# Julius Penn

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{{short description|United States Army general}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=Julius A. Penn
|image=Julius A. Penn Jr. (U.S. Army general).jpg
|caption=Brigadier General Julius Penn, from the 1935 report of the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy.
|nickname= Pennie
|birth_date={{birth date|1865|02|19}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1934|05|13|1865|02|19}}
|birth_place=[Mattoon, Illinois](/source/Mattoon%2C_Illinois)
|death_place=[Batavia, Ohio](/source/Batavia%2C_Ohio)
|burial_place=Batavia Union Cemetery, Batavia, Ohio
|burial_label=Place of burial
|allegiance={{flag|United States}}
|branch=25px [United States Army](/source/United_States_Army)
|service_years=1886–1924
|service_number=0-184
|rank=25px [Brigadier General](/source/Brigadier_general_(United_States))
|unit=[United States Army Infantry Branch](/source/Infantry_Branch_(United_States))
|commands=*2nd Battalion, 34th U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiment
*Provisional Battalion, [7th Infantry Regiment](/source/7th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States))
*Provisional Battalion, [12th Infantry Regiment](/source/12th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States))
*[3rd Infantry Regiment](/source/3rd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States))
*[37th Infantry Regiment](/source/37th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States))
*[170th Infantry Brigade](/source/170th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)), [85th Division](/source/85th_Infantry_Division_(United_States))
*Personnel Bureau, [American Expeditionary Forces](/source/American_Expeditionary_Forces) Headquarters
*[76th Infantry Brigade](/source/76th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_(United_States)), [38th Division](/source/38th_Infantry_Division_(United_States))
*[Camp Zachary Taylor](/source/Camp_Zachary_Taylor), [Kentucky](/source/Kentucky)
*U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, [Governors Island](/source/Governors_Island), [New York](/source/New_York_(state))
|battles=[American Indian Wars](/source/American_Indian_Wars)<br/>[Spanish–American War](/source/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War)<br/>[Philippine–American War](/source/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War)<br/>[Pancho Villa Expedition](/source/Pancho_Villa_Expedition)<br/>[World War I](/source/World_War_I)
|awards=[Silver Star](/source/Silver_Star)
|relations=[Thomas Q. Ashburn](/source/Thomas_Q._Ashburn_(general)) (Cousin)<br/>[Percy Moreau Ashburn](/source/Percy_Moreau_Ashburn) (Cousin)
}}

'''Julius A. Penn''' (February 19, 1865 – May 13, 1934) was a career officer in the [United States Army](/source/United_States_Army).  He attained the rank of [brigadier general](/source/Brigadier_general_(United_States)) during [World War I](/source/World_War_I), and commanded [170th Infantry Brigade](/source/170th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)), [85th Division](/source/85th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)) and [76th Infantry Brigade](/source/76th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_(United_States)), [38th Division](/source/38th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)), in addition to serving as Chief of the Personnel Bureau for the [American Expeditionary Forces](/source/American_Expeditionary_Forces).

The son of a [Union Army](/source/Union_Army) veteran of the [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War), Penn was born in [Mattoon, Illinois](/source/Mattoon%2C_Illinois), and raised in [Batavia, Ohio](/source/Batavia%2C_Ohio).  He graduated from the [United States Military Academy](/source/United_States_Military_Academy) in 1886, and was a classmate and close friend of [John J. Pershing](/source/John_J._Pershing).  After graduation, he served in the Western United States as a member of the [13th](/source/13th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)) and [2nd](/source/2nd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)) Infantry Regiments, and he was an 1891 graduate of the Infantry and Cavalry School, the predecessor of the [Command and General Staff College](/source/United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College).  During the [Spanish–American War](/source/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War), Penn served as a quartermaster officer at Camp George H. Thomas, Georgia and the Tampa mobilization point before contracting typhoid. After recovering, he was assigned to the Philippines, where he commanded 2nd Battalion, 34th Infantry.  Penn's post-war assignments included service with the [7th Infantry](/source/7th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)) in the [Philippines](/source/Philippines), aide to General [Henry Clark Corbin](/source/Henry_Clark_Corbin), and commander of provisional battalions in the 7th and [12th Infantry](/source/12th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)) Regiments.  He was a 1907 graduate of the [Army War College](/source/United_States_Army_War_College), and during the [Pancho Villa Expedition](/source/Pancho_Villa_Expedition), Penn commanded the [3rd Infantry Regiment](/source/3rd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)) in [Texas](/source/Texas).

