# Jeremiah 51

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For Jeremiah 51 in the Septuagint, see [Jeremiah 44](/source/Jeremiah_44).

**Jeremiah 51** is the fifty-first [chapter](/source/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible) of the [Book of Jeremiah](/source/Book_of_Jeremiah) in the [Hebrew Bible](/source/Hebrew_Bible) or the [Old Testament](/source/Old_Testament) of the [Christian](/source/Christianity) [Bible](/source/Bible). This book contains prophecies attributed to the [prophet](/source/Biblical_prophet) [Jeremiah](/source/Jeremiah), and is one of the [Books of the Prophets](/source/Nevi'im). This chapter contains the last of a series of "oracles against foreign nations" which commences in [chapter 46](/source/Jeremiah_46).[1] Chapters [50](/source/Jeremiah_50) and 51 focus on [Babylon](/source/Babylon).[2][3] The [New American Bible (Revised Edition)](/source/New_American_Bible_Revised_Edition) denotes this chapter as "the second oracle against Babylon", following on from "the first oracle" contained in chapter 50.[4]

## Text

The original text was written in [Hebrew](/source/Biblical_Hebrew). [This chapter is divided into](/source/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible) 64 verses.

### Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [Hebrew](/source/Hebrew_language) are of the [Masoretic Text](/source/Masoretic_Text) tradition, which includes the [Codex Cairensis](/source/Codex_Cairensis) (895), [the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets](/source/Codex_Babylonicus_Petropolitanus) (916), [Aleppo Codex](/source/Aleppo_Codex) (10th century), [Codex Leningradensis](/source/Leningrad_Codex) (1008).[5]

There is also a translation into [Koine Greek](/source/Koine_Greek) known as the [Septuagint](/source/Septuagint) (with a different chapter and verse numbering), made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [Septuagint](/source/Septuagint) version include [Codex Vaticanus](/source/Codex_Vaticanus) (**B**; \mathfrak{G}B; 4th century), [Codex Sinaiticus](/source/Codex_Sinaiticus) (**S**; [BHK](/source/Biblia_Hebraica_(Kittel)): \mathfrak{G}S; 4th century), [Codex Alexandrinus](/source/Codex_Alexandrinus) (**A**; \mathfrak{G}A; 5th century) and [Codex Marchalianus](/source/Codex_Marchalianus) (**Q**; \mathfrak{G}Q; 6th century).[6] The Septuagint version doesn't contain a part which are generally known to be verses 44d-49a in Christian Bibles.[7]

### Verse numbering

The order of chapters and verses of the Book of Jeremiah in the English Bibles, Masoretic Text (Hebrew), and [Vulgate](/source/Vulgate) (Latin), in some places differs from that in the [Septuagint](/source/Septuagint) (LXX, the Greek Bible used in the [Eastern Orthodox Church](/source/Eastern_Orthodox_Church) and others) according to [Rahlfs](/source/Alfred_Rahlfs) or [Brenton](/source/Lancelot_Charles_Lee_Brenton). The following table is taken with minor adjustments from *Brenton's Septuagint*, page 971.[7]

The order of Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint/Scriptural Study (CATSS) based on *Rahlfs' Septuaginta* (1935) differs in some details from Joseph Ziegler's critical edition (1957) in *Göttingen LXX*. *Swete's Introduction* mostly agrees with Rahlfs' edition (=CATSS).[7]

Hebrew, Vulgate, English Rahlfs' LXX (CATSS) 51:1-64 28:1-64 44:1-30 45:1-5 51:1-30 51:31-35

## Parashot

The *[parashah](/source/Parashah)* sections listed here are based on the [Aleppo Codex](/source/Aleppo_Codex).[8] Jeremiah 51 is a part of the prophecies "*Against Babylon*" in the section of *Prophecies against the nations ([Jeremiah 46](/source/Jeremiah_46)-51)*. {P}: open *parashah*; {S}: closed *parashah*.

