# Julida

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julida
> Source revision: 1330638622
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{{Short description|Order of millipedes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Julida
| image = Tachypodoiulus niger 1.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Tachypodoiulus niger](/source/Tachypodoiulus_niger)'' ([Julidae](/source/Julidae))
| authority = [Brandt](/source/Johann_Friedrich_von_Brandt), 1833
| subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies
| subdivision = 
*Blaniuloidea
*Juloidea
*Nemasomatoidea
*Paeromopodoidea
*Parajuloidea
|synonyms=Zygocheta <small>Cook, 1895</small><br>
Symphyognatha <small>Verhoeff, 1910</small>
}}
thumb|Unidentified Parajulidae.
'''Julida''' is an [order](/source/order_(biology)) of [millipede](/source/millipede)s. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from {{convert|10|-|120|mm}} in length.<ref>{{cite web|title=Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders|url=http://fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_1.pdf|work=Milli-PEET Identification Tables|publisher=The Field Museum, Chicago|access-date=25 October 2013|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130080602/https://www.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature males of many species, the first pair of legs is modified into hook-like structures.<ref name="Blower 1985">{{cite book|author=J. Gordon Blower|title=Millipedes: Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species|series=Synopses of the British Fauna |publisher=[Linnean Society of London](/source/Linnean_Society_of_London)|year=1985|isbn=978-90-04-07698-3}}</ref> Additionally, both pairs of legs on the 7th body segment of males are modified into [gonopods](/source/gonopod_(millipede)).<ref name="Shelley 1999">{{cite journal|last=Shelley|first=Rowland M.|title=Centipedes and Millipedes with Emphasis on North American Fauna|journal=The Kansas School Naturalist|year=1999|volume=45|issue=3|pages=1–16|url=http://www.emporia.edu/ksn/v45n3-march1999/|access-date=2014-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112025334/http://www.emporia.edu/ksn/v45n3-march1999/|archive-date=2016-11-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Distribution==
Julida contains predominantly [temperate](/source/temperate) species ranging from [North America](/source/North_America) to [Panama](/source/Panama), [Europe](/source/Europe), [Asia](/source/Asia) north of the [Himalayas](/source/Himalayas), [Asir region, Saudi Arabia](/source/'Asir_Region), and [Southeast Asia](/source/Southeast_Asia).<ref>{{cite web|title=Geographic distribution of Millipede Families|url=http://fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_3.pdf|work=Milli-PEET Identification Tables|publisher=The Field Museum, Chicago|access-date=25 October 2013|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130085051/https://www.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Classification==
The order Julida contains approximately 750 species, divided into the following superfamilies and families:<ref>{{cite book |author=William Shear |chapter=Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844 |editor=Z.-Q. Zhang |title=Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness|pages=159–164 |series=''Zootaxa'' 3148 |chapter-url=https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p164.pdf|isbn=978-1-86977-850-7|publisher=Magnolia Press|date=23 December 2011|access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
;Blaniuloidea <small>C. L. Koch, 1847</small>
*[Blaniulidae](/source/Blaniulidae) <small>C. L. Koch, 1847</small>
*[Galliobatidae](/source/Galliobatidae) <small>Brolemann, 1921</small>
*[Okeanobatidae](/source/Okeanobatidae) <small>Verhoeff, 1942</small>
*[Zosteractinidae](/source/Zosteractinidae) <small>Loomis, 1943</small>
;Juloidea <small>Leach, 1814</small>
*[Julidae](/source/Julidae) <small>Leach, 1814</small>
*[Rhopaloiulidae](/source/Rhopaloiulidae) <small>Attems, 1926</small>
*[Trichoblaniulidae](/source/Trichoblaniulidae) <small>Verhoeff, 1911</small>
*[Trichonemasomatidae](/source/Trichonemasomatidae) <small>Enghoff, 1991</small>
;Nemasomatoidea <small>Bollman, 1893</small>
*[Chelojulidae](/source/Chelojulidae) <small>Enghoff, 1991</small>
*[Nemasomatidae](/source/Nemasomatidae) <small>Bollman, 1893</small>
*[Pseudonemasomatidae](/source/Pseudonemasomatidae) <small>Enghoff, 1991</small>
*[Telsonemasomatidae](/source/Telsonemasomatidae) <small>Enghoff, 1991</small>
;Paeromopodoidea <small>Cook, 1895</small>
*[Aprosphylosomatidae](/source/Aprosphylosomatidae) <small>Hoffman, 1961</small>
*[Paeromopodidae](/source/Paeromopodidae) <small>Cook, 1895</small>
;Parajuloidea <small>Bollman, 1893</small>
*[Mongoliulidae](/source/Mongoliulidae) <small>Pocock, 1903</small>
*[Parajulidae](/source/Parajulidae) <small>Bollman, 1893</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
Ilic, B. (2019). Multifaceted activity of millipede secretions:. [online] Web of Science. Available at: http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=6AJXsNVdjIGRrwQybhF&page=1&doc=4 [Accessed 18 Oct. 2019].

==External links==
{{Portal|Arthropods}}
*{{commons category-inline}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline}}
*{{EOL}}

{{Millipedes}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2663101}}

Category:Julida
Category:Millipede orders

{{Julida-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Julida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julida) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julida?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.