# Jimbolia

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**Jimbolia** (ʒimˈboli.a; Hungarian: *Zsombolya*; German: *Hatzfeld*; Sr-cyrl-latn: Жомбољ; [Banat Bulgarian](/source/Banat_Bulgarian_dialect): *Džimbolj*) is a [town](/source/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania) in [Timiș County](/source/Timi%C8%99_County), [Romania](/source/Romania).

## Geography

Jimbolia is located in the west of Timiș County, 39 km (24 mi) from the county seat, [Timișoara](/source/Timi%C8%99oara), which is connected by the [county road](/source/Roads_in_Romania) DJ59A and the [Kikinda](/source/Kikinda)–Jimbolia–Timișoara railway. It lies in the Banat Plain, at the contact between the Timiș Plain and the Mureș Plain. An alignment of villages marks the boundary between the two relief units: [Checea](/source/Checea)–[Cărpiniș](/source/C%C4%83rpini%C8%99)–[Satchinez](/source/Satchinez). The average altitude of the town is 82 m (269 ft). It is located at the intersection of some roads that connect Romania and Serbia, being also a rail and road border point at the frontier between the two countries.

Jimbolia's climate is characterized by average temperatures of 10.7 °C (51.3 °F) and average rainfall of 570 mm (22 in) per year. The vegetation consists of [steppe](/source/Steppe) meadows largely replaced by agricultural crops. The soils are very fertile and belong to the category of [chernozems](/source/Chernozem).[2]

## History

### Medieval period

The ancient history of the town began to be documented in 1332–1333, when a papal census of the lands of Banat for the establishment of taxes (tithe) took place. In these papal registers, the name *Chumbul* appears.[3] From the researches of Hungarian historian [Samu Borovszky](/source/Samu_Borovszky), it appears that originally it was a Cumano-Vlach locality, a fact proved by the existence of a Romanian parish.[4] This *Chumbul* is also mentioned in Hungarian documents from 1489, which speak of the existence of the communes of *Chumbul Mare* ("Great Chumbul"), *Chumbul Mic* ("Little Chumbul") and *Chumbul Intern* ("Inner Chumbul"), most likely owned by the Csomboly family.[5] The last document from this period, recorded by historian [Nicolae Ilieșiu](/source/Nicolae_Ilie%C8%99iu), shows that in 1520 there was a certain Mihai of *Chumbul*, a close man of the king.[6] After this appearance in documents from the beginning of the Middle Ages, nothing is said about this locality in documents from the Turkish rule of Banat.

### Re-establishment and colonization

The historical thread is resumed after the conquest of Banat by the Austrians, but for a period it does not appear to be inhabited. Only in 1766 was the new town born, by colonization with German population from [Mainz](/source/Mainz), [Trier](/source/Trier), [Sauer](/source/Sauer), [Pfalz](/source/Palatinate_(region)), [Lorraine](/source/Lorraine), and [Luxembourg](/source/Luxembourg). It originally consisted of two separate areas, *Landestreu* and *Hatzfeld*, a little further west, but two years later the two merged under the name *Hatzfeld*, a name given in honor of Empress [Maria Theresa](/source/Maria_Theresa)'s prime minister, [Carl Friedrich Hatzfeldt zu Gleichen](/source/Carl_Friedrich_Hatzfeldt_zu_Gleichen) (1718–1793).[7] The conditions to which the first settlers were subjected were particularly harsh: because of the swamps surrounding the settlement and the unsanitary conditions, 168 people died in the first year of establishment alone. A [plague](/source/Plague_(disease)) epidemic ensued in 1770 that killed no less than 553 people. In 1781 *Hatzfeld* was leased to [József Csekonics](/source/J%C3%B3zsef_Csekonics), then sold to him. Later, the [Csekonics family](/source/Csekonics_family) began to colonize the town with Hungarians.

