# Jenica Atwin > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Jenica_Atwin > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Jenica_Atwin.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenica_Atwin > Source revision: 1353734347 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Canadian politician (born 1987)}} {{use Canadian English|date=February 2020}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = | name = Jenica Atwin | image = Jenica Atwin2023.jpg | caption = Atwin in 2023 | riding = [Fredericton](/source/Fredericton_(federal_electoral_district)) | parliament = Canadian | term_start = {{start date|2019|10|21}} | term_end = March 23, 2025 | predecessor = [Matt DeCourcey](/source/Matt_DeCourcey) | successor = [David Myles](/source/David_Myles_(Canadian_politician)) | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|01|10}}[https://twitter.com/davidakin/status/1348401744057954306 David Akin on Twitter: Happy 34th birthday to Fredericton MP @JenicaAtwin!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610201044/https://twitter.com/davidakin/status/1348401744057954306 |date=2021-06-10 }} Twitter.com{{cite web|url=https://www.airdrietoday.com/national-news/new-federal-green-member-looks-to-learn-from-may-not-replace-her-1763316|title=New federal Green member looks to learn from May, not replace her|publisher=The Canadian Press|date=2019-10-22|access-date=2019-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022225756/https://www.airdrietoday.com/national-news/new-federal-green-member-looks-to-learn-from-may-not-replace-her-1763316|archive-date=2019-10-22|url-status=live}} | birth_place = [Oromocto](/source/Oromocto), [New Brunswick](/source/New_Brunswick), Canada | death_date = | death_place = | profession = | party = [Liberal](/source/Liberal_Party_of_Canada) | footnotes = | spouse = Chris Atwin | children = 2 tye atwin | birth_name = Jenica Powell | other_party = [Green](/source/Green_Party_of_Canada) (2019–2021) | parents = Bob Powell (father)
[Ron Tremblay](/source/Ron_Tremblay) (stepfather) | office1 = [Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Indigenous Services](/source/Indigenous_Services_Canada) | term_start1 = September 16, 2023 | term_end1 = March 23, 2025 }} '''Jenica Atwin''' ({{née|'''Powell'''}}; born January 10, 1987) is a [Canadian](/source/Canadians) politician who was elected to represent the [riding](/source/electoral_district_(Canada)) of [Fredericton](/source/Fredericton_(federal_electoral_district)) in the [House of Commons of Canada](/source/House_of_Commons_of_Canada) in the [2019 Canadian federal election](/source/2019_Canadian_federal_election). Atwin was the first [Member of Parliament](/source/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)) of the [Green Party of Canada](/source/Green_Party_of_Canada) to be elected outside of [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia) and the first woman to be elected in the riding of Fredericton. In June 2021, she [crossed the floor](/source/Crossing_the_floor) from the Green Party to the [Liberal Party of Canada](/source/Liberal_Party_of_Canada), and was re-elected as a Liberal three months later in the [2021 federal election](/source/2021_Canadian_federal_election). She declined to run in the [2025 federal election](/source/2025_Canadian_federal_election). Before politics, Atwin was an education consultant and researcher at a First Nations Education Centre. She was a candidate for mayor of [Fredericton](/source/Fredericton%2C_New_Brunswick) in the [2026 New Brunswick municipal elections](/source/2026_New_Brunswick_municipal_elections), placing second behind [Steve Hicks](/source/Steve_Hicks). ==Early life and education== Jenica Atwin was born Jenica Powell and grew up in [Oromocto](/source/Oromocto), New Brunswick.{{cite web|url=https://govguide.ca/jenica-atwin/|title=Jenica Atwin profile|publisher=Gov Guide|access-date=2019-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022233207/https://govguide.ca/jenica-atwin/|archive-date=2019-10-22|url-status=live}} Her father Bob Powell is the mayor of [Oromocto](/source/Oromocto).{{cite news|last1=Mercer|first1=Greg|date=October 22, 2019|title=Jenica Atwin, New Brunswick's first Green MP, might soon become a household name|publisher=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-jenica-atwin-new-brunswicks-first-green-mp-might-soon-become-a/|url-status=live|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023071658/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-jenica-atwin-new-brunswicks-first-green-mp-might-soon-become-a/|archive-date=23 October 2019}} Her stepfather is Ron Tremblay, the [Wolastoq](/source/Wolastoq) Grand Chief.