ciss%C3%A9), Senegalese footballer
- 1985 – [Łukasz Piszczek](/source/%C5%81ukasz_Piszczek), Polish footballer
- [1986](/source/1986) – [Al Horford](/source/Al_Horford), Dominican basketball player
- 1986 – [Micah Kogo](/source/Micah_Kogo), Kenyan runner
- 1986 – [Rafael Nadal](/source/Rafael_Nadal), Spanish tennis player
- 1986 – [Tomáš Verner](/source/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Verner), Czech ice skater
- [1987](/source/1987) – [Masami Nagasawa](/source/Masami_Nagasawa), Japanese actress
- [1989](/source/1989) – [Katie Hoff](/source/Katie_Hoff), American swimmer[64]
- 1989 – [Imogen Poots](/source/Imogen_Poots), English actress and model[65]
- [1991](/source/1991) – [Yordano Ventura](/source/Yordano_Ventura), Dominican baseball player (died 2017)
- [1992](/source/1992) – [Dilraba Dilmurat](/source/Dilraba_Dilmurat), Chinese actress[66]
- 1992 – [Mario Götze](/source/Mario_G%C3%B6tze), German footballer
- 1992 - [Jade Cargill](/source/Jade_Cargill), American professional wrestler[67]
- [1993](/source/1993) – [Otto Porter Jr.](/source/Otto_Porter_Jr.), American basketball player[68]
- [1994](/source/1994) – [Harrison Bader](/source/Harrison_Bader), American baseball player[69]
- [1997](/source/1997) – [Louis Hofmann](/source/Louis_Hofmann), German actor[70]
- [1998](/source/1998) – [Sam Curran](/source/Sam_Curran), English cricketer[71]
- [1999](/source/1999) – [Cameron Green](/source/Cameron_Green), Australian cricketer[72]
- 1999 – [Dzhem Yamenov](/source/Dzhem_Yamenov), Bulgarian politician[73]
- [2000](/source/2000) – [Beabadoobee](/source/Beabadoobee), Filipino singer-songwriter[74]
- [2001](/source/2001) – [Jalen Suggs](/source/Jalen_Suggs), American basketball player[75]
- [2002](/source/2002) – [Tyrell Sloan](/source/Tyrell_Sloan), Australian rugby league player[76]
- [2005](/source/2005) – [Désiré Doué](/source/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Dou%C3%A9), French footballer[77]
- [2008](/source/2008) – [Sutee Mcateer](/source/Sutee_Mcateer), Keilor Basketball Association Player[78]

## Deaths

### Pre-1600

- [628](/source/628) – [Liang Shidu](/source/Liang_Shidu), Chinese rebel leader[79]
- [734](/source/734) – [Simeon of the Olives](/source/Simeon_of_the_Olives), Syriac bishop of [Harran](/source/Harran)[80][81]
- [800](/source/800) – [Staurakios](/source/Staurakios_(eunuch)), Byzantine general[82]
- [1052](/source/1052) – Prince [Guaimar IV of Salerno](/source/Guaimar_IV_of_Salerno)[83]
- [1397](/source/1397) – [William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury](/source/William_de_Montagu,_2nd_Earl_of_Salisbury), English commander (born 1328)
- [1411](/source/1411) – [Leopold IV, Duke of Austria](/source/Leopold_IV,_Duke_of_Austria) (born 1371)
- [1453](/source/1453) – [Loukas Notaras](/source/Loukas_Notaras), last [megas doux](/source/Megas_doux) of the Byzantine Empire
- [1511](/source/1511) – [Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah](/source/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Jum'ah), Islamic scholar, author of the [Oran fatwa](/source/Oran_fatwa)[84]
- [1548](/source/1548) – [Juan de Zumárraga](/source/Juan_de_Zum%C3%A1rraga), Spanish-Mexican archbishop (born 1468)
- [1553](/source/1553) – [Wolf Huber](/source/Wolf_Huber), Austrian painter, printmaker and architect (born 1485)
- [1594](/source/1594) – [John Aylmer](/source/John_Aylmer_(bishop)), English bishop and scholar (born 1521)