### Modern period

After the [1848–1849 revolution](/source/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848), the region became part of the [Austrian Crown Land](/source/Crown_land) of the [Serbian Voivodeship and Temeswarer Banat](/source/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar). Jimbolia began to develop in the second half of the 19th century, with the rise of [industrialization](/source/Industrialization) that swept all of Banat. In 1857, the railway between [Timișoara](/source/Timi%C8%99oara) and [Kikinda](/source/Kikinda) was completed, which also passed through Jimbolia and connected further with [Szeged](/source/Szeged), being the main route from Timișoara to [Budapest](/source/Budapest) and [Vienna](/source/Vienna). Access to this railway allowed it to develop rapidly, slowed only by the [cholera](/source/Cholera) epidemic of 1873, which killed more than 1,000 people. During this period, the brick factory (1864) opened, attracting agricultural workers from all over southern Banat, especially Hungarians. Thus was born the *Futok* district (of the "fugitives", from the name given to the Hungarians fleeing from the agricultural estates).

In 1861, Emperor [Franz Joseph I](/source/Franz_Joseph_I) decreed the renewed validity of the Hungarian state constitution ([Austro-Hungarian Compromise](/source/Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867)), whereby the town once again belonged to the Hungarian part of the country, as it had before 1848.[8] Under Hungarian administration, more and more Hungarians moved to the town, which was officially called *Zsombolya* from 1899.

In 1895 the Jimbolia–[Ionel](/source/Otelec) railway was put into use. In 1906, the railway from Jimbolia to [Grabaț](/source/Lenauheim), [Lenauheim](/source/Lenauheim) and [Lovrin](/source/Lovrin) was completed, built with the help of workers from [Țara Moților](/source/%C8%9Aara_Mo%C8%9Bilor), some of whom settled in the south of the town. At the turn of the century, Jimbolia was three-quarters German and one-quarter Hungarian, with only a few Romanians and Serbs.

### Disputed by Romania and Serbia

[World War I](/source/World_War_I) radically changed the configuration of the area within which Jimbolia played a central role. From an important town in the economy of Banat, it becomes a border town. After the withdrawal of the Serbs from Timișoara and the unification of Banat with Romania, Jimbolia remained in the provisional borders of [Serbia](/source/Serbia). At the [Paris Peace Conference](/source/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)), Prime Minister [Ion I.C. Brătianu](/source/Ion_I.C._Br%C4%83tianu) demanded the recognition of the borders of a Romania that included the whole of Banat, with the border on the lower [Tisa](/source/Tisza) until its discharge into the [Danube](/source/Danube) and then the course of the Danube. However, the conference decided on the demarcation line that has been maintained until today, except for a rectification that took place in 1923. On 24 November 1923, Romania and Serbia concluded a protocol for a territorial exchange in Belgrade. Romania undertook to cede the communes of [Pardanj](/source/Me%C4%91a_(%C5%BDiti%C5%A1te)), [Modoš](/source/Ja%C5%A1a_Tomi%C4%87,_Se%C4%8Danj), [Šurjan](/source/%C5%A0urjan), [Crivobara](/source/Seca%C8%99) and [Veliki Gaj](/source/Veliki_Gaj), while Serbia ceded to Romania [Beba Veche](/source/Beba_Veche), [Cherestur](/source/Beba_Veche), [Ciorda](/source/Vrani), [Iam](/source/Berli%C8%99te) and the town of Jimbolia.[9] The latter officially became part of Romania only in 1924.

### Contemporary period

After [World War II](/source/World_War_II), Jimbolia entered a new stage of development in the [planned economy](/source/Planned_economy). In 1950 it was declared a town, then the block of flats in the station area began to be built, new industries were introduced and existing ones were developed. At the same time, the irreversible process of declining German population begins, which within a few decades becomes a minority and ends with the mass exodus after the [1989 revolution](/source/Romanian_Revolution).

