# Jet trainer

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Jet aircraft used for training pilots

The [Lockheed T-33](/source/Lockheed_T-33), the most produced jet trainer

A **jet trainer** is a [jet aircraft](/source/Jet_aircraft) for use as a [trainer](/source/Trainer_aircraft), whether for basic or advanced [flight training](/source/Flight_training). Jet trainers are either custom designs or modifications of existing aircraft. With the introduction of military jet-powered aircraft towards the end of World War II it became a requirement to train pilots in the handling of such aircraft.

## History

The first generation of trainers in the 1940s were modified from existing designs like the Gloster Meteor and [Lockheed T-33](/source/Lockheed_T-33) but with these were followed by custom training aircraft like the [Aero L-29 Delfín](/source/Aero_L-29_Delf%C3%ADn) and the [BAC Jet Provost](/source/BAC_Jet_Provost).

As training developed, different air forces used jet trainers for different phases of training. Although most air forces continued to use piston or later turboprop aircraft for basic training, a number of jet trainers like the [Cessna T-37 Tweet](/source/Cessna_T-37_Tweet) appeared for the early stages of pilot training. Pilots who were picked to fly fighter or strike aircraft then went on to fly more advanced training aircraft like the [Hawker Siddeley Gnat](/source/Hawker_Siddeley_Gnat).

As the early jet-trainers became obsolete then further generations have appeared, the British using the single-engine [BAE Systems Hawk](/source/BAE_Systems_Hawk) while the French ordered the [Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet](/source/Dassault%2FDornier_Alpha_Jet). In the Warsaw Pact the [Aero L-39 Albatros](/source/Aero_L-39_Albatros) became the standard jet trainer.

As the jet trainer developed, it was also used for weapon training, which led to some trainers being modified as light strike aircraft; for example, the [Cessna T-37 Tweet](/source/Cessna_T-37_Tweet) was developed into the [Cessna A-37 Dragonfly](/source/Cessna_A-37_Dragonfly).

Modern jet trainers are structurally strengthened in order to allow high stress maneuvers and aerobatics.

## List of jet trainers

Below is a list of some current and former jet trainers

An Aero L-39 Albatros

A [Spanish Air Force](/source/Spanish_Air_Force) C-101

The [JASDF](/source/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force) Kawasaki T-4

The [Republic of China Air Force](/source/Republic_of_China_Air_Force) [AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle](/source/AIDC_T-5_Brave_Eagle)

A [US Navy](/source/US_Navy) T-2 Buckeye

The [Yakovlev Yak-130](/source/Yakovlev_Yak-130)

Aircraft Country 1st flight No. built Status Aermacchi MB-326 Italy 1957 800 Limited service Aermacchi MB-339 Italy 1976 230 Operational[1] Aero L-29 Delfín Czechoslovakia 1959 3,500 Operational Aero L-39 Albatros Czechoslovakia 1968 2,800 Operational[1] Aero L-39 Skyfox Czech Republic 2018 10 Operational Aero L-59 Super Albatros Czechoslovakia 1986 60 Operational[1] Aero L-159 ALCA Czech Republic 1997 72 Operational[1] AIDC AT-3 Tzu Chung Republic of China 1980 63 Operational[1] AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle Republic of China 2020 5 Operational[2] BAC Jet Provost United Kingdom 1954 741 Retired BAE Hawk United Kingdom 1974 1,000 Operational[1] Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk United States / Sweden 2016 3 In development CASA C-101 Spain 1977 166 Operational[1] Canadair CT-133 Silver Star Canada 1952 656 Retired Canadair CT-114 Tutor Canada 1960 212 aircraft in flight for testing and aerobatic demonstrations. Cessna T-37 Tweet United States 1954 1,269 Limited service[1] Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet France / Germany 1973 480 Operational[1] Douglas TA-4E/J Skyhawk United States 1954 547 Operational Fiat G.80 Italy 1951 4 Retired FMA IA 63 Pampa Argentina 1984 27 Operational[1] Fokker S.14 Machtrainer Netherlands 1951 21 Retired Folland Gnat United Kingdom 1955 105 Retired Fouga Magister France 1952 929 Retired Fouga Zéphyr France 1959 32 Retired Fuji T-1 Japan 1958 66 Retired Mitsubishi T-2 Japan 1971 90 Retired Grumman F9F-8T/TF-9J Cougar United States 1951 400 Retired HAL HJT-16 Kiran India 1964 190 Operational[1] HAL HJT-36 Sitara India 2003 6 Limited series production HESA Yasin Iran 2019 2 In development Hispano HA-200 Spain 1955 212 Retired Hongdu JL-8/Karakorum-8 People's Republic of China / Pakistan 1990 700 Operational[1] Guizhou JL-9 People's Republic of China 2003 20 Operational Hongdu JL-10 People's Republic of China 2006 100 Operational[1] IAR 99 Romania 1985 28 Operational KAI T-50 Golden Eagle South Korea 2002 200+ Operational[1] Kawasaki T-4 Japan 1985 208 Operational[1] Leonardo M-346 Master Italy 2004 68 Operational[1] Lockheed T-33 United States 1948 6,557 Retired Lockheed T2V SeaStar United States 1953 150 Retired McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk United States 1988 221 Operational[1] Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris France 1964 165 Retired North American T-2 Buckeye United States 1959 1,146 Operational Northrop T-38 Talon[3] United States 1958 529 Operational[1] PZL I-22 Iryda Poland 1985 17 Retired PZL TS-11 Iskra Poland 1960 424 Retired Saab 105 Sweden 1963 192 Operational Soko G-2 Galeb Yugoslavia 1961 248 Limited service Soko G-4 Super Galeb Yugoslavia 1978 85 Operational[1] SIAI-Marchetti S.211 Italy 1981 60 Operational[1] TAI Hürjet Turkey 2023 2 In development Temco TT Pinto United States 1956 15 Retired Yakovlev Yak-130 Russia 1996 186 Operational[1]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-15) [***q***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-16) [***r***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-17) [***s***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-18) [***t***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-19) [***u***](#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2021_1-20) ["World Air Forces 2021"](https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=75345). Flightglobal Insight. 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [Taiwan receives first-production T-5 advanced trainer](https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/taiwan-receives-first-production-t-5-advanced-trainer) 30 NOVEMBER 2021,© Janes.com 2021 All Rights Reserved

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Factsheets : T-38 Talon : T-38 Talon](http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=126) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20051021160520/http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=126) 2005-10-21 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jet trainer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_trainer) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_trainer?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.