# Jiong

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{{Short description|Chinese character}}
{{About|the emoticon|the Xia king|Jiong of Xia|the Western Jin king|Sima Jiong}}
[[File:Jiong seal clerical.PNG|thumb|upright=0.7|right|Jiong (囧) in [Kaishu](/source/Regular_script), [Clerical](/source/Clerical_script), [Seal](/source/Seal_script), and [Oracle bone](/source/Oracle_bone_script) scripts (top to bottom)]]

'''Jiong''' ({{zh|c=囧|p=jiǒng|j=gwing2}}) is a once obscure [Chinese character](/source/Chinese_character) meaning a "patterned window".{{sfn|Li|Li|2014|pp=252-3}} Since 2008, it has become an internet phenomenon and widely used to express [embarrassment](/source/embarrassment) and gloom because of the character's resemblance to a sad facial expression.{{sfn|Hammond|Richey|2014|p=141}}

It has historically been used as a [Chinese dictionary radical](/source/Chinese_character_radicals) and has [''Shuowen Jiezi'' number](/source/List_of_Shuowen_Jiezi_radicals) 240, but it is not included among the [''Kangxi'' radicals](/source/Kangxi_radicals), nor by the ''[Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components](/source/Table_of_Indexing_Chinese_Character_Components)''.

==Original meanings==
# Window, according to [Xu Shen](/source/Xu_Shen)'s 2nd-century dictionary ''[Shuowen Jiezi](/source/Shuowen_Jiezi)'': "窻牖麗廔闓明" ('an open and light window').
# Granary. 米囧 means "put the new rice into a granary".
# Sacrificial place. Based on [Chouli](/source/Rites_of_Zhou).
# Toponym.

===Characters with Shuowen radical 240===
{| class="wikitable"
! strokes !! character
|-
| +0 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|囧}} {{Linktext|冏}}
|-
| +4 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|朙}}
|-
| +5 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|𥁰}}
|-
| +6 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|𧖸}}
|-
| +9 || style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|𥂗}}
|}

==Internet emoticon==
right|100px|thumb|A stylised version of the 囧 emoticon
The character for ''jiong'' is nowadays more widely used on the Internet as an [ideographic emoticon](/source/Emoticon) representing a range of moods, as it resembles a person's face. It is commonly used to express ideas or feelings such as annoyance, shock, embarrassment, awkwardness, etc.

The use of ''jiong'' as an emoticon can be traced to 2005 or earlier; it was referenced on 20 January 2005 in a Chinese-language article on [Orz](/source/Emoticon).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nownews.com/2005/01/20/327-1744028.htm |title=心情很orz嗎？ 網路象形文字幽默一下 |website=NOWnews.com|access-date=2013-03-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115031609/http://www.nownews.com/2005/01/20/327-1744028.htm |archive-date=2012-11-15 }}</ref> The character is sometimes used in conjunction with orz, OTZ, or its other variants to form "囧rz", representing a person on their hands and knees (''jiong'' forming the face, while ''r'' and ''z'' represent arms and legs, respectively) and symbolising despair or failure.

