# Joseph Jenckes Jr.
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{{Short description|Founder of Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and second Speaker of the House of Deputies}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Joseph Jenckes Jr.
|state_assembly1 = Rhode Island
|office1 = 2nd [Speaker of the House of Deputies](/source/List_of_speakers_of_the_Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives) (now [Representatives](/source/Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives)) in the [Rhode Island General Assembly](/source/Rhode_Island_General_Assembly)
|term_start1 = October 1698
|term_end1 = February 1699
|predecessor1 = [Jonathan Holmes](/source/Jonathan_Holmes_(speaker))
|successor1 = [Benjamin Newberry](/source/Benjamin_Newberry)
|state_assembly2 = Rhode Island
|office2 = Assistant (now Senator) in the Rhode Island General Assembly
|term2=1680-1686, 1689-1691, 1695, 1696, 1698
|state_assembly3 = Rhode Island
|office3 = Deputy (now Representative) in the Rhode Island General Assembly
|term3= 1679, 1680, 1698, 1691
|constituency3 = Providence
| birth_date = October 12, 1628 ([baptized](/source/baptized))
| birth_place = [Colnbrook](/source/Colnbrook), [Middlesex, England](/source/Middlesex%2C_England)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1717|1|4|1628|10|12}}
| death_place = [Providence](/source/Providence%2C_Rhode_Island) (now [Pawtucket](/source/Pawtucket%2C_Rhode_Island)), [Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations](/source/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations)
| occupation = [Forge](/source/Forge) and [sawmill](/source/sawmill) owner
| known_for = Founder of Pawtucket
| spouse = Esther Ballard
| children = 9 including [Gov. Joseph Jenckes](/source/Joseph_Jenckes_(governor))
| father = [Joseph Jenckes Sr.](/source/Joseph_Jenckes_Sr.)
| mother = Joan Hearne
}}
'''Joseph Jenckes Jr.''' ([baptized](/source/baptized) October 12, 1628{{spaced ndash}}January 4, 1717), also spelled '''Jencks''' and '''Jenks''', was the founder of [Pawtucket, Rhode Island](/source/Pawtucket%2C_Rhode_Island), where he erected a [forge](/source/forge) in 1671.
After his mother and only sibling died in England, his father, [Joseph Jenckes Sr.](/source/Joseph_Jenckes_Sr.), immigrated to New England. A few years later, in about 1647, Jenckes Jr. joined his father at his forge in [Massachusetts Bay Colony](/source/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony) and learned his father's trade. In 1661, Jenckes was jailed for treason, a charge that was later dropped.
Jenckes moved to the [Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations](/source/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations) where he became a successful businessman. He served many years in the [Rhode Island General Assembly](/source/Rhode_Island_General_Assembly) and was elected [Speaker of the House](/source/List_of_speakers_of_the_Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives). His son, [Joseph](/source/Joseph_Jenckes_(governor)), became the colony's governor.
