# Jiangmen

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Not to be confused with [Jingmen](/source/Jingmen).

**Jiangmen** (), [alternately](/source/Postal_map_romanization) [romanized](/source/Romanization_of_Chinese) in [Cantonese](/source/Cantonese) as **Kongmoon**, is a [prefecture-level city](/source/Prefecture-level_city) in [Guangdong](/source/Guangdong) [Province](/source/Provinces_of_China) in [southern China](/source/Southern_China). It consists of three urban districts ([Pengjiang](/source/Pengjiang_District), [Jianghai](/source/Jianghai_District), [Xinhui](/source/Xinhui,_Jiangmen)), [Heshan](/source/Heshan,_Guangdong), and the more rural [Siyi](/source/Siyi) (Xinhui, [Taishan](/source/Taishan,_Guangdong), [Kaiping](/source/Kaiping), and [Enping](/source/Enping)), which is the ancestral homeland (侨乡, [qiao'xiang](/source/Qiao'xiang)) of approximately 4 million [overseas Chinese](/source/Overseas_Chinese).[2] As of the 2020 census, Jiangmen had a total population of about 4,798,090. Its urban region, consisting of Pengjiang, Jianghai, and Heshan, had 2,657,062 inhabitants.[1]

## Names

Jiangmen is the [pinyin](/source/Pinyin) [romanization](/source/Romanization_of_Chinese) of the [Chinese](/source/Chinese_language) name [江門](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%96%80) or [江门](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8), based on its pronunciation in the [Mandarin](/source/Standard_Mandarin) [dialect](/source/Dialects_of_Chinese). Its former [Wade-Giles](/source/Wade-Giles) spelling was **Chiang-men**. The [Chinese postal romanization](/source/Chinese_postal_romanization) spelling "Kongmoon" was based upon the same name's [Cantonese](/source/Cantonese_language) pronunciation *Gong¹-moon⁴*. Other forms of the name include **Kongmoon**,[3] **Kongmun**,[4] and **Kiangmoon**.[citation needed]

Jiangmen is also known as **Pengjiang**.[clarification needed][why?] Its rural hinterland is known to the [Chinese diaspora](/source/Chinese_diaspora) as the "[Four Counties](/source/Siyi)", although the addition of [Heshan](/source/Heshan,_Guangdong) to Jiangmen has prompted the remaining locals to begin calling it the "Five Counties" instead.

## History

Jiangmen was forced to open up to western trade in 1904, after a 1902 declaration which made it a [treaty port](/source/Treaty_ports).[5] During the subsequent period of western influence, a number of western-style buildings were constructed along the city's waterfront, and currently, the city's government is partaking in a renewal project to restore many of these buildings.[citation needed]

On 6 August 1925, the Guangdong provincial government placed Jiangmen under direct administration of the provincial government.[5] Jiangmen was given a city government on 26 November of the same year.[5] In 1931, this status would be revoked, and the city was placed under the administration of [Xinhui County](/source/Xinhui_County).[5]

The city was incorporated into the People's Republic of China on 23 October 1949, and was proclaimed a city in 1951.[5] The city later became the prefectural seat for the [Sze Yup](/source/Sze_Yup) ("Four County") region including [Taishan](/source/Taishan,_Guangdong), [Kaiping](/source/Kaiping), [Xinhui](/source/Xinhui), [Enping](/source/Enping).[6] In [mainland China](/source/Mainland_China) but not [abroad](/source/Overseas_Chinese), the area became known as the "Five Counties" when [Heshan](/source/Heshan,_Guangdong) was added to Jiangmen's jurisdiction.[citation needed]

In June 1983, the city was upgraded to a [prefecture-level city](/source/Prefecture-level_city).[5]

In 2011, the city banned [pet dogs](/source/Pet_dogs) in public after [rabies](/source/Rabies) killed 42 people over the preceding 3 years.[7] The city reserved a 13-acre site to allow rural Chinese to adopt the 30,000 dogs,[7][8] but public outcry led to a softer implementation where violators would be told to leave rather than have the dog confiscated.[9]

In 2017, Jiangmen Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone ranked 64th among national hi-tech zones in China.[10]

In 2020, Jiangmen Station of the West Pearl River Delta Transportation Center opened to the public.[citation needed]

