# Joret line > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Joret_line > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Joret_line.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joret_line > Source revision: 1347082934 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Isogloss in northern France}} {{One source|date=April 2025}} thumb|upright=1.35|The Joret line (in red) The '''Joret line''' ({{langx|fr|ligne Joret}}; [Norman](/source/Norman_language): ''lène Joret''; [Picard](/source/Picard_language): ''line Joret'') is an [isogloss](/source/isogloss) that divides the [langues d'oïl](/source/langues_d'o%C3%AFl). Dialects north and west of it preserve Latin {{IPAslink|k}} and {{IPAslink|ɡ}} before {{IPAslink|a}}; dialects south and east of it [palatalize](/source/palatalization_(sound_change)) them. In [Old French](/source/Old_French) the result of this palatalisation was {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} and {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}} (for original {{IPAslink|k}} and {{IPAslink|ɡ}} respectively), which yield {{IPAslink|ʃ}} and {{IPAslink|ʒ}} in [Modern French](/source/Modern_French). The line was first identified by [Charles Joret](/source/Charles_Joret) and published in 1883. The area north and west of it is sometimes called the 'Normano-Picard domain' ({{langx|fr|domaine normano-picard}}). Within it lie [Picard](/source/Picard_language) and the northern dialects of [Norman](/source/Norman_language). ==Geography== The Joret line extends from the [Channel Islands](/source/Channel_Islands) (including [Jèrriais](/source/J%C3%A8rriais), [Guernésiais](/source/Guern%C3%A9siais), and [Sercquiais](/source/Sercquiais)) and across the continent from [Granville, Manche](/source/Granville%2C_Manche) to the linguistic border with [Dutch](/source/Dutch_language) in the North of France and [Belgium](/source/Belgium).{{efn|People in western [Wallonia](/source/Wallonia) speak Picard ([Tournai](/source/Tournai), [Ath](/source/Ath), [Soignies](/source/Soignies), [Mons](/source/Mons%2C_Belgium), etc.)}} It runs approximately west to east through [Normandy](/source/Normandy) north of Granville and [Villedieu-les-Poêles](/source/Villedieu-les-Po%C3%AAles) and divides [Manche](/source/Manche) in two linguistically and separates [Calvados](/source/Calvados_(department)) and [Orne](/source/Orne) along with [Eure](/source/Eure); then it curves progressively to the north and ends up approximately south to north in [Picardy](/source/Picardy), where the line runs with the [Amiénois](/source/Ami%C3%A9nois) and [Thiérache](/source/Thi%C3%A9rache), up to the west of [Rebecq](/source/Rebecq), [Beaumont](/source/Beaumont%2C_Belgium) and [Chimay](/source/Chimay) in [Belgium](/source/Belgium), where it separates [Picard](/source/Picard_language) from [Walloon](/source/Walloon_language). ==Examples== * Norman Picard {{IPAslink|k}} ~ Southern Norman, French {{IPAslink|ʃ}}, Walloon {{IPAslink|tʃ}} ([palatalization](/source/Palatalization_(sound_change))) :Latin ''cattu'' (cat) gave rise to {{IPA|/ka/}} ''cat'' north of the line and {{IPA|/ʃa/}} ''chat'' to the south. :Low Latin ''*captiare'' (to catch) gave rise to ''cachier'' / ''cacher'' (> English catch) north of the line and ''chasser'' (> English chase) to the south. :Low Latin ''*cantionem'' (song), Picard ''canchon'' West of the line, French ''chanson'', Walloon ''tchinson'' South and East of the line. Similarly Latin ''cantare'' → ''canter'' vs. ''chanter'', ''tchanter''. :Frankish ''*pokka'' (bag) gave rise to {{IPA|/puk/}} ''pouque'' (> English dial. poke) north of the line and ''pouche'' (> English pouch) to the south. French ''poche'' (pocket), Norman ''pouquette'' (> English pocket). :Latin ''candela'' (candle) gave rise to ''candelle'' north of the line and ''chandelle'' to the south. :Celtic ''*carros'' > Latin ''carrus'' gave rise to ''car'' (> English car) north of the line and ''char'' (wain, carriage), ''chariot'' (> English chariot) to the south. :Celtic ''*kagio-'', Gaulish ''caio-'' > Norman Picard ''kay'', ''cay'' (> ME kay) > French quai (> English quay); Old French ''chay'' > French ''chai'' (wine cellar) * Norman Picard {{IPAslink|ɡ}} ~ Southern Norman, French {{IPAslink|ʒ}}, Walloon {{IPAslink|dʒ}} (palatalization) :Latin ''gamba'' (leg) gave rise to {{IPA|/ɡãb/}} ''gambe'' north of the line and {{IPA|/ʒãb/}} ''jambe'' to the south, ''djambe'' to the East. :Frankish ''*gard-'' (yard) gave rise to ''gardin'' (> English garden) north of the line and ''jardin'' to the south. :Late Latin ''*galleto'' > Norman Picard ''gal(l)on'' (> English gallon) ; Old French ''jallon'' , French ''jalon'' (measure) == Second isogloss == Another effect of the palatalizations a bit further to the north but quite parallel was this: * Norman Picard {{IPAslink|ʃ}} (or {{IPAslink|tʃ}}) ~ Southern Norman {{IPAslink|ts}} or {{IPAslink|s}}, French {{IPAslink|s}}. :Low Latin ''*captiare'' > Norman Picard ''cacher'', ''cachi(er)'' (> English catch); Southern Norman, French ''chasser'' :Low Latin ''ceresiu(m)'' > Norman Picard ''cherise'', ''chrise'', ''chise'' (> English cherry); Southern Norman ''srise'' French ''cerise'' == Third isogloss == A third isogloss, marking a consonantal change unrelated to the others, more or less follows the Joret line throughout Normandy and continues through northeastern France. It includes all of Picardy, [Wallonia](/source/Wallonia), [Champagne](/source/Champagne_(province)), [Lorraine](/source/Lorraine) and a part of [Burgundy](/source/Burgundy). Germanic {{IPAslink|w}} (sometimes Latin {{IPAslink|v}} was affected as well) was kept north of the line (written ''w'' or ''v''), but became {{IPAslink|ɡ}} (written ''g'' or ''gu'') south of the line. *Northern French {{IPAslink|v}} ~ French {{IPAslink|ɡ}} :Latin ''vespa'' / Frankish ''*waspa'' (wasp) > Picard ''Wespe'', Norman ''Vêpe'' ~ French ''guêpe'' (wasp) :Frankish ''*wala hlaupan'' (S. English well and leap) > Picard, Old Norman ''waloper'' (> English wallop) ; French ''galoper'' (> English gallop) :Frankish ''wahtôn'' (S. English wake and watch) > Picard, Old Norman ''wait(i)er'' (> English wait) ; Old French ''guaitier'', French ''guetter'' :Frankish ''*werra'' > Old Picard Old Norman ''werre'', ''warre'' (> English war) ; French ''guerre'' (war) == Toponymy == The Joret line affects [toponym](/source/toponym)s in Normandy and Picardy: [Cambrai](/source/Cambrai) (corresponding to [Chambray](/source/Chambray)), [Camembert](/source/Camembert%2C_Orne), [Carentan](/source/Carentan) (corresponding to [Charenton](/source/Charenton_(disambiguation))), [Caen](/source/Caen) ([Wace](/source/Wace) gallicized as ''Chaem''). Norman placenames derived from the Gallo-Romance word ''[Campaniacum](/source/Campaniacum)'' show initial ''C-'' in some cases ([Campigny](/source/Campigny_(disambiguation)), north) and initial ''Ch-'' in others ([Champigny-la-Futelaye](/source/Champigny-la-Futelaye), south). ==See also== *[La Spezia–Rimini Line](/source/La_Spezia%E2%80%93Rimini_Line) *[Norman language](/source/Norman_language) *[Picard language](/source/Picard_language) *[Walloon language](/source/Walloon_language) == Notes == {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} *''La Normandie dialectale'' Lepelley, Caen 1999 {{ISBN|2-84133-076-1}} Category:Oïl languages Category:Culture of Picardy Category:Normandy Category:Isoglosses Category:Norman language --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Joret line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joret_line) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joret_line?action=history)). 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