==Early life==
thumb|Saugus Iron Works—reconstructed forge and millJoseph Jenckes Jr. was baptized October 12, 1628, in [Colnbrook](/source/Colnbrook), [Buckinghamshire, England](/source/Buckinghamshire%2C_England). He was the eldest of two children born to [Joseph Jenckes Sr.](/source/Joseph_Jenckes_Sr.) (1599–1683) and Joan Hearne (1607–1635).{{sfn|Browne|Colket|1956|pp=4–6}}{{sfn|Clapp|2002|p=205}}{{efn|Some sources incorrectly give Joseph Jenckes Jr.'s birth year as 1632.}}
In his youth he lived in [Hounslow](/source/Hounslow), [Middlesex](/source/Middlesex), where his father worked as a cutler in a sword factory. His mother died in 1635 and his only sibling, Elizabeth, died in 1638. About 1642, the widower Joseph Jenckes Sr. immigrated to New England and by 1645 he was working to establish an [iron works](/source/iron_works), later called the [Saugus Iron Works](/source/Saugus_Iron_Works_National_Historic_Site), at Hammersmith near [Lynn](/source/Lynn%2C_Massachusetts) in [Massachusetts Bay Colony](/source/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony). By 1647, Jenckes Jr., who had remained in England, joined his father at the iron works.{{sfn|Browne|Colket|1956|pp=4, 6, 9}}{{sfn|Johnson|Brown|1904|p=82}}{{sfn|Jenks|1947|p=119}}
==Imprisonment==
thumb|Old Anchor Tavern in Lynn, Massachusetts
Sometime before 1660, after working with his father at the Saugus Iron Works, Jenckes moved to [Concord](/source/Concord%2C_Massachusetts) to work at an iron smelting operation. When he returned to Lynn it was alleged that he made treasonous remarks in the Anchor Tavern against [King Charles II of England](/source/Charles_II_of_England) who was to be crowned on April 23, 1661. Jenckes was arrested and imprisoned. During his hearing on April 1, 1661,{{efn|Several sources claim he was indicted in 1660, but more recent publications say it was 1661. The timing of the coronation supports the later date.}} he was accused by Nicholas Pinion of saying that "if he hade the King heir, he wold cutte off his head and make a [football](/source/Medieval_football) of it" and by Thomas Tower of saying "I should rather that his head were as his father's rather than he should come to England to set up [popery](/source/popery) there," an allusion to the 1649 beheading of [Charles I](/source/Charles_I_of_England). After seven weeks in prison, on May 22, 1661, the General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony ruled in Jenckes's favor, citing his subsequent statement supporting the king. The charges were dropped and he was released.{{sfn|Hartley|1957|p=18}}{{sfn|Carlson|1973|pp=141-142}}{{sfn|Clapp|2002|p=205}}{{sfn|Lewis|Newhall|1865|p=252}}{{sfn|Newhall|1879|p=421}} The decision was recorded as follows:
{{Quote
|{{sic| Joseph Jencks, Juñ, being accused & bound ouer to this Court for high misdemeanor in diuers treasonable words agt the kings majty, wch, vpon examination, he vtterly disounes, neither doeth it appeare that the same cann be legally prooved ast him, only in part, for wch he presenteth & pleadeth the kings gracious act of indempnity, this Court therefore dischardgeth him from his imprisonm̃t.|hide=y}}{{sfn|Shurtleff|1854|pp=7–8}}}}
==Forge and sawmill owner==
thumb|Pawtucket Falls, circa 1815Sometime between 1661 and 1669, Joseph Jenckes Jr. moved to the [Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations](/source/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations). In 1669, he was granted timbered land on both sides of the [Pawtuxet River](/source/Pawtuxet_River) in Pawtuxet—then southern [Providence](/source/Providence%2C_Rhode_Island)—where he erected a sawmill. His grant required him to provide lumber and timber rights to the proprietors.{{sfn|Clapp|2002|p=205}}{{sfn|Browne|1952|p=3}}
In 1671, he moved to Pawtucket—then northern Providence—where he erected a forge and sawmill on the west side of present-day Blackstone River at [Pawtucket Falls](/source/Pawtucket_Falls_(Rhode_Island)).{{sfn|Clapp|2002|p=205}}{{sfn|Jenks|1947|p=119}} A ready supply of [bog iron](/source/bog_iron) ore nearby attracted him to the area. Jenckes initially purchased 60 acres from Abel and Rachel Potter and he received more than 100 acres of the commons between 1674 and 1685.{{sfn|Browne|1952|pp=3–4, 6–9}}{{sfn|Lewis|Newhall|1865|p=15}}{{sfn|Boucher|1976|p=35}}