## Geography

The city is located on the lower reaches of the [Xi River](/source/Xi_River) and the [Tan River](/source/Tan_River_(Guangzhou)), in the western section of the [Pearl River Delta](/source/Pearl_River_Delta) in the middle of southern [Guangdong Province](/source/Guangdong).[5] It faces the [South China Sea](/source/South_China_Sea) in the south and is 100 kilometres (62 mi) away from [Guangzhou](/source/Guangzhou) and [Zhuhai](/source/Zhuhai) by highway.[citation needed] Jiangmen city has an area of 9,535 square kilometres (3,681 sq mi),[11] about one quarter the size of the Pearl River Delta.[citation needed]

### Climate

The climate is [subtropical](/source/Subtropical) with [monsoonal](/source/Monsoon) influences. The annual average temperature is 22.36 °C (72.25 °F).

## Economy

Jiangmen was selected by the Chinese state as a pilot city for a nationwide information programme.[which?] It was also chosen by the [Pacific Economic Cooperation Council](/source/Pacific_Economic_Cooperation_Council) (PECC) as a trial city for the Regional Integration for Sustainable Economics (RISE) project.[12] According to the [World Bank's](/source/World_Bank) "Report on Investment Environment in China" for 2005, Jiangmen was ranked the sixth most conducive city in China for investment.[2]

The economic development strategies within Jiangmen focus on the three urban districts, and the south, middle and north lines.[citation needed] It is planned to develop four main economic areas: the central urban district of the city, the Yinzhou Lake () economic area, and two economic areas along the various transport axes.[citation needed]

In 2018, the city reported a GDP of 290.041 billion [Yuan](/source/Renminbi), government revenue totaling 24.393 billion Yuan, and retail sales totaling 140.758 billion Yuan.[13] In 2024, the city reported a GDP of 4022.96 billion [Yuan](/source/Renminbi).

### Manufacturing industries

Similar to other cities in the western Pearl River Delta, the manufacturing sector plays a significant role in Jiangmen's economy. The chief industries include manufacturing of [New energy](/source/Alternative_energy), machinery, [textiles](/source/Textile), [paper](/source/Paper), food products, [electronics](/source/Electronics), and building materials.[2] Other major industries include [high-speed rail](/source/High-speed_rail), [motorcycles](/source/Motorcycles), [household appliances](/source/Household_appliance), [food processing](/source/Food_processing), [synthetic fibers](/source/Synthetic_fiber) and [garments](/source/Garments), and [stainless steel](/source/Stainless_steel) products.[citation needed] Global brand names with a presence in the city include [BP](/source/BP), [Mitsubishi Heavy Industries](/source/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries), [Hyundai](/source/Hyundai_Motor_Company), [Panasonic](/source/Panasonic), [Veolia](/source/Veolia), [Hutchison Whampoa](/source/Hutchison_Whampoa), [ABB](/source/ABB) and [Tesco](/source/Tesco).[2] Some worldwide brand which have factories in Jiangmen such include [BASF](/source/BASF), [Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings](/source/Asia_Pacific_Resources_International_Holdings) and [Lee Kum Kee](/source/Lee_Kum_Kee) foods.[citation needed]

#### Uranium processing plant

The city was the proposed site of a $6.5 billion, 40 billion renminbi, uranium processing plant which would have supplied about half of the enriched uranium needed by China's nuclear power plants. Announcement of the plant in July 2013 was met by public protests.[14] The proposal was withdrawn out of "respect for public opinion" shortly thereafter.[15]

### Jiangmen port

Jiangmen Port is the second largest [river port](/source/River_port) in Guangdong province.[16] The local government plans to develop a [harbour](/source/Harbour) industrial zone with [heavy industries](/source/Heavy_industries) to include [petrochemical](/source/Petrochemical) and machinery plants, as well as an ocean-based economy.[citation needed]