{{cite web|last=O'Donnell|first=Susan|date=2019-05-24|title=Climate Strike #4 at the NB Legislature: "Change needs to happen"|url=http://nbmediacoop.org/2019/05/24/climate-strike-4-at-the-nb-legislature-change-needs-to-happen/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022233206/http://nbmediacoop.org/2019/05/24/climate-strike-4-at-the-nb-legislature-change-needs-to-happen/|archive-date=2019-10-22|access-date=2019-10-23|publisher=NB Media Co-op}} In high school, she was class president. She completed a Master's in Education at the [University of New Brunswick](/source/University_of_New_Brunswick).{{cite web|last=Dutt|first=Caitlin|date=October 23, 2019|title=Thinking Green|url=http://theaquinian.net/thinking-green/|access-date=June 1, 2020|website=The Aquinian|archive-date=October 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024142904/http://theaquinian.net/thinking-green/|url-status=live}} In 2016, Atwin co-organized a spin-off of [We Day](/source/We_Day) focused on introducing First Nations youth to one another and helping those who have recently moved off of reserves.{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/indigenous-we-day-highschool-students-1.3879043|title=First Nations We Day brings 700 Indigenous youth together|first=Oscar|last=Baker|publisher=CBC|date=2016-12-05|access-date=2019-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615142104/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/indigenous-we-day-highschool-students-1.3879043|archive-date=2019-06-15|url-status=live}} This took place during Atwin's four years as a cultural transition coordinator and researcher with First Nation Education Initiative Incorporated.{{cite web|url=https://www.wovenstories.ca/change-makers/2017/12/3/jenica-atwin-ive-been-a-rule-breaker-my-whole-life-2-ftbgs+|title=Jenica Atwin, I've been a rule-breaker my whole life|publisher=Woven Stories|date=2018-02-10|access-date=2019-10-23}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|date=October 21, 2019|title=Voters elect first Green candidate ever outside B.C.|url=https://election.ctvnews.ca/voters-elect-first-green-candidate-ever-outside-b-c-1.4648992|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022124533/https://election.ctvnews.ca/voters-elect-first-green-candidate-ever-outside-b-c-1.4648992|archive-date=October 22, 2019|access-date=October 21, 2019|publisher=CTV News}} == Federal politics == Atwin was elected to represent the [riding](/source/electoral_district_(Canada)) of [Fredericton](/source/Fredericton_(federal_electoral_district)) in the [House of Commons of Canada](/source/House_of_Commons_of_Canada) in the [2019 Canadian federal election](/source/2019_Canadian_federal_election), defeating incumbent MP [Matt DeCourcey](/source/Matt_DeCourcey).{{cite web|date=October 21, 2019|title=Canada election results: Fredericton|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5819180/canada-election-fredericton/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022135203/https://globalnews.ca/news/5819180/canada-election-fredericton/|archive-date=October 22, 2019|access-date=October 21, 2019|publisher=Global News}} She was the first Member of Parliament of the [Green Party of Canada](/source/Green_Party_of_Canada) to be elected outside of [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia), the first [third-party](/source/Official_party_status) candidate to win the [electoral district of Fredericton](/source/Fredericton_(federal_electoral_district)) or its predecessor districts, which have traditionally alternated between [Conservative](/source/Conservative_Party_of_Canada) and [Liberal](/source/Liberal_Party_of_Canada) [Members of Parliament](/source/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)) (MPs), and the first woman to be elected in the riding of Fredericton.{{cite web|date=October 21, 2019|title=Jenica Atwin wins Fredericton federal race in historic campaign|url=https://www.thebruns.ca/articles/jenica-atwin-wins-fredericton-federal-race-in-historic-campaign|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022040527/https://www.thebruns.ca/articles/jenica-atwin-wins-fredericton-federal-race-in-historic-campaign|archive-date=October 22, 2019|access-date=October 22, 2019}}{{cite web|date=October 21, 2019|title=Jenica Atwin captures historic win for the Greens in New Brunswick campaign|url=https://www.thompsoncitizen.net/jenica-atwin-captures-historic-win-for-the-greens-in-new-brunswick-1.23983925|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022042005/https://www.thompsoncitizen.net/jenica-atwin-captures-historic-win-for-the-greens-in-new-brunswick-1.23983925|archive-date=October 22, 2019|access-date=October 22, 2019}} Along with fellow Green MPs [Paul Manly](/source/Paul_Manly) and leader [Elizabeth May](/source/Elizabeth_May), Atwin's election created the largest Green caucus ever at three.