Penn was promoted to [brigadier general](/source/Brigadier_general_(United_States)) at the start of [World War I](/source/World_War_I), and he served successively as commander of [170th Infantry Brigade](/source/170th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)), [85th Division](/source/85th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)), Chief of the [American Expeditionary Forces](/source/American_Expeditionary_Forces) Personnel Bureau, and commander of [76th Infantry Brigade](/source/76th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_(United_States)), [38th Division](/source/38th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)). He served on the staff of the Adjutant General of the Army following the war, then commanded the US Disciplinary Barracks at Governors Island, New York until retiring in 1924.  In 1934, Penn was decorated with the [Silver Star](/source/Silver_Star) for heroism while assigned to the 34th Infantry in the Philippines.

A lifelong bachelor, in retirement, Penn resided with his sister in Batavia.  He died in Batavia on May 13, 1934, and was buried at Batavia Union Cemetery.

==Early life==
Julius Augustus Penn Jr. was born in [Mattoon, Illinois](/source/Mattoon%2C_Illinois), on February 19, 1865,{{sfn|''1886-1911''|page=166}} the son of Julius A. Penn (1818-1882) and Mary (Brock) Penn.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=132}}  The senior Penn was an attorney who had known [Ulysses S. Grant](/source/Ulysses_S._Grant) during Grant's youth in Ohio.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|pages=132-133}}  At the start of the [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War), he recruited and organized Company D, [22nd Ohio Infantry](/source/22nd_Ohio_Infantry), which he commanded as a [captain](/source/Captain_(United_States)).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=132}}  He was later promoted to [major](/source/Major_(United_States)) on the regimental staff, and served until the end of the war.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=132}}

The younger Penn graduated from [Batavia High School](/source/Batavia_High_School_(Ohio)) in 1881, the school's first graduating class.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}} He then took a competitive examination for appointment to the [United States Military Academy](/source/United_States_Military_Academy) (West Point) by his district's Congressman, [Henry Lee Morey](/source/Henry_Lee_Morey).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}} Penn finished first among 30 applicants, but was too young to begin classes, so the appointment went to the second-place finisher.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}}  The second-place finisher failed his midterm examination in January 1882 and Penn, who would be old enough for admission after he turned seventeen in February, successfully petitioned for the appointment.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}}

==Start of career==
Penn graduated from West Point in 1886, ranked 69th of 77, and was commissioned as a [second lieutenant](/source/Second_lieutenant) in the [13th Infantry](/source/13th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}} Penn formed a lifelong friendship with classmate [John J. Pershing](/source/John_J._Pershing), and after fellow Army officer [Richard B. Paddock](/source/Richard_B._Paddock) married Pershing's sister Grace, Pershing, Paddock and Penn socialized extensively while assigned to [Fort Stanton](/source/Fort_Stanton_(New_Mexico)), [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico).{{sfn|''Pershing: Commander of the Great War''|page=19}}  They hired a cook to grow vegetables and prepare meals for all three, and went on extensive hunting and fishing trips, which led to them being dubbed “The Three Green Ps”.{{sfn|''Pershing: Commander of the Great War''|page=19}}

While in New Mexico, Penn participated in an 1886 expedition against members of the [Jicarilla Apache](/source/Jicarilla_Apache) band, who were resisting attempts to be settled on a reservation.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  In 1887, he was involved in an expedition against members of the [Mescalero](/source/Mescalero) tribe who had left their reservation.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}

During the early years of his career, Penn served throughout the Western United States, including postings to [Oklahoma](/source/Oklahoma), [Wyoming](/source/Wyoming) and [Idaho](/source/Idaho).{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  He graduated from the Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth in 1891 (now the [Command and General Staff College](/source/United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College)), and his thesis on mounted infantry was published in the ''Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States''.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}}  After graduation, he was assigned to the [2nd Infantry](/source/2nd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)) and in addition to his regular duties he was assigned to [Omaha High School](/source/Omaha_Central_High_School) as an instructor in military tactics for the school's corps of cadets.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  In 1894, he was in [Butte, Montana](/source/Butte%2C_Montana), as part of the Army's response to labor unrest during the [Pullman Strike](/source/Pullman_Strike).{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  In 1895, he took part [in an expedition](/source/Bannock_War_of_1895) against the [Bannock Indians](/source/Bannock_people), which was organized after false reports of an imminent uprising at the Bannock reservation in Wyoming.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}