## Administration

Administrative divisions of Jiangmen ! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Division code[17] ! scope="col" rowspan=2 | English name ! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Chinese ! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Pinyin ! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Area in km2[18] ! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Population 2010[19] ! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Seat ! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Postal code ! scope="col" colspan=5 | Divisions[20] ! scope="col" width="45" | Subdistricts ! scope="col" width="45" | Towns ! scope="col" width="45" | Residential communities ! scope="col" width="45" | Administrative villages 440700 Jiangmen City 江门市 Jiāngmén Shì 9505.42 4,450,703 Pengjiang District 529000 15 61 264 1051 440703 Pengjiang District 蓬江区 Péngjiāng Qū 321.97 719,146 Huanshi Subdistrict 529000 6 3 84 56 440704 Jianghai District 江海区 Jiānghǎi Qū 109.16 254,313 Jiangnan Subdistrict 529000 3 0 23 36 440705 Xinhui District 新会区 Xīnhuì Qū 1354.72 849,155 Huicheng Subdistrict 529100 1 10 31 193 440781 Taishan City 台山市 Táishān Shì 3286.30 941,095 Taicheng Subdistrict 529200 1 16 36 277 440783 Kaiping City 开平市 Kāipíng Shì 1656.94 699,242 Changsha Subdistrict 529300 2 13 41 226 440784 Heshan City 鹤山市 Hèshān Shì 1082.73 494,938 Shaping Subdistrict 529700 1 9 26 112 440785 Enping City 恩平市 Ēnpíng Shì 1693.60 492,814 Encheng Subdistrict 529400 1 10 23 151

## Culture

Jiangmen is the ancestral homeland of approximately 4 million [overseas Chinese](/source/Overseas_Chinese), who live in 107 countries and regions throughout the world.[2] Strong oversea connections are especially found in the villages.[citation needed] The dialect spoken in Jiangmen city itself is a [Siyi Yue](/source/Siyi_Yue) dialect, but is distinct from the [Taishanese](/source/Taishanese) spoken in [Taishan City](/source/Taishan,_Guangdong).[21] Every year, A unique dragon dance is performed in water during Pan Village Lantern Festival in Shuikou Town, [Kaiping](/source/Kaiping), Jiangmen, Guangdong.

## Tourism

A significant amount of historical heritage survives from the period of mass emigration prior to [World War II](/source/World_War_II). The most significant are the fortified multi-story towers found mainly in Kaiping. These are known as "Gold Mountain Towers" or [diaolou](/source/Diaolou). A number of natural hotspring resorts has been developed successfully by using its wealthy natural heated ground water resources such as Gudou Hotspring Resort (古兜温泉). [Guifeng Mountain](/source/Guifeng_Mountain), a mountain visited by many tourists, is the peak of Jiangmen with an elevation of 545 meters above sea level. [Gulao water town](/source/Gulao_water_town), is a better original water town in the Pearl River Delta, known as "Venice of the East".

The local government's economic development strategies emphasize the development of tourism and protection of the environment.[citation needed]

## Education

### Universities and Colleges

[Wuyi University](/source/Wuyi_University_(Guangdong)) is the only university which is founded within the city, whereby it's one of the member of [Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao University Alliance (GHMUA)](https://eao.sysu.edu.cn/ghmua/en). And Guangzhou Huali College Jiangmen campus is also located in the city.

And there are also some Vocational colleges in the city:

- Jiangmen Polytechnic College, located at Chaolian Island, enrolls about 13,000 students in various technical and humanities programs.
- Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College
- Guangdong Jiangmen Preschool Normal College
- Guangdong Nanfang Institute of Technology
- Guangdong Vocational College of Post and Telecom (Jiangmen Campus)

### Secondary Education

The only [international school](/source/International_school) in Jiangmen is [Boren Sino-Canadian School](/source/Boren_Sino-Canadian_School), while bilingual schools include WuYi Country Garden Bilingual School and China-Hong Kong English School.

[Jiangmen No. 1 Middle School](/source/Jiangmen_No._1_Middle_School) is claimed[by whom?] to be the top middle school in the district. It used to be one of the best middle schools in Guangdong Province in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the quality of its education has been dropping in recent years and within the district of Jiangmen, its status is being constantly challenged by schools such as Xinhui No. 1 Middle School in Xinhui, Kaiqiao (Kaiping Emigrant) Middle School in Kiaping and Heshan No.1 Middle School in Heshan.[original research?]

## Library

The [Jingtang Library](/source/Jingtang_Library) was established in 1925, by an Overseas Chinese founder Fung Ping Shan.