{{Cite news|last=Cochrane|first=David|date=June 10, 2021|title=Green MP Jenica Atwin crossing the floor to join the Liberals|work=[CBC News](/source/CBC_News)|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jenica-atwin-joining-the-liberals-1.6060501|access-date=June 10, 2021|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610170130/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jenica-atwin-joining-the-liberals-1.6060501|url-status=live}} In April 2021, Atwin introduced her first private members’ bill, Bill C-285, which would impose a nationwide ban on the use of [glyphosate](/source/glyphosate) on forests and fields across Canada, stating that the use of glyphosate is a menace to human health, and plant and wildlife diversity.{{cite web|date=2021-04-15|title=MP Jenica Atwin tables private members' bill to ban the use of glyphosate in Canada|url=https://nbmediacoop.org/2021/04/15/mp-jenica-atwin-tables-private-members-bill-to-ban-the-use-of-glyphosate-in-canada/|access-date=2021-04-16|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415184850/https://nbmediacoop.org/2021/04/15/mp-jenica-atwin-tables-private-members-bill-to-ban-the-use-of-glyphosate-in-canada/|url-status=live}} In May 2021, in response to the [2021 Israel–Palestine crisis](/source/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis), Atwin condemned Israeli airstrikes in the [Gaza Strip](/source/Gaza_Strip) and called Israel's control of the area [apartheid](/source/Apartheid_(crime)). Atwin also called out Green Party leader [Annamie Paul](/source/Annamie_Paul)'s statement on the conflict calling for de-escalation and more dialogue as "totally inadequate". In response, Paul's senior advisor Noah Zatzman blasted Atwin and fellow Green MP [Paul Manly](/source/Paul_Manly) in a May 14 Facebook post, calling their statements regarding the crisis "appalling" and antisemitic, and saying "we will work to defeat you."{{Cite web|last1=Silver|first1=Janet E.|date=2021-06-10|title=MP Atwin's departure the culmination of months of Green Party chaos|url=https://ipolitics.ca/2021/06/10/mp-atwins-departure-the-culmination-of-months-of-green-party-chaos/|access-date=2021-07-18|website=iPolitics|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613022201/https://ipolitics.ca/2021/06/10/mp-atwins-departure-the-culmination-of-months-of-green-party-chaos/|url-status=live}} This followed a statement published on the party website that quoted Paul regarding the crisis,{{Cite web|title=Green Party Statement on violence in Israel and Gaza|url=https://www.greenparty.ca/en/statement/2021-05-10/green-party-statement-violence-israel-and-gaza|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Green Party of Canada|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718221553/https://www.greenparty.ca/en/statement/2021-05-10/green-party-statement-violence-israel-and-gaza|url-status=live}} which Atwin responded to with a statement that both reiterated support for the official party policy{{Cite web|title=Green Party of Canada updates Israel-Palestine Conflict policy|url=https://www.greenparty.ca/en/backgrounder/2016-12-04/green-party-canada-updates-israel-palestine-policy|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Green Party of Canada|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718221604/https://www.greenparty.ca/en/backgrounder/2016-12-04/green-party-canada-updates-israel-palestine-policy|url-status=live}} on the [Israeli–Palestinian conflict](/source/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict) of expecting MPs to oppose the siege of Gaza and [illegal settlements](/source/Israeli_settlement), and described the statement quoting Paul as "totally inadequate".{{Cite web|date=2021-06-12|title=Jenica Atwin, MP for Fredericton Députée on Twitter: "It is a totally inadequate statement. Forced Evictions must end! I stand with Palestine and condemn the unthinkable air strikes in Gaza. End Apartheid! #SaveSheikhJarrah…"|url=https://twitter.com/JenicaAtwin/status/1392085925665071108|access-date=2021-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612013837/https://twitter.com/JenicaAtwin/status/1392085925665071108|archive-date=2021-06-12}} Atwin subsequently [crossed the floor](/source/Crossing_the_floor) and joined the Liberal Party on June 10, citing lack of support from Paul's leadership after Zatzman's threat.