==Spanish–American War==
Penn was the 2nd Infantry's quartermaster from 1896 to 1897, and adjutant from 1897 to 1898.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  During the summer of 1898, he performed quartermaster duties for soldiers mustering and training at [Camp George H. Thomas](/source/Chickamauga_and_Chattanooga_National_Military_Park), [Georgia](/source/Georgia_(U.S._state)) and departing by ship from [Tampa, Florida](/source/Tampa%2C_Florida), for service in [Cuba](/source/Cuba), including: [Hamilton S. Hawkins](/source/Hamilton_S._Hawkins)’s Provisional Brigade; 1st Division, [Seventh Corps](/source/Seventh_Army_Corps_(Spanish%E2%80%93American_War)); 1st Brigade, Provisional Division, [Fifth Corps](/source/Fifth_Army_Corps_(Spanish%E2%80%93American_War)); 3rd Division, [Fourth Corps](/source/Fourth_Army_Corps_(Spanish%E2%80%93American_War)); and quartermaster in charge of ship transport at the Port of Tampa.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}

Penn became ill with typhoid in September and was granted several weeks of leave to recover.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  From October 1898 to July 1899, he served on the West Point faculty as an assistant instructor of tactics.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}

==Philippine–American War==
In July 1899, Penn was promoted to temporary [major](/source/Major_(United_States)) and assigned to the newly-organized 34th U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiment.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  Selected to command the regiment's 2nd Battalion, he was posted to [Fort Logan](/source/Fort_Logan) and spent the summer recruiting soldiers from [Colorado](/source/Colorado), [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico), and [Arizona](/source/Arizona).{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}

Penn's regiment arrived in the [Philippines](/source/Philippines) in October 1899 and took part in [Arthur MacArthur Jr.](/source/Arthur_MacArthur_Jr.)’s expedition near [Dagupan](/source/Dagupan) that attempted to capture [Emilio Aguinaldo](/source/Emilio_Aguinaldo).{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  In November and December 1899, he took part in [Samuel B. M. Young](/source/Samuel_B._M._Young)’s operations in [Northern Luzon](/source/Northern_Luzon), which resulted in the freeing of over 2,000 Spanish prisoners, as well as several U.S. Navy sailors and American civilians.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}

==Continued career==
Penn's subsequent assignments in the Philippines included acting inspector general for the 5th District (Northern Luzon), commander of a battalion in the 7th Infantry, adjutant of the 6th Separate Brigade, adjutant of the [7th Infantry Regiment](/source/7th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)), and recruiting duty in the United States.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  From November 1904 to April 1906, Penn served as [aide-de-camp](/source/aide-de-camp) to [Henry Clark Corbin](/source/Henry_Clark_Corbin) while Corbin was commander of the [Philippine Division](/source/Philippine_Division_(United_States)), as well as performing duty as the division's inspector of small arms practice.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  When Corbin was promoted to [lieutenant general](/source/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)) in April 1906, Penn was promoted to temporary [lieutenant colonel](/source/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)) and served as his military secretary until Corbin retired in September.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}

In September 1906, Penn reverted to his permanent rank of [captain](/source/Captain_(United_States_O-3)) and was assigned to the Army staff at the [War Department](/source/United_States_Department_of_War).{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  While on the Army staff, Penn performed duty as chief of staff for Brigadier General Theodore Wint during Wint's command of the Army's base of operations at [Newport News, Virginia](/source/Newport_News%2C_Virginia).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}  He next attended the [Army War College](/source/United_States_Army_War_College) (1906-1907), followed by duty as an inspector of Army service schools and colleges (1907-1909).{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}  In 1910, Penn returned to the Philippines to serve as adjutant of the Department of Luzon, after which he served as adjutant of the [12th Infantry Regiment](/source/12th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)) at [Fort William McKinley](/source/Fort_Bonifacio) and commander of a provisional battalion.{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}

In 1911, Penn was assigned as inspector and instructor of the [Nebraska Militia](/source/Nebraska_Army_National_Guard).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}  In 1914, he was posted to [Hawaii](/source/Hawaii) as adjutant of the [1st Infantry Regiment](/source/1st_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}

==Pancho Villa Expedition==
In 1916, Penn was promoted to [colonel](/source/Colonel_(United_States)) and assigned as commander of the [3rd Infantry Regiment](/source/3rd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)) at [Madison Barracks](/source/Madison_Barracks), [New York](/source/New_York_(state)).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}  When the regiment was dispatched to [Texas](/source/Texas) during the [Pancho Villa Expedition](/source/Pancho_Villa_Expedition), Penn commanded it as it patrolled the Texas-[Mexico](/source/Mexico) border from bases at [Fort Sam Houston](/source/Fort_Sam_Houston) and [Camp Eagle Pass](/source/Eagle_Pass%2C_Texas).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}

When the Army began to expand in anticipation of U.S. entry into [World War I](/source/World_War_I), Penn was assigned command the newly-organized [37th Infantry Regiment](/source/37th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)), which he equipped and trained at [Fort Sam Houston](/source/Fort_Sam_Houston).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}

==World War I==
[[File:Ceremonies - Camp Bowie thru Camp Forest - Major General Kennedy and Brigadier General Penn, U.S.A., reviewing troops at Camp Custer, Michigan - NARA - 26422251 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Major General [Chase Wilmot Kennedy](/source/Chase_Wilmot_Kennedy) and Brigadier General Penn reviewing troops at Camp Custer, Michigan, May 1918.]]