## Transport

### Roads and highways

Jiangmen has a mature network of inter-city and intra-city highways and expressways, whose total length has reached 10,084.97 kilometres (6,266.51 mi) as of 2016.[22] [G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway](/source/G15_Shenyang%E2%80%93Haikou_Expressway) travels at the north, connecting downtown Jiangmen to three of its administrative divisions [Heshan](/source/Heshan,_Guangdong), [Kaiping](/source/Kaiping,_Guangdong) and [Enping](/source/Enping,_Guangdong), as well as nearby cities [Yangjiang](/source/Yangjiang), [Zhongshan](/source/Zhongshan) and [Foshan](/source/Foshan). [S32 Western Coastal Expressway](/source/S32_Western_Coastal_Expressway) goes along Jiangmen's coastlines, linking [Zhuhai](/source/Zhuhai) at the east and [Yangjiang](/source/Yangjiang) at the west. [G94 Pearl River Delta Ring Expressway](/source/G94_Pearl_River_Delta_Ring_Expressway), [S20 Guangzhou-Zhongshan-Jiangmen Expressway](/source/S20_Guangzhou-Zhongshan-Jiangmen_Expressway), [G2518 Shenzhen-Cenxi Expressway](/source/G2518_Shenzhen-Cenxi_Expressway) and [S47 Guangzhou-Foshan-Jiangmen-Zhuhai Expressway](/source/S47_Guangzhou-Foshan-Jiangmen-Zhuhai_Expressway) run through northeast Jiangmen. [S49 Xinhui-Taishan Expressway](/source/S49_Xinhui-Taishan_Expressway) connects [Taishan](/source/Taishan,_Guangdong) and joints S32 at the south.

[China National Highway 325](/source/China_National_Highway_325) is the only highway in the national trunk road system that goes into Jiangmen. Several provincial highways, such as S273, S274, S276 and S367 link the city's suburb areas to major towns.

### Railways

Although the very first railway, [Sun Ning Railway](/source/Sun_Ning_Railway), began operation in 1909, it was discontinued in 1938 to deny its use by the Japanese military. The second operational railway is the Jiangmen branch of [Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway](/source/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Zhuhai_intercity_railway) (opened 2011), which provides frequent service from [Jiangmen railway station](/source/Jiangmen_railway_station) / [Jiangmen East railway station](/source/Jiangmen_East_railway_station) to [Guangzhou South Railway Station](/source/Guangzhou_South_Railway_Station), where connections to the nation's high-speed railway network are available. Since the late 2012, Jiangmen is also served by the freight-only [Guangzhou–Zhuhai Railway](/source/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Zhuhai_Railway). [Shenzhen–Zhanjiang high-speed railway](/source/Shenzhen%E2%80%93Zhanjiang_high-speed_railway), which opened in 2018, connects Jiangmen at [Jiangmen railway station](/source/Jiangmen_railway_station) and [Xinhui railway station](/source/Xinhui_railway_station), [Shuangshuizhen railway station](/source/Shuangshuizhen_railway_station), [Taishan](/source/Taishan_railway_station_(Guangdong)), [Kaiping South railway station](/source/Kaiping_South_railway_station) and [Enping railway station](/source/Enping_railway_station). Since then, Jiangmen is served by direct trains to Shanghai.[23][Jiangmen railway station](/source/Jiangmen_railway_station) of the West Pearl River Delta Transportation Center, opened to the public on 16 November 2020. [Jiangmen north railway station](/source/Jiangmen_north_railway_station) in the West Pearl River Delta International Logistics Center, Opened in 2021.

### Ferries

Making use of the Jiangmen Port facilities, [Chu Kong Passenger Transport](/source/Chu_Kong_Passenger_Transport) (CKS) connects Jiangmen with high speed [ferry](/source/Ferry) services to [Hong Kong](/source/Hong_Kong) (95 nautical miles) taking about 2.5 hours each way. [Shanzui Harbor](/source/Shanzui_Harbor) connects Jiangmen taishan with [ferry](/source/Ferry) services to [Shangchuan Island](/source/Shangchuan_Island) and [Xiachuan Island](/source/Xiachuan_Island) taking about 30 min each way.

