# Joseph Hasner

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**Joseph Hasner, Ritter von Artha** (13 August 1819 – 2 February 1892) was an Austrian [ophthalmologist](/source/Ophthalmologist) born in [Prague](/source/Prague). His brother, [Leopold Hasner von Artha](/source/Leopold_Hasner_von_Artha) (1818–1891), was an influential Austrian politician.

He studied medicine at the [University of Prague](/source/Charles_University_in_Prague), and subsequently worked at the local general hospital (1842). In 1843 he was an assistant at [Johann Fischer](/source/Johann_Nepomuk_Fischer)'s eye clinic. In 1848 he gained his habilitation, and in 1852 he became an associate professor. From 1856 he was a "full professor" of [ophthalmology](/source/Ophthalmology) and a primary physician in Prague. Starting in 1869 he was an editor of the *Vierteljahrsschrift für die praktische Heilkunde* (from 1880- *Zeitschrift für Heilkunde*).

Hasner is remembered for the discovery of *plica lacrimalis*, which is a fold of [mucous membrane](/source/Mucous_membrane) that guards the lower opening of the [nasolacrimal duct](/source/Nasolacrimal_duct). This membrane goes by other names, including "[Hasner's valve](/source/Hasner's_valve)" and "Hasner's fold". Also, he put forth the theory that [myopia](/source/Myopia) was caused by stretching of the [eyeball](/source/Human_eyeball) — this being due to pulling on the [posterior pole](/source/Posterior_pole) by the [optic nerve](/source/Optic_nerve).

## Published works

Among his numerous publications is *Klinische Vorträge über Augenheilkunde* (Clinical Lectures on Ophthalmology), which is a collection of Hasner's lectures on [eye diseases](/source/Eye_diseases) and [ophthalmoscopy](/source/Ophthalmoscopy). Other noted writings by Hasner include:

- *Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie des Tränenableitungsapparats* (Contributions to the Physiology and Pathology of the [Lacrimal Drainage Apparatus](/source/Lacrimal_apparatus)), 1851
- *Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie des Auges* (Contributions to the [Physiology](/source/Physiology) and [Pathology](/source/Pathology) of the Eye), 1873
- *Über die Grenzen der Akkommodation des Auges* (On the Limits of [Accommodation](/source/Accommodation_(eye)) of the Eye), 1875
- *Das mittlere Auge in seinen physiologischen und pathologischen Beziehungen* (The Median Eye in its Physiological and Pathological Relationships), 1879
- *Die Verletzungen des Auges in gerichtsärztlicher Beziehung* (The Injuries of the Eye in [Forensic Medical](/source/Forensic_medicine) Relationships), In: Maschka's Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin, Tübingen 1880
- *Tycho Brahe und I. Kepler in Prag* ([Tycho Brahe](/source/Tycho_Brahe) and [I. Kepler](/source/Johannes_Kepler) in Prague), 1872

## References

- [The Bernard Becker Collection in Ophthalmology](https://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/becker/records200.htm) (biographical information)
- List of publications and parts of the biography based on a translation of the [German Wikipedia](/source/German_Wikipedia); named sources being: - [Meyers Konversations-Lexikon](/source/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon). 4. Auflage. Band 8, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1885–1892, S. 203. - [Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie](/source/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Biographie) (ADB). Band 50, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1905, S. 54.

See also: [Hasner](/source/Hasner) and [Artha (disambiguation)](/source/Artha_(disambiguation))

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