# Jean-Joseph Tranchot

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Jean-Joseph_Tranchot
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Jean-Joseph_Tranchot.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Tranchot
> Source revision: 1340956549
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Jean-Joseph Tranchot Born (1752-01-02)January 2, 1752 Kœur-la-Petite, France Died April 30, 1815(1815-04-30) (aged 63) Montlhéry, France Occupation Cartographer

**Jean-Joseph Tranchot** (January 2, 1752 – April 30, 1815) was a French military [cartographer](/source/Cartographer). He is most well known for his topographical survey of the [Rhineland](/source/Rhineland) under [Napoleon](/source/Napoleon), and his assistance in measuring the [meridian arc](/source/Meridian_arc) of France with astronomer [Pierre Méchain](/source/Pierre_M%C3%A9chain) to determine to length of the [meter](/source/Meter).

## Biography

Tranchot was born on January 2, 1752, in [Kœur-la-Petite](/source/K%C5%93ur-la-Petite), [France](/source/France).[1] His parents were Remigius Tranchot, a carpenter, and Maria Maury.[2]

Tranchot was first employed as a cartographer in 1774 in the triangulation of Corsica, which had been ordered by an edict from the French crown in 1770.[3] Upon completion of this task, Tranchot studied astronomy with [Pierre Méchain](/source/Pierre_M%C3%A9chain) before he was given orders to triangulate and link his Corsica map with neighboring Sardinia and coastal Tuscany. This task was completed with use of a new invention, the [repeating circle](/source/Repeating_circle),[4] from 1788 to 1791, and he was subsequently recognized by the Méchain and the [French Academy of Sciences](/source/French_Academy_of_Sciences) for his work.[3]

Following the cartography of these Mediterranean islands, Tranchot was approached by the French Academy of Sciences to accompany Méchain as his primary adjutant in measuring the southern part of meridian arc of France. This project, spanning 1791 to 1799, started in [Barcelona](/source/Barcelona) and ended at [Rodez](/source/Rodez), and the resulting measurement became the basis for the metric system's unit of length, the meter.[4] Alongside working with Méchain, Tranchot assisted [Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre](/source/Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Delambre) in measuring the baseline at [Perpignan](/source/Perpignan) to assist in the meridian survey.[4]

In 1794, Tranchot was appointed to the scientific staff of the [Dépôt de la Guerre](/source/D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_la_Guerre).[1] By 1801, the French government under [Napoleon](/source/Napoleon) promoted him to the rank of Colonel and tasked him with mapping the [Rhineland](/source/Rhineland)'s topography.[5] This final work lasted from 1801 until 1814. In this time, Tranchot completed 167 maps of the area, now known as the "Tranchot Maps". The project was finished in 1828 by [Karl Freiherr von Müffling](/source/Karl_Freiherr_von_M%C3%BCffling).[1]

Tranchot died in 1815 from a stroke.

## Tranchot Maps

		- Rhineland quadrants surveyed by Tranchot

		- Survey of [Kleve, Germany](/source/Kleve)

		- Survey of [Bergheim, Germany](/source/Bergheim%2C_North_Rhine-Westphalia)

## References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Tranchot Maps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tranchot_Maps).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Saarland_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Saarland_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Saarland_1-2) ["Saarland Biografien"](http://www.saarland-biografien.de/frontend/php/ergebnis_detail.php?id=277). *www.saarland-biografien.de* (in German). Retrieved 31 August 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Willems, Bernhard (1955). *Colonel Tranchot and the Tranchot Stone on the High Fens*. Eupen. p. 3.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Augoyat_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Augoyat_3-1) Augoyat, Antoine-Marie (1822). [*Notice sur M. Maissiat, chef d'escadron au Corps royal des ingénieurs-géographes militaires, suivie de notices sur la carte des ex-quatre départemens réunis de la rive gauche du Rhin, et sur M. Tranchot, colonel au Corps royal des ingénieurs-géographes militaires*](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5624353d/f45.item) (in French). Paris: Anselin er Pochard. Retrieved 31 August 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Alder_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Alder_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Alder_4-2) Alder, Ken (2002). *The Measure of All Things : The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error that Transformed the World*. New York: Free Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0743216760](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0743216760).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [*Antologia Militare*](https://www.nam-sism.org/Articoli/NAM%20695%20Articolo%20n.%201%20%20-%20FARRUGGIA.pdf) (PDF). 1 February 2020. pp. 21–22. Retrieved 31 August 2021.

Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND WorldCat National United States Italy Netherlands Belgium Artists Scientific illustrators People Deutsche Biographie DDB Other IdRef Yale LUX

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jean-Joseph Tranchot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Tranchot) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Tranchot?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.