After the [American entry into World War I](/source/American_entry_into_World_War_I), Penn was assigned to the headquarters staff of the Army's Central Department, based in [Chicago](/source/Chicago), and performed inspections of military bases and training facilities.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}

thumb|right|Penn second from left (beard and mustache) at opening of 1500th YMCA Center in France, November 10, 1918.

In August 1917, Penn was promoted to temporary [brigadier general](/source/Brigadier_general_(United_States)) and appointed to command the [170th Brigade](/source/170th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)), a unit of the [85th Division](/source/85th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}  After organizing and training his brigade at [Camp Custer](/source/Fort_Custer_Training_Center), [Michigan](/source/Michigan), Penn led it to [France](/source/France) in the summer of 1918.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}

Upon arrival in France, Penn was assigned to the [American Expeditionary Forces](/source/American_Expeditionary_Forces) headquarters as Chief of the Personnel Division and as an observer with the [2nd Division](/source/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)) during the [Meuse-Argonne Offensive](/source/Meuse-Argonne_Offensive).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}  He was then assigned as commander of [76th Brigade](/source/76th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_(United_States)), [38th Division](/source/38th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)).

In December 1918, a month after the [Armistice with Germany](/source/Armistice_of_11_November_1918) which ended hostilities, Penn returned to the United States and served as commander of [Camp Zachary Taylor](/source/Camp_Zachary_Taylor), [Kentucky](/source/Kentucky).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=134}}

==Post-World War I==
Following World War I, Penn reverted to his permanent rank of colonel.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}}  He served in the office of the [Army adjutant general](/source/List_of_Adjutants_General_of_the_U.S._Army) as head of the War Prisoners section and then the General Prisoners section, and was responsible for supervising individuals incarcerated during the war as conscientious objectors and deserters.{{sfn|''Biographical Register''|page=248}}

In 1922, Penn was assigned as adjutant of the [Third Corps Area](/source/Corps_area) at [Fort Howard](/source/Fort_Howard_(Maryland)), [Maryland](/source/Maryland),{{sfn|''Biographical Register''|page=248}} and in the summer of that year performed additional duty as honorary aide-de-camp to President [Warren G. Harding](/source/Warren_G._Harding) in Ohio during celebrations to commemorate the 100th anniversary of [Ulysses S. Grant](/source/Ulysses_S._Grant)’s birth.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=137}}  From 1922 to 1924, Penn was commandant of the U.S. Disciplinary Barracks at [Governors Island](/source/Governors_Island), New York.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}}  Penn became ill in late 1924 and retired in December as the result of his disabilities.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}}

==Retirement==
In retirement, Penn returned to [Batavia, Ohio](/source/Batavia%2C_Ohio), where he lived in the Penn family home with his sister Jennie.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=137}}  He was active in the local [Methodist church](/source/United_Methodist_Church) and several civic and fraternal organizations.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=137}}  Penn attained the 32nd Degree in the [Scottish Rite](/source/Scottish_Rite) Masons, and maintained Masonic memberships including the lodge at [Sackets Harbor, New York](/source/Sackets_Harbor%2C_New_York), the Army Square Club on Governors Island, and the Scottish Rite Valley of [Columbus, Ohio](/source/Columbus%2C_Ohio).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=137}}  By virtue of his Philippines service, Penn was a member of the [Military Order of the Carabao](/source/Military_Order_of_the_Carabao).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=137}}

A lifelong bachelor, Penn was reportedly unusually generous with friends and relatives, including fully financing the college educations of his sister and several women in Batavia, as well as providing partial financing for numerous others.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=136}}  In 1930, [Congress](/source/United_States_Congress) passed legislation allowing general officers from World War I to retire at the highest rank they had held, and Penn was restored to brigadier general on the army's retired list.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=133}}{{sfn|''Biographical Register''|page=248}}

==Death and burial==
Penn died in Batavia on May 13, 1934.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=132}}  He was buried at Batavia Union Cemetery.{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=137}}

==Effective dates of promotion==
Penn's dates of rank were:{{sfn|''1886-1911''|pages=165-166}}{{sfn|''Biographical Register''|page=248}}{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|pages=132-137}}

