# John Tempest Jr.

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'''John Tempest Jr.''' (1739 – 12 August 1794) was a [County Durham](/source/County_Durham) landowner and [Tory](/source/Tories_(political_faction)) politician who sat in the [House of Commons](/source/House_of_Commons_of_Great_Britain) from 1768 to 1794.
 
==Biography==
A member of the [Old Durham](/source/Old_Durham) branch of the [Tempest family](/source/Tempest_family),<ref>Robert Surtees, History of Durham, Vol IV, p.93</ref> Tempest was born in [Sherburn](/source/Sherburn%2C_County_Durham), [Durham](/source/Durham%2C_England), the son of [John Tempest](/source/John_Tempest%2C_Sr.) of [Wynyard](/source/Wynyard_Park%2C_County_Durham) (1710–1776) and Frances Shuttleworth.<ref name = HOP>{{cite web| url = http://www.histparl.ac.uk/volume/1754-1790/member/tempest-john-1740-94| title= TEMPEST, John (c.1740–94), of Wynyard, co. Dur.| publisher= History of Parliament Online| accessdate = 27 November 2017}}</ref> He was educated at [Westminster School](/source/Westminster_School) (1750) and [Emmanuel College, Cambridge](/source/Emmanuel_College%2C_Cambridge) (1758).

He inherited his family's extensive landed interests including the manors of [Wynyard](/source/Wynyard_Park%2C_County_Durham), The Isle, Kelloe, Old Durham and Rainton, making him one of the largest shippers of [coal](/source/coal) via [Sunderland](/source/Sunderland%2C_Tyne_and_Wear) in the late 18th century.

Tempest represented the [City of Durham](/source/Durham_City_(UK_Parliament_constituency)) in the Parliaments of [1768](/source/1768_British_general_election), [1774](/source/1774_British_general_election), [1780](/source/1780_British_general_election), [1784](/source/1784_British_general_election) and [1790](/source/1790_British_general_election), and joined his fellow Durham MP [John Lambton](/source/John_Lambton_(British_Army_officer)) in constantly opposing the administration of [Lord North](/source/Lord_North). In 1784 he was a member of the [St. Alban's Tavern group](/source/St._Alban's_Tavern_group) who tried to bring Fox and Pitt together.<ref name=HOP/>

==Family==
thumb|John Wharton Tempest by Romney 
Tempest married Ann Townsend (?–1817) daughter of [Joseph Townsend](/source/Joseph_Townsend_(MP)) of [Honington, Warwickshire](/source/Honington%2C_Warwickshire). Their only son, John Wharton Tempest (1772–1793) (the subject of a painting by [George Romney](/source/George_Romney_(painter))), predeceased them as a result of a riding accident.<ref name=GM>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UawUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA772|page=772|title= The Gentleman's Magazine: And Historical Chronicle for the year 1794 Volume 63 part 2|author= Sylvanus Urban| date=1794| accessdate= 27 November 2017}}</ref>

The Tempest estates thus devolved to [his nephew Henry](/source/Sir_Henry_Vane-Tempest%2C_2nd_Baronet), the son of a sister who had married the Rev. Sir Henry Vane Bt. of [Long Newton](/source/Long_Newton), upon condition that his nephew assumed the name and arms of Tempest. Having fulfilled the requirement, [Sir Henry Vane-Tempest, 2nd Baronet](/source/Sir_Henry_Vane-Tempest%2C_2nd_Baronet) (1771–1813), also replaced his uncle as M.P. for Durham City on 17 October 1794 and was the ancestor of the Vane-Tempest-Stewarts, [Earls Vane and Marquesses of Londonderry](/source/Marquess_of_Londonderry).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*Robert Surtees, ''History of Durham (1816–1840)''
*Brian Masters, ''Wynyard Hall and the Londonderry Family'' (1973)

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|gb}}
{{s-bef
 | before  = [John Tempest, Sr.](/source/John_Tempest%2C_Sr.)
 | before2 = [John Lambton](/source/John_Lambton_(British_Army_officer))
}}
{{s-title
 | title = [Member of Parliament](/source/Member_of_Parliament) for [City of Durham](/source/City_of_Durham_(UK_Parliament_constituency))
 | years = 1768–1794
 | with  = [John Lambton](/source/John_Lambton_(British_Army_officer)) to 1787
 | with2 = [William Henry Lambton](/source/William_Henry_Lambton) from 1787
}}
{{s-aft
 | after  = [William Henry Lambton](/source/William_Henry_Lambton)
 | after2 = [Sir Henry Vane-Tempest](/source/Sir_Henry_Vane-Tempest%2C_2nd_Baronet)
}}
{{s-end}}

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Category:1739 births
Category:1794 deaths
Category:People from Durham, England
Category:People educated at Westminster School, London
Category:Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for the City of Durham
Category:British MPs 1768–1774
Category:British MPs 1774–1780
Category:British MPs 1780–1784
Category:British MPs 1784–1790
Category:Tory MPs (pre-1834)
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [John Tempest Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tempest_Jr.) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tempest_Jr.?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.