# Joseph Hardtmuth > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Joseph_Hardtmuth > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Joseph_Hardtmuth.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hardtmuth > Source revision: 1351837163 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Austrian architect, inventor and entrepreneur You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (December 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Joseph Hardtmuth]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Joseph Hardtmuth}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. Josef Hardtmuth **Joseph Hardtmuth** (13 February 1758 – 23 May 1816) was an Austrian [architect](/source/Architect), [inventor](/source/Inventor) and [entrepreneur](/source/Entrepreneur). ## Inventions Hardtmuth was born on 13 February 1758 in [Asparn an der Zaya](/source/Asparn_an_der_Zaya). In 1789, he invented a new kind of [earthenware](/source/Earthenware) with a lead-free [glaze](/source/Ceramic_glaze) for tableware production, the so-called Vienna ware. In 1810, he invented an artificial [pumice](/source/Pumice) and years later, a version of [stoneware](/source/Stoneware) which was used to make mortars, funnels, and other utensils. A flexible, unbreakable [blackboard](/source/Chalkboard) was also produced. In 1792, Hardtmuth established a [pencil](/source/Pencil) factory in [Vienna](/source/Vienna) after he succeeded in creating an artificial [graphite](/source/Graphite) pencil by mixing powdered graphite with clay. Until that time, whole pieces, cut from graphite, were glued in between wood and were imported from [England](/source/England). With the new method, graphite of inferior quality could be used in pencil manufacturing, lowering the price and making the product more accessible for the masses. His company [Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth](/source/Koh-i-Noor_Hardtmuth) still exists. The extensive Liechtenstein possessions led him to Bohemia, Moravia and again to Lower Austria as building director. He was commissioned with the conversion of farm buildings and castles, the construction of schools and patron churches and other construction measures such as the creation and design of landscape gardens.[1] He built i.a. Obelisks, triumphal arches, exotic buildings and artificial ruins. In 1811 there was a construction accident when a lookout tower collapsed on the Kleiner Anninger during construction. This incident led to the end of his work as princely building director in 1812.[2] Hardtmuth died on 23 May 1816 in Vienna. ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Das etwas andere Verkaufsgespräch"](https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9301-4_6), *Rechentraining für Finanzdienstleister*, Wiesbaden: Gabler, pp. 209–237, 2007, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/978-3-8349-9301-4_6](https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-8349-9301-4_6), [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-8349-0400-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8349-0400-3), retrieved 2022-12-27{{[citation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation)}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN)) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Architekturzentrum Wien"](http://www.architektenlexikon.at/de/1095.htm). *www.architektenlexikon.at*. Retrieved 2022-12-27. - [Petroski, Henry](/source/Henry_Petroski) (1990). [*The Pencil: a history of design and circumstance*](https://archive.org/details/pencilhistoryofd00petr_0/page/385). [Random House](/source/Random_House). pp. [385–407](https://archive.org/details/pencilhistoryofd00petr_0/page/385). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-394-57422-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-57422-2). ## External links - [The Koh-i-noor company website](http://www.koh-i-noor.cz/) - [THE KOH-I-NOOR HARDTMUTH story, a tradition of innovation](https://web.archive.org/web/20071029185529/http://www.chartpak.com/news/prof_history.html) - ChartPak's write up Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat National United States France BnF data Czech Republic Israel People Deutsche Biographie DDB Other Yale LUX This Austrian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. - [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Austria-bio-stub) - [t](/source/Template_talk%3AAustria-bio-stub) - [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austria-bio-stub) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Joseph Hardtmuth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hardtmuth) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hardtmuth?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.