### 1601–1900

- [1615](/source/1615) – [Sanada Yukimura](/source/Sanada_Yukimura), Japanese samurai (born 1567)
- [1640](/source/1640) – [Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk](/source/Theophilus_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk), English politician, [Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports](/source/Lord_Warden_of_the_Cinque_Ports) (born 1584)
- [1649](/source/1649) – [Manuel de Faria e Sousa](/source/Manuel_de_Faria_e_Sousa), Portuguese historian and poet (born 1590)
- [1657](/source/1657) – [William Harvey](/source/William_Harvey), English physician and academic (born 1578)[85]
- [1659](/source/1659) – [Morgan Llwyd](/source/Morgan_Llwyd), Welsh minister and poet (born 1619)
- [1780](/source/1780) – [Thomas Hutchinson](/source/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)), American businessman and politician, [Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay](/source/Governor_of_the_Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay) (born 1711)
- [1826](/source/1826) – [Nikolay Karamzin](/source/Nikolay_Karamzin), Russian historian and poet (born 1766)
- [1858](/source/1858) – [Julius Reubke](/source/Julius_Reubke), German pianist and composer (born 1834)
- [1861](/source/1861) – [Stephen A. Douglas](/source/Stephen_A._Douglas), American lawyer and politician, 7th [Secretary of State of Illinois](/source/Secretary_of_State_of_Illinois) (born 1813)
- [1865](/source/1865) – [Okada Izō](/source/Okada_Iz%C5%8D), Japanese samurai (born 1838)
- [1875](/source/1875) – [Georges Bizet](/source/Georges_Bizet), French pianist and composer (born 1838)
- [1877](/source/1877) – [Ludwig Ritter von Köchel](/source/Ludwig_Ritter_von_K%C3%B6chel), Austrian botanist, composer, and publisher (born 1800)
- [1882](/source/1882) – [Christian Wilberg](/source/Christian_Wilberg), German painter and illustrator (born 1839)
- [1894](/source/1894) – [Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal](/source/Karl_Eduard_Zachariae_von_Lingenthal), German lawyer and jurist (born 1812)
- [1899](/source/1899) – [Johann Strauss II](/source/Johann_Strauss_II), Austrian composer and educator (born 1825)
- [1900](/source/1900) – [Mary Kingsley](/source/Mary_Kingsley), English explorer and author (born 1862)