*[Second Lieutenant](/source/Second_lieutenant) (Regular Army), July 1, 1886
*[First Lieutenant](/source/First_lieutenant) (Regular Army), July 29, 1893
*[Captain](/source/Captain_(United_States)) (Volunteer), May 30, 1898
*[Major](/source/Major_(United_States)) (Volunteer), July 1, 1899
*[Captain](/source/Captain_(United_States)) (Regular Army), November 17, 1904
*[Lieutenant Colonel](/source/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)) (Volunteer), April 24, 1906
*[Captain](/source/Captain_(United_States)) (Regular Army), September 17, 1906
*[Major](/source/Major_(United_States)) (Regular Army), August 10, 1909
*[Lieutenant Colonel](/source/Colonel_(United_States)) (Regular Army), October 7, 1915
*[Colonel](/source/Colonel_(United_States)) (Regular Army), March 2, 1917
*[Brigadier General](/source/Brigadier_general_(United_States)) (National Army), August 5, 1917
*[Colonel](/source/Colonel_(United_States)) (Regular Army), March 1, 1919
*[Colonel](/source/Colonel_(United_States)) (Retired List), December 5, 1924
*[Brigadier General](/source/Brigadier_general_(United_States)) (Retired List), June 21, 1930

==Awards==
In 1934, Penn was a recipient of the [Silver Star](/source/Silver_Star) for heroism in the December 1899 Northern Luzon engagements that resulted in the liberation of several U.S. Navy sailors and American civilians who had been held prisoner by Filipino insurgents.{{sfn|''Biographical Register''|page=248}}  His awards included:{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=135}}

* 60px [Silver Star](/source/Silver_Star)
* 60px [Spanish War Service Medal](/source/Spanish_War_Service_Medal)
* 60px [Mexican Border Service Medal](/source/Mexican_Border_Service_Medal)
* 60px [World War I Victory Medal](/source/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_(United_States))

==Family==
Penn was a cousin of Major General [Thomas Q. Ashburn](/source/Thomas_Q._Ashburn_(general)) and Colonel [Percy Moreau Ashburn](/source/Percy_Moreau_Ashburn).{{sfn|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''|page=137}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last=Andrews |first=Avery Delano |date=1911 |title=1886-1911: In Commemoration of the 25th Anniversary of Graduation of the Class of '86, U.S.M.A. West Point, June, 1911 |url=https://archive.org/details/18861911incommem00usmirich/page/n9 |location=Philadelphia, PA |publisher=The Holmes Press |author-link=Avery D. Andrews |ref={{sfnRef|''1886-1911''}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy |date=1935 |title=Sixty-Sixth Annual Report |url=http://digital-library.usma.edu/cdm/pageflip/collection/aogreunion/id/18194/type/compoundobject/filename/print/page/download/start/134/pftype/pdf |location=Newburgh, NY |publisher=Moore Printing Company |ref={{sfnRef|''Sixty-Sixth Annual Report''}} |access-date=2019-02-09 |archive-date=2019-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210050034/http://digital-library.usma.edu/cdm/pageflip/collection/aogreunion/id/18194/type/compoundobject/filename/print/page/download/start/134/pftype/pdf |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite book |last1=Cullum |first1=George W. |last2=Donaldson |first2=Wm. H. |date=1930 |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy |volume=Supplement, Volume VII |url=http://digital-library.usma.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16919coll3/id/24660 |location=Crawfordsville, IN and Chicago, IL |publisher=R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company and The Lakeside Press |ref={{sfnRef|''Biographical Register''}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Davis |first=Henry Blaine Jr. |date=1998 |title=Generals in Khaki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJvvAAAAMAAJ |location=Raleigh, NC |publisher=Pentland Press |pages=295–296 |isbn=978-1-57197-088-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Perry |first=John |date=2011 |title=Pershing: Commander of the Great War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_XKpR9vmR0C&pg=PA19 |location=Nashville, TN |publisher=Thomas Nelson, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59555-355-3 |ref={{sfnRef|''Pershing: Commander of the Great War''}}}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Julius Augustus Penn, Jr.}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Penn, Julius}}
Category:1865 births
Category:1934 deaths
Category:United States Army generals
Category:United States Military Academy alumni
Category:United States Army War College alumni
Category:American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
Category:Recipients of the Silver Star
Category:People from Mattoon, Illinois
Category:People from Batavia, Ohio
Category:United States Army generals of World War I
Category:United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
Category:United States Military Academy faculty
Category:Military personnel from Illinois
Category:United States Army personnel of the Indian Wars
Category:United States Army Infantry Branch personnel

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Julius Penn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Penn) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Penn?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.