## Demographics

Jimbolia had a population of 10,179 inhabitants at the 2021 census, down 5.82% from the 2011 census. Most inhabitants are [Romanians](/source/Romanians) (71.53%), larger minorities being represented by [Roma](/source/Romani_people_in_Romania) (6.1%), [Hungarians](/source/Hungarians_in_Romania) (6.08%) and [Germans](/source/Germans_of_Romania) (1.48%). For 14.33% of the population, ethnicity is unknown.[10] By religion, most inhabitants are [Orthodox](/source/Romanian_Orthodox_Church) (61.2%), but there are also minorities of [Roman Catholics](/source/Roman_Catholic) (16.94%) and [Pentecostals](/source/Pentecostal) (4.01%). For 14.87% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.[11]

Census[12] Ethnic composition Year Population Romanians Hungarians Germans Roma Serbs 1880 8,621 39 529 7,848 – 84 1890 9,580 42 718 8,602 132 84 1900 10,152 52 1,532 8,395 – 96 1910 10,893 105 2,266 8,088 – 245 1930 10,873 660 2,097 7,640 213 141 1941 10,781 859 2,066 7,245 – – 1956 11,281 3,490 2,399 4,834 298 111 1966 13,633 5,314 2,816 4,927 342 108 1977 14,682 6,065 2,896 5,021 511 79 1992 11,830 7,901 1,961 1,112 695 62 2002 11,136 8,068 1,643 515 771 53 2011 10,808 7,856 1,169 310 596 31 2021 10,179 7,282 619 151 621 21

## Politics and administration

The town of Jimbolia is administered by a mayor and a local council composed of 17 councilors. The mayor, Darius-Adrian Postelnicu, from the [National Liberal Party](/source/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)), has been in office since 2012. As from the [2024 local elections](/source/2024_Romanian_local_elections), the local council has the following composition by political parties:[13]

Party Seats Composition National Liberal Party 6 Alliance for the Union of Romanians 3 Social Democratic Party 2 Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 2 Ind. 1 Green Party 1 Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania 1 Save Romania Union 1

## Culture

In recent years, the town is experiencing a cultural revival, benefiting from very active cultural institutions: the House of Culture, six museums, a literary café and a town library.

The most prestigious of them is the Romanian-German Cultural Foundation founded by Romanian poet [Petre Stoica](/source/Petre_Stoica), with numerous national and international awards. With the main purpose of reconstituting the Romanian and German cultural and spiritual life in Banat, the foundation has in its inventory a library of 16,000 volumes in Romanian and German, some with great bibliophilic value, a collection of numismatics, philately, stamps and bookplates, important manuscripts from Romanian and German writers, paintings, engravings, and museum household objects.[2]

### Museums

- Sever Bocu Press Museum, housing tens of thousands of newspapers and magazines spanning from the early 19th century to the present day[14]
- Stefan Jäger Museum, showcasing the works of Banat Swabian painter [Stefan Jäger](/source/Stefan_J%C3%A4ger)[14]
- Railway Museum
- St. Florian Firefighters Museum
- Dr. Karl Diel Memorial House
- Petre Stoica Memorial House

## Education

In the town there are five kindergartens for preschool children, a general school (1–8) where over 1,000 students study and a school group for 1,200 students.

The Technological High School in Jimbolia has theoretical and technological classes, vocational school, night courses and post-secondary courses. Following an investment from the [Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia](/source/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia), the high school offers high schooling conditions, with modern laboratories of computer science, mechanics, electrical engineering, electronics, farm equipment repair and maintenance, welding and hydraulic-pneumatics.[15]

## Healthcare

Medical services are provided by five private medical offices, four private dental offices and a town hospital with a capacity of 125 beds.[2]

## Economy

From an economic point of view, the primary sector, [agriculture](/source/Agriculture), has a significant share. The land fund comprises 9,735 ha (24,060 acres) of [agricultural land](/source/Agricultural_land), of which 97% is arable land and 3% are grasslands and hayfields.[2]

The industrial profile of the town remains dominated by the light industry (footwear, clothing, textiles), followed by electrical and electronic engineering industries, mechanical industry and [plastics industry](/source/Plastics_industry). 58% of the active population works in the town's industry. The largest industrial companies in the town are: Vogt (electronic components), Ciocanul Prodimpex (footwear), CRH (car subassemblies), Halm (hydraulic pumps), Ani Fashion (clothing), Faulhaber (micromotors) and Kabelsysteme Hatzfeld (audio-video cables).[2]