### 1901–present

- [1902](/source/1902) – [Vital-Justin Grandin](/source/Vital-Justin_Grandin), French-Canadian bishop and missionary (born 1829)
- [1906](/source/1906) – [John Maxwell](/source/John_Maxwell_(golfer)), American golfer (born 1871)
- [1921](/source/1921) – [Coenraad Hiebendaal](/source/Coenraad_Hiebendaal), Dutch rower and physician (born 1879)
- [1924](/source/1924) – [Franz Kafka](/source/Franz_Kafka), Czech-Austrian lawyer and author (born 1883)[86]
- [1928](/source/1928) – [Li Yuanhong](/source/Li_Yuanhong), Chinese general and politician, 2nd [President of the Republic of China](/source/President_of_the_Republic_of_China) (born 1864)
- [1933](/source/1933) – [William Muldoon](/source/William_Muldoon), American wrestler (born 1852)
- [1938](/source/1938) – [John Flanagan](/source/John_Flanagan_(hammer_thrower)), Irish-American hammer thrower and [tug of war](/source/Tug_of_war) competitor (born 1873)
- [1946](/source/1946) – [Mikhail Kalinin](/source/Mikhail_Kalinin), Russian civil servant and politician (born 1875)
- [1963](/source/1963) – [Edmond Decottignies](/source/Edmond_Decottignies), French weightlifter (born 1893)
- 1963 – [Pope John XXIII](/source/Pope_John_XXIII) (born 1881)
- 1963 – [Nâzım Hikmet](/source/N%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Hikmet), Turkish poet, author, and playwright (born 1902)[87]
- 1963 – [Samuel Rocke](/source/Samuel_Rocke), Australian politician who served as an [independent](/source/Independent_politician) member of the [Legislative Assembly](/source/Western_Australian_Legislative_Assembly) of [Western Australia](/source/Western_Australia) (born 1874)[88]
- [1964](/source/1964) – [Kâzım Orbay](/source/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Orbay), Turkish general and politician, 9th [Turkish Speaker of the Parliament](/source/List_of_Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Turkey) (born 1887)
- 1964 – [Frans Eemil Sillanpää](/source/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4), Finnish author and academic, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature) laureate (born 1888)
- [1969](/source/1969) – [George Edwin Cooke](/source/George_Edwin_Cooke), American soccer player (born 1883)
- [1970](/source/1970) – [Hjalmar Schacht](/source/Hjalmar_Schacht), Danish-German economist, banker, and politician (born 1877)
- [1971](/source/1971) – [Heinz Hopf](/source/Heinz_Hopf), German-Swiss mathematician and academic (born 1894)
- [1973](/source/1973) – [Jean Batmale](/source/Jean_Batmale), French footballer and manager (born 1895)
- 1974 – [Michael Gaughan](/source/Michael_Gaughan_(Irish_republican)), [Irish Republican](/source/Irish_republicanism) died on hunger strike (born 1949)[89]
- [1975](/source/1975) – [Ozzie Nelson](/source/Ozzie_Nelson), American actor and bandleader (born 1906)
- 1975 – [Eisaku Satō](/source/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D), Japanese and politician, [Prime Minister of Japan](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Japan) (born 1901)[90]
- [1977](/source/1977) – [Archibald Hill](/source/Archibald_Hill), English physiologist and politician, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) laureate (born 1886)
- 1977 – [Roberto Rossellini](/source/Roberto_Rossellini), Italian director and screenwriter (born 1906)
- [1981](/source/1981) – [Carleton S. Coon](/source/Carleton_S._Coon), American anthropologist and academic (born 1904)
- [1986](/source/1986) – [Anna Neagle](/source/Anna_Neagle), English actress and singer (born 1904)
- [1987](/source/1987) – [Will Sampson](/source/Will_Sampson), American actor and painter (born 1933)
- [1989](/source/1989) – [Ruhollah Khomeini](/source/Ruhollah_Khomeini), Iranian religious leader and politician, 1st [Supreme Leader of Iran](/source/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran) (born 1900)
- [1990](/source/1990) – [Robert Noyce](/source/Robert_Noyce), American physicist and businessman, co-founded the [Intel Corporation](/source/Intel_Corporation) (born 1927)
- [1991](/source/1991) – [Brian Bevan](/source/Brian_Bevan), Australian rugby league player (born 1924)
- 1991 – [Katia Krafft](/source/Katia_Krafft), French volcanologist and geologist (born 1942)