Jenckes's Pawtucket forge and home were burned down in 1676 during [King Philip's War](/source/King_Philip's_War), which was the first major conflict between Native Americans and New England colonists. The residents received a warning before the attack and were able to escape. Later that year he returned to Pawtucket to rebuild his home and business.{{sfn|Clapp|2002|p=205}}{{sfn|Browne|1952|p=3}}
==Pawtucket's founding==
thumb|right|Joseph Jenckes/Jenks home marker at 53 East Avenue, PawtucketWhen Jenckes purchased land in 1671 at Pawtucket Falls on the west side of the Blackstone River, the village of Pawtucket did not yet exist. He was not the first landowner or settler in the area, however. [Roger Williams](/source/Roger_Williams) had previously purchased the land in 1636 from the [Narragansett people](/source/Narragansett_people). When Jenckes arrived in rural northern Providence, several settlers including Ezekiel Holliman, Thomas Estance, John Smith, Gregory Dextor, [Stukely Westcott](/source/Stukely_Westcott), and Abel Potter owned land while [Richard Scott](/source/Richard_Scott_(settler)) and Daniel Comstack had built homes. But it was not until Jenckes built his forge and sawmill at the falls that this sparsely populated area become a village and eventually a center for metalworks and other trades.{{sfn|Boucher|1976|p=35}}
Jenckes built his home and forge on the south side of today's Main Street at East Avenue in Pawtucket. The forge was situated near the present-day Main Street Bridge where the river drops 30 feet. The site of Jenckes's home is marked by a plaque on the Pawtucket Boys Club Building at 53 East Avenue.{{sfn|Pawtucket Preservation Society (Downtown)|p=1}}{{sfn|National Park Service|p=49}}
Jenckes's business led to "additional industrial development on both sides of the river, including sawmills, grist mills, oil mills, potash manufacture, and shipyards." Pawtucket was incorporated in 1823 and both sides of the river were combined into a single Rhode Island town in 1885.{{sfn|National Park Service|p=49}}{{sfn|Addeman|1873|p=87}}
==Public service==
Jenckes was made a [freeman](/source/Freeman_(Colonial)) (voting citizen) of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in 1677. He subsequently held several offices in the local and colonial governments. He was a member of the Providence Town Council, served as a moderator at town meetings, was a tax assessor, and performed marriages. In 1679, 1680, and 1691 he was elected deputy (town representative) to the colony's [General Assembly](/source/Rhode_Island_General_Assembly). For thirteen years between 1680 and 1698 he was elected assistant (colonial representative) to the General Assembly. During his tenure in 1696, the General Assembly created two chambers: the House of Deputies (town representatives) and the Upper House (the governor, deputy governor, and assistants). Two years later he was elected Speaker of the House of Deputies—now Speaker of the House of Representatives—and was only the second person to hold that office.{{sfn|Clapp|2002|p=205}}{{sfn|Browne|1952|p=4}}{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=604}}{{sfn|Bunnelle|1998|p=140}}{{sfn|Addeman|1873|p=105}}{{sfn|Rhode Island|1868|p=90}}
In 1690, Jenckes, along with six others, were selected to write an official communication on behalf of the colony to [King William III](/source/William_III_of_England) and [Queen Mary II](/source/Queen_Mary_II) congratulating them on their coronation and informing them of news in the colony. They informed the new monarchs that [Sir Edmund Andros](/source/Sir_Edmund_Andros), the Governor of the [Dominion of New England](/source/Dominion_of_New_England), had been arrested in the colony after a revolt against him in Boston.{{sfn|Browne|1952|p=4}}{{sfn|Rhode Island|Bartlett|1858|pp=258-259}}
==Family==
Joseph Jenckes Jr. married Esther Ballard (1632–1717) in about 1655 at Lynn, Massachusetts Bay. She was the daughter of William and Elizabeth Ballard. The Ballard family had arrived in Boston in 1635 aboard the ''James'' sailing from London.{{sfn|Browne|Colket|1956|p=6}}
The Jenckeses had nine children: Joseph, b. 1656; Elizabeth, b. 1658; Sarah, b. 1660; Nathaniel, b. 1662; Esther, b. 1664; Ebenezer, b. 1668; Joanna, b. 1672; William, b. 1674; and Abigail, b. 1676. Several of his children had distinguished careers: [Joseph](/source/Joseph_Jenckes_(governor)) was the 19th governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Ebenezer was an ordained minister at the First Baptist Church, and William was a judge and assemblyman.{{sfn|Browne|1952|pp=3, 13, 14–15}}