The tertiary sector, which covers the full range of services, has a share of 38%.[2]

## Twin towns

Jimbolia has concluded twinning or collaboration agreements with:[16]

- [Kikinda](/source/Kikinda) (1992)
- [Pusztamérges](/source/Pusztam%C3%A9rges) (1996)
- [Novi Kneževac](/source/Novi_Kne%C5%BEevac) (collab., 2005)
- [Hatzfeld](/source/Hatzfeld) (collab., 2008)
- [Dunajská Streda](/source/Dunajsk%C3%A1_Streda) (2012)
- [Csanádpalota](/source/Csan%C3%A1dpalota) (2015)
- [Mórahalom](/source/M%C3%B3rahalom) (2016)
- [Trebur](/source/Trebur) (2017)

## Notable people

- [Karl Kraushaar](/source/Karl_Kraushaar) (1858–1938), pedagogue, journalist, non-fiction author and banker
- [Peter Jung](/source/Peter_Jung_(poet)) (1887–1966), poet and publicist
- [Peter Heinrich](/source/Peter_Heinrich) (1890–1944), politician
- [Alexander Krischan](/source/Alexander_Krischan) (1921–2009), historian and bibliographer
- [Herbert-Werner Mühlroth](/source/Herbert-Werner_M%C3%BChlroth) (b. 1963), journalist and translator

## References

1. ["Results of the 2024 local elections"](https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale09062024v2/). Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 7 January 2026.

1. ["Prezentarea orașului"](http://jimbolia.ro/jimbolia/prezentarea-orasului/). *Primăria orașului Jimbolia*

1. Roller, Mihail (1954). *Documente privind istoria României: C. Transilvania*. Vol. III. Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române.

1. Borovszky, Samu (1911). "Torontál vármegye". *Magyarország vármegyéi és városai*. Budapest: Országos Monografia Társaság.

1. Fényes, Elek (1847). [*Magyarország leirása*](https://books.google.com/books?id=58pnAAAAMAAJ). Vol. I. Pest: Nyomatott Beimelnél.

1. Crețan, Remus (2006). *Dicționar toponimic și geografico-istoric al localităților din județul Timiș*. Timișoara: Editura Universității de Vest. ISBN 973-7608-65-8.

1. Pavel, Sorin. ["Scurt istoric"](http://jimbolia.ro/jimbolia/scurt-istoric/). *Primăria orașului Jimbolia*

1. von Czörnig, Karl Freiherr (1861). *Statistisches Handbüchlein für die österreichische Monarchie*. Vienna: Aus der K.-K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei.

1. Dan, Petre (2005). *Hotarele românismului în date*. Bucharest: Litera Internațional. pp. 106–107.

1. ["Populația rezidentă după etnie"](https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-etno-culturale-demografice/). *RPL 2021*. Institutul Național de Statistică.

1. ["Populația rezidentă după religie"](https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-etno-culturale-demografice/). *RPL 2021*. Institutul Național de Statistică.

1. Varga, E. Árpád. ["Temes megye településeinek etnikai (anyanyelvi/nemzetiségi) adatai 1880-2002"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070610213704/http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/erd2002/tmetn02.pdf). Archived from [the original](http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/erd2002/tmetn02.pdf) on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2022-01-14.

1. ["Alegeri locale 2024"](https://istoric.rezultatevot.ro/elections/116/results?division=locality&countyId=18648&localityId=19095). *Rezultate Vot*

1. ["Muzee"](https://www.visitjimbolia.ro/muzee). *Visit Jimbolia*

1. ["Liceul Tehnologic Jimbolia"](http://portal.isjtm.ro/?p=881). *Inspectoratul Școlar Județean Timiș*

1. ["Orașe înfrățite"](http://jimbolia.ro/jimbolia/orase-infratite/). *Primăria orașului Jimbolia*

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jimbolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbolia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbolia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.