- 1991 – [Maurice Krafft](/source/Maurice_Krafft), French volcanologist and geologist (born 1946)
- 1991 – [Lê Văn Thiêm](/source/L%C3%AA_V%C4%83n_Thi%C3%AAm), Vietnamese mathematician and academic (born 1918)
- [1992](/source/1992) – [Robert Morley](/source/Robert_Morley), English actor and screenwriter (born 1908)
- [1993](/source/1993) – [Yeoh Ghim Seng](/source/Yeoh_Ghim_Seng), Singaporean politician, acting [President of Singapore](/source/President_of_Singapore) (born 1918)
- [1994](/source/1994) – [Puig Aubert](/source/Puig_Aubert), German-French rugby player and coach (born 1925)
- [1997](/source/1997) – [Dennis James](/source/Dennis_James), American actor and game show host (born 1917)
- [2001](/source/2001) – [Anthony Quinn](/source/Anthony_Quinn), Mexican-American actor and producer (born 1915)
- [2002](/source/2002) – [Lew Wasserman](/source/Lew_Wasserman), American talent agent and manager (born 1913)
- [2003](/source/2003) – [Felix de Weldon](/source/Felix_de_Weldon), Austrian-American sculptor, designed the [Marine Corps War Memorial](/source/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial) (born 1907)
- [2005](/source/2005) – [Harold Cardinal](/source/Harold_Cardinal), Canadian lawyer and politician (born 1945)
- [2006](/source/2006) – [Clinton Jones](/source/Clinton_Jones_(priest)), American Episcopal priest and gay rights activist (born 1916)[91]
- [2009](/source/2009) – [David Carradine](/source/David_Carradine), American actor (born 1936)
- 2009 – [Koko Taylor](/source/Koko_Taylor), American singer (born 1928)
- [2010](/source/2010) – [Rue McClanahan](/source/Rue_McClanahan), American actress (born 1934)[92]
- [2011](/source/2011) – [James Arness](/source/James_Arness), American actor and producer (born 1923)[93]
- 2011 – [Andrew Gold](/source/Andrew_Gold), American singer, songwriter, musician and arranger (born 1951)[94]
- 2011 – [Bhajan Lal](/source/Bhajan_Lal_Bishnoi), Indian politician, 6th [Chief Minister of Haryana](/source/Chief_Minister_of_Haryana) (born 1930)
- 2011 – [Jack Kevorkian](/source/Jack_Kevorkian), American pathologist, author, and activist (born 1928)[95]
- 2011 – [Jan van Roessel](/source/Jan_van_Roessel), Dutch footballer (born 1925)
- [2012](/source/2012) – [Carol Ann Abrams](/source/Carol_Ann_Abrams), American producer, author, and academic (born 1942)
- 2012 – [Roy Salvadori](/source/Roy_Salvadori), English racing driver and manager (born 1922)[96]
- 2012 – [Brian Talboys](/source/Brian_Talboys), New Zealand journalist and politician, 7th [Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand](/source/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand) (born 1921)[97]
- [2013](/source/2013) – [Atul Chitnis](/source/Atul_Chitnis), German-Indian technologist and journalist (born 1962)
- 2013 – [Józef Czyrek](/source/J%C3%B3zef_Czyrek), Polish economist and politician, [Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs](/source/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Poland)) (born 1928)
- 2013 – [Frank Lautenberg](/source/Frank_Lautenberg), American soldier and politician (born 1924)
- [2014](/source/2014) – [Svyatoslav Belza](/source/Svyatoslav_Belza), Russian journalist, author, and critic (born 1942)
- 2014 – [Gopinath Munde](/source/Gopinath_Munde), Indian politician, 3rd [Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra](/source/Deputy_Chief_Minister_of_Maharashtra) (born 1949)
- [2015](/source/2015) – [Avi Beker](/source/Avi_Beker), Israeli political scientist and academic (born 1951)[98]
- [2016](/source/2016) – [Muhammad Ali](/source/Muhammad_Ali), American boxer (born 1942)[99]
- [2021](/source/2021) – [F. Lee Bailey](/source/F._Lee_Bailey), American attorney (born 1933)[100]
- [2024](/source/2024) – [Brigitte Bierlein](/source/Brigitte_Bierlein), former Austrian chancellor (born 1949)[101]
- 2024 – [William Russell](/source/William_Russell_(English_actor)), English actor (born 1924)[102]
- [2025](/source/2025) – [Jim Marshall](/source/Jim_Marshall_(defensive_end)), American football player (born 1937)[103]
- 2025 – [Shigeo Nagashima](/source/Shigeo_Nagashima), Japanese baseball player and manager (born 1936)[104]
- 2025 – [Edmund White](/source/Edmund_White), American novelist, memoirist and essayist (born 1940)[105]

