# Joseph Marcoux

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{{Short description|Canadian Catholic missionary}}
thumb|Joseph Marcoux
'''Joseph Marcoux''' (16 March 1791 – 29 May 1855) was a Canadian Catholic  missionary among the [Iroquois](/source/Iroquois). Fluent in [Mohawk](/source/Mohawk_language), Marcoux was also known as Tharoniakanere, "the one who looks up to the sky".

==Life==
Marcoux travelled to the mission at [St. Regis](/source/Saint_Regis%2C_Quebec) in 1812, where he was instructed by Jean-Baptiste Roupe. During the [War of 1812](/source/War_of_1812), Marcoux escaped the American attack on the mission on 23 October 1812. After being [ordained](/source/ordained) by Roupe on 12 January 1813, Marcoux succeeded him at St. Regis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pouliot-Thisdale |first1=Eric |title=Mohawk Census records of Kahnawake, Kanehsatake, Akwesasne 1825, 1831, 1851, 1861 |date=2015 |isbn=978-0-9948158-3-5 |page=40 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28224508}}</ref>

For the remaining forty-two years of his life, Marcoux worked to evangelize the Iroquois, first at [St. Regis](/source/Saint_Regis%2C_Quebec), later at other missions at [Kahnawake](/source/Kahnawake) (Sault-St-Louis) and [Lac des Deux Montagnes](/source/Lac_des_Deux_Montagnes). 

He was a close friend and regular correspondent of [Bishop Michael Power](/source/Michael_Power_(bishop)), and in 1838 joined him in signing a statement of loyalty to [Queen Victoria](/source/Queen_Victoria) in response to rebellions in the regions around [Montreal](/source/Montreal).<ref>{{cite book |last1=McGown |first1=Mark G |title=Michael Power: The Struggle to Build the Catholic Church on the Canadian Frontier |date=2005 |publisher=McGill-Queen’s University Press |location=Montreal |pages=86,99 |jstor=j.ctt80q9d |isbn=9780773529144 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80q9d}}</ref>

A noted linguist, Marcoux compiled early reference materials on the Mohawk language. He taught the language to [Jean-André Cuoq](/source/Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Cuoq), who went on to a linguistic career of his own.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tarantelli |first1=Valentina |title=Voice Into Text: Case Studies in the History of Linguistic Transcription |date=2015 |publisher=University of Sheffield |page=78}}</ref>

In 1855, Marcoux died of [typhoid fever](/source/typhoid_fever), at that time epidemic among the Iroquois.

==Works==
He wrote Iroquois grammar and a French–Iroquois dictionary. For his church and schools, he translated into Iroquois [François de Ligny](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Ligny)'s {{lang|fr|Histoire de la vie de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ}}, and published in their language a collection of prayers, hymns, and [canticle](/source/canticle)s (1852), a [catechism](/source/catechism) (1854), a calendar of Catholic ritual, and a number of sermons.

==References==
{{reflist}}

;Attribution
{{Catholic|wstitle=Joseph Marcoux}} The entry cites:
**[Appleton](/source/Daniel_Appleton), [''Cyclopaedia of American Biography''](/source/Appletons'_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography), s. v.;
**[Tanguay](/source/Cyprien_Tanguay), {{lang|fr|Rep. general du clergé Canadien}}
**Devine, E.J., ''Historic Caughnawaga''. Montreal: Messenger Press

== External links ==
* [http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=4058 Biography at the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online'']

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marcoux, Joseph}}
Category:1791 births
Category:1855 deaths
Category:Canadian Roman Catholic missionaries
Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in Canada
Category:Canadian missionary linguists

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