- {S} 51:1-10 {S} 51:11-14 {S} 51:15-19 {P} 51:20-24 {S} 51:25-32 {S} 51:33-35 {S} 51:36-51 {P} 51:52-53 {S} 51:54-57 {S} 51:58 {S} 51:59-64 {P}

## Verse 1

- *Thus says the Lord:* - *"Behold, I will raise up against Babylon* - *Against those who dwell in Leb Kamai* - *A destroying wind."*[9]

- "Leb Kamai" (לבקמי): lit. "The Midst of Those Who Rise Up Against Me";[10] means "[Chaldea](/source/Chaldea)" (כשדים, *kashdim*), cryptically written using the "[Atbash](/source/Atbash)" [monoalphabetic substitution cipher](/source/Monoalphabetic_substitution_cipher) system.[11]

## Verse 41

- *"Oh, how Sheshach is taken!*
- *Oh, how the praise of the whole earth is seized!*
- *How Babylon has become desolate among the nations!"*[12]

- "[Sheshach](/source/Sheshach)" (ששך): means "[Babylon](/source/Babylon)"[13] (בבל, *babel*; also in [Jeremiah 25:26](/source/Jeremiah_25:26)), cryptically written using the "[Atbash](/source/Atbash)" [monoalphabetic substitution cipher](/source/Monoalphabetic_substitution_cipher) system.[11]

## See also

- [Ararat](/source/Ayrarat)
- [Ashkenaz](/source/Ashkenaz)
- [Babylon](/source/Babylon)
- [Bel](/source/Bel_(mythology))
- [Chaldea](/source/Chaldea)
- [Medes](/source/Medes)
- [Minni](/source/Mannaeans)
- [Zion](/source/Zion)
- Related [Bible](/source/Bible) part: [Ezekiel 27](/source/Ezekiel_27)

## References

1. Coogan 2007, pp. 1148 Hebrew Bible.

1. O'Connor 2007, p. 524.

1. Coogan 2007, pp. 1157–1164 Hebrew Bible.

1. ["Bible Gateway passage: Jeremiah 50-51 - New American Bible (Revised Edition)"](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2050-51&version=NABRE). *Bible Gateway*

1. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.

1. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.

1. ["Table of Order of Jeremiah in Hebrew and Septuagint"](https://www.ccel.org/bible/brenton/Jeremiah/appendix.html). *www.ccel.org*

1. As reflected in the [Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English](http://mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0.htm).

1. [NKJV](/source/New_King_James_Version)

1. Note [a] on Jeremiah 51:1 in [New King James Version](/source/New_King_James_Version)

1. Paul Y. Hoskisson. ["Jeremiah's Game"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130701184123/http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=1&id=895). *Insights*. Vol. 30, no. 1. Archived from [the original](http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=1&id=895) on 1 July 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.

1. NKJV

1. Note [c] on Jeremiah 51:41 in [New King James Version](/source/New_King_James_Version)

## Sources

- Coogan, Michael David (2007). [*The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48*](https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ). Augmented 3rd ed. Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810.
- Huey, F. B. (1993). [*The New American Commentary - Jeremiah, Lamentations: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, NIV Text*](https://books.google.com/books?id=HBguYZCdAM4C). B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401165.
- O'Connor, Kathleen M. (2007). ["23. Jeremiah"](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ). *The Oxford Bible Commentary*. first (paperback) ed. Barton, John & Muddiman, John (eds.). Oxford University Press. pp. 487–533. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- Thompson, J. A. (1980). [*A Book of Jeremiah*](https://archive.org/details/bookofjeremiah00thom). The [New International Commentary on the Old Testament](/source/New_International_Commentary_on_the_Old_Testament). illustrated, revised ed. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802825308.
- Würthwein, Ernst (1995). [*The Text of the Old Testament*](https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC). Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

## External links

### Jewish

- [Jeremiah 51 Hebrew with Parallel English](https://web.archive.org/web/20020706062937/http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1151.htm)

### Christian

- [Jeremiah 51, English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate](http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=28&c=51)

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