# Josef Ringo

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{{Short description|Russian scientist, inventor, and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [:Template:Infobox
writer/doc](/source/%3ATemplate%3AInfobox_writer%2Fdoc) -->
| name        = Josef Ringo
| image       = Josef ringo.jpg
| caption     = Josef Ringo (sitting on the right)
| birth_name   = Josef Ringo
| birth_date  = 1883
| birth_place = [Vitebsk](/source/Vitebsk), Russian Empire
| death_date  = 1946
| death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union
| occupation  = Electrical engineer, inventor, writer
| nationality = Russian (USSR)
| alma_mater   = [University of Bern](/source/University_of_Bern)
| genre       =
| notableworks =
| influences  =
| influenced  =
}}

'''Josef Abramovich Ringo''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Иосиф Абрамович Ринго}}) was a Russian electrical engineer, inventor, and writer.<ref name="glossary">{{cite book|url=https://leninism.su/works/90-tom-52/248-ukazateli-52.html|title=Lenin's archive, edition 5, book 52, name glossary|page=499}}</ref><ref name=yaroslavsky>{{cite book|title=Жизнь и работа В.И. Ленина - 23 апреля 1870-21 января 1924|trans-title=Life and work of V.I. Lenin – 23 April 1870-21 January 1924|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5azbAAAAMAAJ&dq=%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD+%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE&pg=PA158|author=[Yemelyan Yaroslavsky](/source/Yemelyan_Yaroslavsky)|publisher=Government Publisher|place=Moscow|year=1924|page=158}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://leninism.su/images/PDF/lenin_v_muzey.pdf|page=204|title=Ленин в сердцах  миллионов - Жизнь и деятельность В.И. Ленина в документах и материалах музеев В.И. Ленина в СССР и за рубежом|trans-title=Lenin in the Hearts of Millions - Life and Work of V.I. Lenin in Documents and Materials of V.I. Lenin Museums in the USSR and Abroad|place=Moscow|publisher=Publisher of political literature}}</ref>

==Life and career==
Josef Ringo was born in [Vitebsk](/source/Vitebsk) in 1883. From 1905 until 1918 he studied and worked in both Switzerland and France.<ref name="glossary"/> Ringo graduated from the Universities of Bern, Zurich and [Nancy](/source/Nancy%2C_France), received an education as an engineer and philosopher. He was fluent in five languages.

In 1917 in Switzerland he published the book ''Jewish Question in its Historical Context and its Proposed Solution'' ({{langx|de|link=no|Die Judenfrage in ihrem geschichtlichen Zusammenhang und Vorschläge ihrer Lösung}}). In his work Josef Ringo explores the possibility of creating a [Jewish state](/source/Jewish_state). The work offers a critical analysis of the Jewish question, arguing that centuries of continuous [ethnic mixing](/source/Miscegenation) and an over-reliance on trade fractured the people's national unity and social cohesion. This lack of a unified people and cohesive society casts doubt on the immediate feasibility of an independent state. To overcome these internal obstacles, Ringo suggests that a Jewish state could only become a reality through a fundamental transformation of the people; this transformation would require a shift toward productive physical labor, specifically agriculture, within a new, suitable territory designed to rebuild their national character.<ref>{{Cite book | url=http://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/freimann/content/titleinfo/177529 |title = Freimann-Sammlung / Die Judenfrage in ihrem geschichtlichen Zusammenhang und Vorschläge| year=1917 }}</ref>
Title page of ''Die Judenfrage in ihrem geschichtlichen Zusammenhang und Vorschläge ihrer Lösung''. 1917|200px|left

In Switzerland Josef met [Vladimir Lenin](/source/Vladimir_Lenin). Lenin invited Ringo to come to Moscow to take part in the plan of electrification of Moscow.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vilenin.eu/t52/p014 |title=В.И.Ленин Полное Собрание Сочинений том 52 В. И. ЛЕНИН стр. 14 |access-date=17 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194745/http://vilenin.eu/t52/p014 |archive-date=2 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> From 1918 to 1922 he worked as the head of the electric department of Moscow and the Moscow region, provincial electrical engineer, then director of the electrical installation office of the Moscow [Sovnarkhoz](/source/Sovnarkhoz)<ref>{{cite book|title=Вся Москва. Адресная и справочная книга на 1927 год. Отдел 2. Общесправочный отдел|trans-title=All Moscow. Address and reference book for 1927. Department 2. General information department|publisher=Publishing house of the Moscow Communal Services|place=Moscow|year=1927|page=120|isbn=9785445820284 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EhQiBwAAQBAJ&q=%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE&pg=PA120}}</ref> and the department of small-scale electrification of the [Supreme Soviet of the National Economy](/source/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_National_Economy). Later he was employed as a worker in the chemical industry.<ref name="glossary"/> In 1921 under Lenin's order Ringo managed to electrify the residence of Lenin in Gorki in an extremely short amount of time.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://leninism.su/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3929:yanvar-1921-vtoraya-dekada-do-22&catid=109:tom-ix-iyun-1920-yanvar-1921&Itemid=61 | title=Январь 1921 (вторая декада до 22)}}</ref>
Ringo patented a large number of inventions,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://patentdb.su/2-32754-apparat-dlya-izmereniya-kolichestva-protekayushhejj-po-trube-zhidkosti.html | title=Аппарат для измерения количества протекающей по трубе жидкости — SU 32754}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://patentdb.su/3-36223-ustrojjstvo-dlya-signalizacii-o-poyavlenii-kisloty-shhelochi-ili-solejj-v-vode.html |title = Устройство для сигнализации о появлении кислоты, щелочи или солей в воде – SU 36223}}</ref> including patents in the field of lightning protection.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Links ==
*[http://leninism.su/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3924:noyabr-1920-tretya-dekada&catid=109:tom-ix-iyun-1920-yanvar-1921&Itemid=61 Lenin's archive. November 1920 (third decade).] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://leninism.su/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3941:aprel-1921-vtoraya-dekada&catid=110:tom-10&Itemid=61 Lenin's archive. April 1921 (second decade).] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://leninism.su/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3929:yanvar-1921-vtoraya-dekada-do-22&catid=109:tom-ix-iyun-1920-yanvar-1921&Itemid=61 Lenin's archive. Январь 1921 (second decade til 22).] {{in lang|ru}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ringo, Josef}}
Category:1883 births
Category:1946 deaths
Category:20th-century Russian engineers
Category:Belarusian Jews
Category:Belarusian Zionists
Category:Jewish engineers
Category:Jewish Russian writers
Category:People from Vitebsky Uyezd
Category:Russian Jews
Category:Russian Zionists
Category:Soviet electrical engineers
Category:Soviet inventors
Category:Soviet writers
Category:Writers from Vitebsk

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Josef Ringo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Ringo) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Ringo?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.