==Death and legacy==
Joseph Jenckes Jr. died January 4, 1717, in northern Providence, now Pawtucket.{{sfn|Browne|1952|p=3}} Two Pawtucket schools were named in his honor. Joseph Jenks Jr. High School—formerly Pawtucket High School and now Doyle manor—was built in 1896 at 300 Broadway.{{sfn|Pawtucket Preservation Society (Pleasant View)|p=4}}{{sfn|Johnson|Wheaton|Reed|1996|p=15}} Joseph Jenks Junior High School was opened in downtown Pawtucket in the 1920s and moved in the 1980s to 350 Division Street where it was renamed Joseph Jenks Middle School.{{sfn|Rhode Island Department of Education|2005|p=4}} The street called Jenks Way in Pawtucket is near Pawtucket Falls.{{sfn|Pawtucket Preservation Society (Downtown)|p=15}}
==Notes==
{{notelist|90em}}
==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|20em}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
===Bibliography===
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mn1PAAAAYAAJ|title=Manual with Rules and Orders for the Use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island 1872-73|date=1873|publisher=Providence Press Company|place=Providence, RI|first=Joshua M. |last=Addeman|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|title=The History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|last=Bicknell|first=Thomas Williams|date=1920|publisher=American Historical Society}}
* {{Cite book|title=History of Pawtucket, 1635–1986|first=Susan Marie|last=Boucher| date=1976|publisher=Pawtucket Public Library}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/284868-redirection|title=Genealogy of the Jenks family of America|last=Browne|first=William Bradford|date=1952|publisher=Rumford Press|location=Concord, NH}}
* {{Cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/jenksfamilyofeng00brow|title=The Jenks family of England; supplement, compiled under the terms of the will of Harlan W. Jenks, deceased|last1=Browne|first1=William Bradford|last2=Colket|first2=Meredith Bright |date=1956|publisher=Boston Public Library}}
* {{Cite book|title=New England ancestry of George R. Perry, 1867–1947 |last=Bunnelle|first=Philip R.|date=1998|publisher=P.R. Bunnelle|location=Santa Clara, CA}}
* {{Cite book |last=Carlson |first=Stephen P. |url=http://npshistory.com/publications/sair/hist-sketch.pdf |title=Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site: Historical Sketch |publisher=Department of the Interior |year=1973}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005736647|title=Ancestors and descendants of Harvey Towner and Caroline (Waterman) Cole of Williamstown, MA, 1810-1881|last=Clapp|first=George W.|date=2002|publisher=Presentation Press|isbn=9780971898806| location=Barrington, RI}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hartley |first=E. N. |url=https://adams.marmot.org/Record/.b17201718 |title=Ironworks on the Saugus; the Lynn and Braintree ventures of the Company of Undertakers of the Ironworks in New England. |date=1957 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Jenks|first=Albert Ernest|date=1947|title=The British Wife of Joseph Jenks, the Patentee|journal=Rhode Island History|volume=VI|pages=118–127}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Elizabeth J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_obNl9t4VokC |title=Pawtucket |last2=Wheaton |first2=James L. |last3=Reed |first3=Susan L. |date=1996-11-01 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-6408-1 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPIUAAAAYAAJ&q=Joseph+Jenckes++pawtucket|title=The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans |volume=VI|last1=Johnson|first1=Rossiter|last2=Brown|first2=John Howard|date=1904|publisher=Biographical Society|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoflynness01lewi|title=History of Lynn, Essex county, Massachusetts: including Lynnfield, Saugus, Swampscot, and Nahant|last1=Lewis|first1=Alonzo|last2=Newhall|first2=James Robinson|date=1865|publisher=J.L. Shorey}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.preservation.ri.gov/pdfs_zips_downloads/national_pdfs/pawtucket/pawt_downtown-pawtucket-hd.pdf|last=National Park Service|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form |website=www.preservation.ri.gov|access-date=December 26, 2018}}