{{Cite news|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=2021-06-13|title=Liberals approached me to cross the floor, issues with Green leader 'irreconcilable': Atwin|work=CTV News|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/liberals-approached-me-to-cross-the-floor-issues-with-green-leader-irreconcilable-atwin/|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613113553/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-approached-me-to-cross-the-floor-issues-with-green-leader-irreconcilable-atwin-1.5467087|url-status=live}} Paul disagreed with this account and commented the events had nothing to do with Zatzman or her;{{Cite web|publisher=CPAC|date=2021-06-10|title=Green Party Leader Annamie Paul reacts to Jenica Atwin joining Liberals – June 10, 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fabHaMY7v14|access-date=2021-06-13|via=YouTube|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613210604/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fabHaMY7v14|url-status=live}} however, Manly and May, the remaining Green MPs, issued a statement stating: "Unfortunately, the attack against Ms. Atwin by the Green Party leader's chief spokesperson on May 14th created the conditions that led to this crisis."{{Cite news|agency=The Canadian Press|date=2021-06-10|title=Island Green MPs have "no intention" of leaving the party after 'heartbreaking' departure|work=Saanich News|url=https://www.saanichnews.com/news/island-green-mps-have-no-intention-of-leaving-the-party-after-heartbreaking-departure/|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=2021-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612064358/https://www.saanichnews.com/news/island-green-mps-have-no-intention-of-leaving-the-party-after-heartbreaking-departure/|url-status=live}} On June 14, 2021, shortly after joining the Liberal caucus, Atwin apologized for her earlier remarks, saying that she "regrets her choice of words" and adding: "Palestinians are suffering. Israelis are also suffering as well as their loved ones in Canada and around the world."{{Cite web|date=2021-06-14|title=New Liberal MP Jenica Atwin walks back anti-Israel rhetoric|url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2021/06/14/new-liberal-mp-jenica-atwin-walks-back-anti-israel-rhetoric.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=thestar.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730062129/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2021/06/14/new-liberal-mp-jenica-atwin-walks-back-anti-israel-rhetoric.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=Bryden|first=Joan|date=2021-06-14|title=Former Green MP Jenica Atwin adjusts position on Israel after joining Liberal caucus|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/former-green-mp-jenica-atwin-adjusts-position-on-israel-after-joining-liberal-caucus/|access-date=2021-07-19|website=CTVNews|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628134358/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/former-green-mp-jenica-atwin-adjusts-position-on-israel-after-joining-liberal-caucus-1.5469736|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Fredericton MP Jenica Atwin says she 'regrets' her comments regarding Israel|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7948126/fredericton-mp-jenica-atwin-regrets-comments-israel/|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Global News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729055045/https://globalnews.ca/news/7948126/fredericton-mp-jenica-atwin-regrets-comments-israel/|url-status=live}} On September 16, 2023, Atwin was named Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Indigenous Services.{{Cite web |last= |date=September 16, 2023 |title=Prime Minister welcomes new parliamentary secretary team |url=https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2023/09/16/prime-minister-justin-trudeau-welcomes-new-parliamentary-secretary-team |access-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-date=September 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921065727/https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2023/09/16/prime-minister-justin-trudeau-welcomes-new-parliamentary-secretary-team |url-status=live }} In August 2024, Atwin sponsored three [Palestine](/source/Palestine)-related petitions, one calling for [Canada Pension Plan](/source/Canada_Pension_Plan) divestment from Israel, another calling for the teaching of the [Nakba](/source/Nakba) in school curriculums, and a third calling for the House of Commons to "re-evaluate the [Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada](/source/Immigration%2C_Refugees_and_Citizenship_Canada) program for Gaza".