## Holidays and observances

- Christian [feast day](/source/Feast_day): - [Charles Lwanga](/source/Charles_Lwanga) and [Companions](/source/Uganda_Martyrs) ([Roman Catholic Church](/source/Roman_Catholic_Church))[106], and its related observances: - [Martyrs' Day](/source/Martyrs'_Day) (Uganda) - [Clotilde](/source/Clotilde)[106] - [Blessed](/source/Beatification) [Francis Ingleby](/source/Francis_Ingleby)[106] - [Juan Grande Román](/source/Juan_Grande_Rom%C3%A1n)[106] - [Kevin of Glendalough](/source/Kevin_of_Glendalough) - [Ovidius](/source/Auditus_of_Braga) - [Vladimirskaya](/source/Theotokos_of_Vladimir) ([Russian Orthodox](/source/Russian_Orthodox)) - [June 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)](/source/June_3_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics))
- [Confederate Memorial Day](/source/Confederate_Memorial_Day) ([Kentucky](/source/Kentucky), and [Tennessee](/source/Tennessee), United States)
- [Economist day](/source/Commerce_Consulate_of_Buenos_Aires) ([Buenos Aires](/source/Buenos_Aires), Argentina)
- [Mabo Day](/source/Mabo_Day) (Australia)
- [Opium Suppression Movement Day](/source/Opium_Suppression_Movement_Day) ([Taiwan](/source/Taiwan))
- [World Bicycle Day](/source/World_Bicycle_Day)[107]

## References

1. Samuel N. C. Lieu & Dominic Montserrat (1996). [*From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views : a Source History*](https://books.google.com/books?id=XnTNWtBmhv8C&pg=PA210). Psychology Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-415-09335-4.

1. Oliver Nicholson (19 April 2018). [*The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity*](https://books.google.com/books?id=A09WDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1185). OUP Oxford. p. 1185. ISBN 978-0-19-256246-3.

1. Holt, Peter Malclm (2004). *The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098-1291*. Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-36931-3.

1. Gillingham, John (2002). *Anglo-Norman Studies 24: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2001*. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. p. 106. ISBN 9780851158860.

1. Frank Noel Stagg (1952). *North Norway, a History*. Allen & Unwin. p. 62.

1. Lawrence A. Clayton; Edward C. Moore; Vernon James Knight (30 May 1995). [*The De Soto Chronicles Vol 1 & 2: The Expedition of Hernando de Soto to North America in 1539-1543*](https://books.google.com/books?id=WCPkAV8a2B0C&pg=PA186). University of Alabama Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-8173-0824-7.

1. Rodger, N.A.M. (17 November 1999). [*The Safeguard of the Sea*](https://books.google.com/books?id=FNKKupCv4VwC&q=1602+leveson+carrack&pg=RA3-PR35). W. W. Norton & Company. p. 292. ISBN 978-0-393-31960-6.

1. [*Canadian Social Trends*](https://books.google.com/books?id=U25-XeXgGhAC). Statistics Canada = Statistique Canada. 2006. p. 62.

1. Cannon, John Ashton (2009). ["Lowestoft, battle of, 1665"](https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Dictionary_of_British_History/nU32UZQ8o3wC). *A Dictionary of British History*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955038-8. Retrieved 24 May 2026.

1. Historical Archive of the City of Barcelona: ["Obras varias en verso y prosa. De los académicos de la Academia Desconfiada de la ciudad de Barcelona. Recogidas de orden de la muy ilustre Academia por don Pablo Ignacio de Dalmases y Ros, su archivero y académico"](https://catalegarxiumunicipal.bcn.cat/ms-opac/permalink/1@571040)

1. Newton, Alfred (1861). ["Abstract of Mr. J. Wolley's Researches in Iceland respecting the Gare-fowl or Great Auk (Alea impennis, Linn.)"](https://zenodo.org/record/1447659). *Ibis*. **3** (4): 374–399. [doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1861.tb08857.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1861.tb08857.x)

1. Reardon, Carol (October 2019). *The Gettysburg Campaign*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–226. ISBN 9781316563168.

1. [*Historical Album of Orleans County, N.Y.*](https://books.google.com/books?id=aMsTnCyh4qMC&pg=PA134-IA4). Sanford. 1879. p. 134.

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## External links

- ["On This Day"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/3). BBC.
- ["Historical Events on June 3"](https://www.onthisday.com/events/june/3). OnThisDay.com.

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [June 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_3) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_3?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.