==Encoding==
The character is included in Unicode at {{U+|56E7}} (囧).<ref name="unihan"/> Unicode also includes U+518F (冏), which is considered a [variant](/source/variant_Chinese_characters).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ008830 |title=MJ008830 |institution=Character Information Technology Promotion Council (CITPC) |work=文字情報基盤検索システム |quotation=辞書類等による関連字: 冏 |lang=ja}}</ref>
{{charmap
|56E7|name1=CJK Unified Ideograph-<span>56E7</span>
|518F|name2=CJK Unified Ideograph-<span>518F</span>
|map1=[Shift JIS](/source/Shift_JIS)<ref name="shift_jis-utc">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/JIS/SHIFTJIS.TXT |title=Shift-JIS to Unicode |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2015-12-02 |orig-year=1994-03-08}}</ref>|map1char2=99 67
|map2=[EUC-JP](/source/EUC-JP)<ref name="euc-jp-2007">{{cite web |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/euc-jp-2007.ucm |title=EUC-JP-2007 |author1=Unicode Consortium |author-link1=Unicode Consortium |author2=IBM |author-link2=IBM |work=[International Components for Unicode](/source/International_Components_for_Unicode)}}</ref>|map2char1=8F B6 FA|map2char2=D1 C8
|map3=[GBK](/source/GBK_(character_encoding)) / [GB 18030](/source/GB_18030)<ref name="gb18030">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/GB18030-2005|title=GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set|last=Standardization Administration of China (SAC)|date=2005-11-18}}</ref>|map3char1=87 E5|map3char2=83 D7
|map4=[KPS 9566](/source/KPS_9566)-2011<ref name="utc-L2-18-011">{{cite web |last=Chung |first=Jaemin |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18011-info-kps9566-2011.pdf |id=UTC L2/18-011 |title=Information on the most recent version of KPS 9566 (KPS 9566-2011?) |date=2018-01-05}}</ref>|map4char2=C8 82
|map5=[Big5](/source/Big5)<ref name="big5hkscs-html5">{{cite web |url=https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/big5.html |title=big5 |work=Encoding Standard |publisher=[WHATWG](/source/WHATWG) |last=van Kesteren |first=Anne |author-link=Anne van Kesteren}}</ref>|map5char1=CA A8|map5char2=CA 6A
|map6=[EUC-TW](/source/EUC-TW)<ref name="cns">{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=140104&SN=&lang=en |title=[囧] 2-2348 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=[National Development Council](/source/National_Development_Council_(Taiwan))}}</ref><ref name="cns2">{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=140076&SN=&lang=en |title=[冏] 2-232C |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=[National Development Council](/source/National_Development_Council_(Taiwan))}}</ref>|map6char1=8E A2 A3 C8|map6char2=8E A2 A3 AC
|map7=[CCCII / EACC](/source/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange)<ref name="unihan">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=%E5%9B%A7 |title=Unihan data for U+56E7 |institution=[Unicode Consortium](/source/Unicode_Consortium)}}</ref><ref name="unihan2">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=518F&useutf8=true |title=Unihan data for U+518F |institution=[Unicode Consortium](/source/Unicode_Consortium)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/codetables/eacc2uni.txt |title=EACC to Unicode |institution=[Library of Congress](/source/Library_of_Congress)}}</ref>|map7char1=21 73 77|map7char2=21 69 6E
|namedref1=[Kangxi Dictionary](/source/Kangxi_Dictionary) reference<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0217.gif |title=Page 217 |work=[Kangxi Dictionary](/source/Kangxi_Dictionary)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0129.gif |title=Page 129 |work=[Kangxi Dictionary](/source/Kangxi_Dictionary)}}</ref> |ref1char1=Page 217, character 10 |ref1char2=Page 129, character 12
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book
|last1=Hammond
|first1=Kenneth J.
|last2=Richey
|first2=Jeffrey L.
|title=The Sage Returns: Confucian Revival in Contemporary China
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g6ytBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA141
|date=3 December 2014
|publisher=SUNY Press
|isbn=978-1-4384-5493-1
}}
*{{cite book
|last1=Li
|first1=Yuming
|last2=Li
|first2=Wei
|title=The Language Situation in China
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PHnBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA252
|date=1 April 2014
|publisher=De Gruyter
|isbn=978-1-61451-365-0
}}
*{{cite book
|last1=Ru
|first1=Xin
|last2=Lu
|first2=Xueyi
|last3=Li
|first3=Peilin
|title=The China Society Yearbook
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ecJc4PhmqUC&pg=PA311
|date=25 March 2010
|publisher=BRILL
|isbn=978-90-04-18221-9
}}

Category:Emoticons
Category:Chinese words and phrases
Category:Chinese character components

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jiong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiong) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiong?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.