### Coaches

There are 18 coach terminals across Jiangmen as of 2016. 1,137 licensed coaches owned by 23 operators provide inter-county and inter-city bus services to major cities within and outside Guangdong.[24]

### Public transportation

Bus service within [Pengjiang](/source/Pengjiang_District) and [Jianghai Districts](/source/Jianghai_District) are provided by Jiangmen Bus Co. Ltd.. Bus routes in [Xinhui District](/source/Xinhui_District) were formerly operated by Macao-based Xinfuli Co., but all routes were consolidated into the city-owned bus system run by Jiangmen Automobile Transportation Group Co. Ltd. in 2010. Transit buses in other districts are operated by Jiangmen Automobile Transportation Group and other private companies.

By 2016, there are 1,077 taxicabs in Jiangmen, most of which are operated by local companies.[24]

## Notable people

Sorted by family name/surname (as per the English spelling), then by English given name (if applicable) or by Chinese given name (if no English given name is available).

- [Chin Siu Dek](/source/Chin_Siu_Dek), Grandmaster of Kung Fu San Soo
- [Victoria Chung](/source/Victoria_Chung) (1897–1966) also known as Zhang Xiaobai, Canadian physician at [Jiangmen Central Hospital](/source/Jiangmen_Central_Hospital)
- [Li Enliang](/source/Li_Enliang) (1912–2008), Chinese civil engineer and educator
- [Inky Mark](/source/Inky_Mark) (born 1947), Canadian politician, mayor of Dauphin (1994–1997) and Member of Parliament (1997–2004)
- [James Wong Howe](/source/James_Wong_Howe) (1899–1976), American cinematographer
- Tony Wong Chun-loong a.k.a. [Wong Yuk-long](/source/Wong_Yuk-long), Hong Kong comic artist, moved to Hong Kong from Jiangmen at age 6[25]
- [Tyrus Wong](/source/Tyrus_Wong) (1910–2016), American painter, muralist, ceramicist, lithographer, designer and kite maker
- [Leland Yee](/source/Leland_Yee) (born 1948), California State Senator and accused arms dealer

## See also

- [List of prefecture-level divisions of China](/source/List_of_prefecture-level_divisions_of_China)

## References

1. ["China: Guăngdōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"](https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/guangdong/admin/)

1. ["Research Report on Investment Environment of Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200716001544/https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/at/Documents/Tax/Chinese%20Services%20Group/CSG%20China_Research%20Report%20on%20Investment%20Environment%20of%20Jiangmen%20City_EN_2013.pdf). [Deloitte](/source/Deloitte). 2013. Archived from [the original](https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/at/Documents/Tax/Chinese%20Services%20Group/CSG%20China_Research%20Report%20on%20Investment%20Environment%20of%20Jiangmen%20City_EN_2013.pdf) on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2020-07-15.

1. Theodore Shabad (1956). [*China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of the Chinese People's Republic*](https://archive.org/details/chinaschangingma0000shab/page/166/mode/2up). New York: Frederick A. Praeger. p. 166. LCCN 55-11530. [OCLC 916993074](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/916993074) With the exception of Shiukwan on the Canton-Hankow railroad, Kwangtung’s regional centers are situated along the coast, notably in the Canton delta. There, in addition to Canton, are the cities of Fatshan, **Kongmoon** and Shekki. The metropolis of western Kwangtung is Tsamkong, and Pakhoi is the chief town of the western panhandle.

1. Ball, J. Dyer. (1900). ["The Shun Tak Dialect"](http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/26/2600399.pdf). *The China Review*. **25** (2): 57–68.

1. ["zh:江门市"](http://xzqh.org/html/show/gd/16010.html) [Jiangmen City] (in Chinese). *xzqh.org*. 2008-07-07. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200716003658/http://xzqh.org/html/show/gd/16010.html) 2020-07-16 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2020-07-15.

1. ["A Village That Bred Talent"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210413100310/https://www.quonquon.com/a-village-that-bred-talent.html). *QUON QUON*. Archived from [the original](https://www.quonquon.com/a-village-that-bred-talent.html) on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 2022-04-27.