* {{Cite book|title=Lin̄: Or, Notable People and Notable Things in the Early History of Lynn: The Third Plantation of Massachusetts Colony|last=Newhall|first=James Robinson|date=1879|publisher=G.C. Herbert}}
* {{Cite web|last=Preservation Society of Pawtucket|url=http://www.pawtucketpreservation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Pleasant-View-Neighborhood_2018.pdf|title=Pleasant View Neighborhood Tour|website=www.pawtucketpreservation.org|access-date=December 25, 2018|ref=CITEREFPawtucket_Preservation_Society_(Pleasant_View)}}
* {{Cite web|last=Preservation Society of Pawtucket|url=https://www.pawtucketfoundation.org/_resources/common/userfiles/file/Student%20Projects/WalkingTourText6.pdf|title=Downtown Pawtucket Historic Walking Tour|website=www.pawtucketpreservation.org|access-date=December 25, 2018|ref=CITEREFPawtucket_Preservation_Society_(Downtown)}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rhode Island|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c021003434&view=1up&seq=9|title=Manual, with rules and orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the state of Rhode Island|date=1868|publisher=Rhode Island Dept. of State|series=State of Rhode Island manual|location=Providence}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Rhode Island|title=Records of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New England. Printed by order of the General Assembly|volume=III|last2=Bartlett|first2=John Russell|date=1856|publisher=A.C. Greene and Bros., State printers|location=Providence|language=en|oclc=6670949|ref=CITEREFRhode_IslandBartlett1858}}
* {{Cite web|last=Rhode Island Department of Education|url=https://www.eride.ri.gov/dataDump/26/2004-05/20050426132441/Joseph%20Jenks%20Jr.%20High%20School%20Final%20Report.pdf|website=www.eride.ri.gov|title=Joseph Jenks Junior High School: The Salt Visit Team Report|date=2005|access-date=December 26, 2018}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno42mass/page/n7|title=Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England: 1661–1674|volume=IV Part II|last=Shurtleff|first=Nathaniel Bradstreet|date=1854|publisher=W. White, printer to the commonwealth}} {{PD-notice}}
==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|title=Joseph Jenks, colonial toolmaker and inventor|last=Carlson|first=Stephen P.|date=1978|publisher=Eastern National Park Monument Assoc.}}
* {{Cite book| title=English origins of New England families: from the New England historical and genealogical register, second series|date=1985|volume=2|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Company|last=Roberts|first=Gary Boyd|location=Baltimore, MD|isbn=9780806310916|oclc=11690506}}
* {{Cite book|last=William|first=Richard Cutter|date=1916|title=American Biography: A New Cyclopedia|volume=7|publisher=American Historical Society}}
==External links==
* [http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMCQMF_Pawtucket_Falls_Pawtucket_Rhode_Island Pawtucket Falls Historical Marker] at waymarking.com
* [http://smallstatebighistory.com/the-birth-of-american-industry-why-pawtucket/ The Birth of American Industry: Why Pawtucket?] at smallstatebighistory.com
* {{Find a Grave|19416717}}
* [https://famouskin.com/famous-kin-menu.php?name=19253+joseph+jenckes+jr Famous Kin of Joseph Jenckes Jr.] at famouskin.com
{{Portal bar|Biography|United States|New England|Rhode Island}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jenckes, Joseph Jr.}}
Category:1628 births
Category:1717 deaths
Category:English emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony
Category:Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island
Category:People from colonial Rhode Island
Category:People from colonial Massachusetts
Category:Founders of cities in the Thirteen Colonies
Category:Blacksmiths from the Thirteen Colonies
Category:17th-century American artisans
Category:Members of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
Category:Speakers of the Rhode Island House of Deputies
Category:Sawmill owners
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Joseph Jenckes Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jenckes_Jr.) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jenckes_Jr.?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.