{{cite news |last1=Huras |first1=Adam |title=Atwin on why she's sponsoring three pro-Palestinian petitions |url=https://tj.news/new-brunswick/atwin-on-why-shes-sponsoring-three-pro-palestinian-petitions |access-date=August 14, 2024 |work=[Telegraph-Journal](/source/Telegraph-Journal) |date=August 14, 2024}} During the [2024–2025 Canadian political crisis](/source/2024%E2%80%932025_Canadian_political_crisis), Atwin was one of many Liberal MPs to request that Prime Minister [Justin Trudeau](/source/Justin_Trudeau) resign. In January 2025, Atwin decided not to run in the [2025 Canadian federal election](/source/2025_Canadian_federal_election).{{Cite news |date=January 22, 2025 |title=Fredericton MP joins exodus of Liberals not seeking another term in next election |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/fredericton-mp-jenica-atwin-1.7438496 |access-date=January 24, 2025 |work=[CBC News](/source/CBC_News)}} ==Personal life== Atwin placed sixth in a 2010 [World Series of Poker Circuit](/source/World_Series_of_Poker_Circuit) ladies tournament in [Louisiana](/source/Louisiana).{{cite magazine|url=http://www.anteupmagazine.com/rw/issues/pdf/July_2010.pdf|title=WSOP Circuit Event|magazine=Ante Up|date=July 2010|access-date=2019-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223154756/http://www.anteupmagazine.com/rw/issues/pdf/July_2010.pdf|archive-date=2011-12-23|url-status=live}} She is married to [Oromocto First Nation](/source/Oromocto) band councillor Chris Atwin and has two sons.{{cite web|url=https://wickedideas.ca/wicked-ideas/candidate-jenica-atwins-family-inspires-her-to-seek-greater-understanding-between-indigenous-and-non-indigenous-people/|title=Candidate Jenica Atwin's family inspires her to seek greater understanding between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people|first=Oscar|last=Baker|publisher=Wicked Ideas|date=2018-09-21|access-date=2019-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023015601/https://wickedideas.ca/wicked-ideas/candidate-jenica-atwins-family-inspires-her-to-seek-greater-understanding-between-indigenous-and-non-indigenous-people/|archive-date=2019-10-23|url-status=live}} == Awards == In 2021, Atwin was selected as the "Rising Star" among ''[Maclean's](/source/Maclean's)'' 12th annual Parliamentarians of the Year.{{Cite web |title=The winners of the Maclean's Parliamentarians of the Year Awards |url=https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/the-winners-of-the-macleans-parliamentarians-of-the-year-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325173522/https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/the-winners-of-the-macleans-parliamentarians-of-the-year-awards/ |archive-date=2021-03-25 |access-date=2021-01-13 |website=[Maclean's](/source/Maclean's)}} ==Electoral record== ===Federal=== {{2021 Canadian federal election/Fredericton}} {{2019 Canadian federal election/Fredericton}} ===Provincial=== {{CANelec/top|NB|2018|percent=yes|change=no|prelim=no|New Maryland-Sunbury}} {{CANelec|NB|PC|[Jeff Carr](/source/Jeff_Carr_(Canadian_politician))|3,844|41.2|+0.25}} {{CANelec|NB|PANB|Morris Shannon|2,214|23.7|+23.7}} {{CANelec|NB|Liberal|Alex Scholten|2,210|23.7|−7.64}} {{CANelec|NB|Green|'''Jenica Atwin'''|902|9.7|+3.57}} {{CANelec|NB|NDP|[Mackenzie Thomason](/source/Mackenzie_Thomason)|143|1.5|−20.08}} {{CANelec|NB|KISS|Danelle Titus|14|0.2|+0.2}} {{CANelec/hold|NB|PC}} {{CANelec/source|Source: [Elections New Brunswick](/source/Elections_New_Brunswick){{Cite web |url=https://www.electionsnb.ca/content/dam/enb/pdf/2018ProvRpt.pdf |title=Thirty-Ninth General Election September 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525202504/https://www.electionsnb.ca/content/dam/enb/pdf/2018ProvRpt.pdf |archive-date=May 25, 2019 |pages=14–15 |publisher=Elections New Brunswick}}|}} {{end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *{{Canadian Parliament links|ID=20109}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Atwin, Jenica}} Category:Living people Category:Green Party of Canada MPs Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from New Brunswick Category:People from Sunbury County, New Brunswick Category:Politicians from Fredericton Category:Women members of the House of Commons of Canada Category:Canadian women educators Category:21st-century Canadian women politicians Category:1987 births Category:21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada Category:Canadian anti-Zionists Category:Canadian activists for Palestinian solidarity Category:Canadian politicians who switched parties --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jenica Atwin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenica_Atwin) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenica_Atwin?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.