1. Moore, Malcolm (4 August 2011). ["Chinese city bans dogs"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8678489/Chinese-city-bans-dogs.html). *The Telegraph*

1. Branigan, Tania. (2011). ["Cull of 30,000 pet dogs ordered after deadly rabies outbreak in Chinese city"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/03/chinese-city-bans-pet-dogs). *The Guardian*

1. ["Jiangmen ditches ban on pet dogs"](https://archive.today/20120710010144/http://gochina.scmp.com/guangzhou/news/jiangmen-ditches-ban-pet-dogs). *South China Morning Post*. 2011. Archived from [the original](http://gochina.scmp.com/guangzhou/news/jiangmen-ditches-ban-pet-dogs) on 10 July 2012.

1. ["Jiangmen Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone - investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn"](https://investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/201901/16/WS5c7cc489498e27e3380396e7/jiangmen-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone.html). *South China Morning Post*. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

1. ["the overview of Jiangmen"](http://www.jiangmen.gov.cn/newzjqx/jmgk/content/post_2991131.html). Jiangmen Government.

1. ["A brief introduction of Jiangmen"](http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/2019-11/26/content_27111304.htm). *Guangdong, China*. [China Daily](/source/China_Daily). 2019-11-26. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200715235438/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/2019-11/26/content_27111304.htm) 2020-07-15 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2020-07-15.

1. ["zh:经济综述"](http://www.jiangmen.gov.cn/newzjqx/jmgk/jjzs/index.html) [Economic Summary] (in Chinese). Jiangmen Municipal People's Government. 2019-12-02. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200426214656/http://www.jiangmen.gov.cn/newzjqx/jmgk/jjzs/index.html) 2020-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2020-07-15.

1. ["Rare Protest in China Against Uranium Plant Draws Hundreds"](https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/13/world/asia/rare-china-protest-against-uranium-plant-draws-hundreds.html). *The New York Times*. 12 July 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013.

1. ["After Rare Protest, China Cancels Plans for Uranium Plant"](https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/asia/china-uranium-plant.html). *The New York Times*. 13 July 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.

1. iContainers. ["Port of JIANGMEN"](https://www.icontainers.com/ports/jiangmen/). *iContainers*. Retrieved 2022-04-27.

1. ["zh:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码"](http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html) (in Simplified Chinese). [Ministry of Civil Affairs](/source/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs)

1. *zh:《广东统计年鉴2014》* (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Press. September 2014. ISBN 978-7-5037-7174-3.

1. Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China & Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). *zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料*. 1 ed. Beijing: [China Statistics Print](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE). ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.

1. Ministry of Civil Affairs (August 2014). *zh:《中国民政统计年鉴2014》* (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9.

1. Tan, Yutian (2017). [*Classifying Siyi Cantonese Using Quantitative Approaches*](http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502688160423343) (PhD). Ohio State University. [T]he remaining six Siyi dialects can be divided into two major groups or clusters. Cluster 1 consists of [Taishan](/source/Taishan,_Guangdong) and [Kaiping](/source/Kaiping), while Cluster 2 consists of [Xinhui](/source/Xinhui), Jiangmen, [Doumen](/source/Doumen_District), and [Enping](/source/Enping). Within Cluster 2, Enping is phonologically the most marginal member, whereas Jiangmen is lexically the most marginal member.

1. Bureau of Statistics of Jiangmen Municipality (2017-12-28). ["zh:江门统计年鉴-2017"](http://www.jiangmen.gov.cn/zwgk/tjxx/tjnj/201712/t20171228_759722.html) (in Chinese). Retrieved 2018-09-21.[dead link]

1. ["zh:D932时刻表"](http://shike.gaotie.cn/checi.asp?checi=D932) (in Simplified Chinese). gaotie.cn. Retrieved 2018-09-22.

1. Jiangmen People's Government Office of Local Chronicles. *Jiangmen Yearbook*. ISBN 9787514427752.

1. Chow, Vivienne (2015-12-13). ["'Little Rascals' head to Hangzhou: Hong Kong comic king plans a HK$800m theme park far from home"](https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1890630/little-rascals-head-hangzhou-hong-kong-comic-king-plans-hk800m-theme). *[South China Morning Post](/source/South_China_Morning_Post)* - The biographical data is in the form of an image, and is not text searchable.

## External links

- [Jiangmen International Website](https://web.archive.org/web/20131206010047/http://jm.gd.vnet.cn/) (in Chinese)

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