# Jawne
> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Jawne
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Jawne.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawne
> Source revision: 1339596211
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
{{Infobox school
| name = Jawne
| native_name = יבנה
| image = centered|200px
| alt =
| caption = The Löwenbrunnen (Lions' Fountain) at [Erich Klibansky Platz](/source/Erich_Klibansky_Platz) is a memorial to the Jawne
| motto =
| motto_translation =
| location = Cologne
| country = Germany
| coordinates = {{coord|50|56|23.55|N|6|56|41.36|E|source:hewiki_region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}}
| other_name =
| former_name =
| type = Reformrealgymnasium
| religious_affiliation =
| established = {{Start date|1919|df=yes}}
| founder = Rabbi Emanuel Carlebach
| closed =
| school_board =
| district =
| authority =
| oversight =
| principal =
| head =
| staff =
| faculty =
| grades =
| gender =
| age_range =
| enrollment =
| enrollment_as_of =
| language =
| campus_size =
| campus_type =
| colors =
| teams =
| accreditation =
| publication =
| newspaper =
| yearbook =
| affiliation = Jewish
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
thumb|Certificate of attendance from Jawne, 1937
The '''Jawne''' ([Hebrew](/source/Hebrew_language): יבנה) was a Jewish ''Reformrealgymnasium'' (reform grammar school) in [Cologne](/source/Cologne).
== Name ==
The school took its name from the town of [Yavne](/source/Yavne) near [Tel Aviv](/source/Tel_Aviv), where the Jewish Supreme Court, the [Sanhedrin](/source/Sanhedrin), after the destruction of [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem) in 70 CE, tried to maintain the Jewish traditions with a school of Jewish law.
== History ==
The Jawne in Cologne was the first and only Jewish secondary school in the [Rhineland](/source/Rhineland). It was founded by Rabbi Emanuel Carlebach (1874–1927), brother of rabbi [Ephraim Carlebach](/source/Ephraim_Carlebach), of the congregation Adass Jeshurum around Easter 1919, was built in 1921 and was recognized by the state in 1925 as a ''Real-Progymnasium'' and ''Lizeum'', with the rights of a semi-public institution.[Adolf Kober, Cologne, p. 271]
Rabbi Carlebach had founded in 1907 a private elementary school by the name of ''Moriah''.
On September 28, 1929, its official name was changed to ''Privats Jüdisches Reform-Realgymnasium mit Realschule für Knaben und Mädchen''. The Jawne school position was strengthened when, on April 27, 1928, it entered into an agreement with the executive board of the Cologne community whereby, for a period of five years, this school would receive an annual stipend. In return the school was to be administered by a board of governors, the majority of whom were appointed by the executive board of the Jewish community. Its teachers and directors had to be of conservative religious views. From April 9, 1929, its director was Dr. [Erich Klibansky](/source/Erich_Klibansky).
During the school year 1930–31 the pupils numbered 103 boys and 75 girls, during 1936–1937 the total number of students, boys and girls, was 410.[Adolf Kober, Cologne, p. 272]
Klibanksy recognized early the Nazi danger. He reacted reinforcing the lessons in English and [Modern Israeli Hebrew](/source/Modern_Israeli_Hebrew) to prepare his students to a life out of Germany. Already in 1933 he said without illusion: "To which school do I send my child? This question is today decided. One cannot answer that we should not take ourselves back into the ghetto, because the process of exclusion by the German people towards us Jews is in full swing."
Erich Klibansky and his teachers planned after 1938 to evacuate the whole school to the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom), and organized to this end the [Kindertransport](/source/Kindertransport). The outward voyage by train and ship could be done only without the company of their parents. He thus succeeded to let a part of his students leave for England.[{{cite news | title = Corso – Schalom | publisher = Deutschlandfunk}}]
At least 130 Jewish children from Cologne were able to survive.
After the breakout of the [Second World War](/source/Second_World_War) this was no longer possible. Klibansky, his family and the remaining students were deported in 1942 along with more than 1,000 other Cologne Jews to near [Minsk](/source/Minsk) and killed there without exception.
== Remembrance ==
In the Jawne Memorial and Educational Center, that is located in the area of the destroyed school, its history is remembered with exhibitions. A permanent exhibition "The children from the other schoolyard. The story of the Jawne 1919-1942" conceived by the historian Cordula Lissner opened in 2007. The area, thanks to the insistent efforts of citizens of Cologne, was named in 1990 [Erich Klibansky Platz](/source/Erich_Klibansky_Platz). In the small square is the Löwenbrunnen (Lions' Fountain) designed by the sculptor and surviving student of the school, Hermann Gurfinkel. The fountain serves as a memorial and lists the names of the children killed. In November 2008 the initiative was honored by the prize "Aktiv für Demokratie und Toleranz",[{{cite web |url=http://www.report-k.de/content/view/11892/40/ |title=Lern- und Gedenkort Janwe mit dem Preis "Aktiv für Demokratie und Toleranz" geehrt - report-k.de - Kölns Internetzeitung |accessdate=2011-03-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719074735/http://www.report-k.de/content/view/11892/40/ |archivedate=2011-07-19 }}] in December 2009 by the Cologne Bilz-Prize of the ''Bilz-Foundation''.
In 2009, the preservation of the memorial was threatened because the rooms used were no longer to be provided free of charge by the landlord, as was previously the case, but the association was to pay a "standard rent."[[http://www.sgk.de/index.php/gb-lesen/items/gemeindeblatt-20jahrgang-nr112009.html?file=tl_files/sgk/Gemeindeblatt/2009/November/GB_November09_Seite15.pdf Gemeindeblatt der Synagogengemeinde Köln, November 2009, p. 15:] ''Lern- und Gedenkort Jawne akut gefährdet. Allianz kündigt das bisherige stille Sponsoring auf und verlangt „handelsübliche Miete“''] Protests against this change were successful and at the beginning of 2010, an amicable settlement was reached, and the Jawne received a permanent guarantee of existence.
The memorial is run by a working group of about 20 members in conjunction with the [EL-DE Haus](/source/EL-DE_Haus). The Landschaftsverband Rheinland (Rhineland Regional Association) honored this commitment on September 10, 2013, it awarded its [Rheinlandtaler Award](/source/Rhineland_Medal) to the two long-time Jawne employees Ursula Reuter and Adrian Stellmacher on behalf of the staff of the working group.[[http://www.hagalil.com/archiv/2013/09/12/jawne-3/ Note on hagalil.com and article in the Jüdische Allgemeine from 12 September 2013]]
==External links==
* [https://www.jawne.de/en/ Yavne Memorial and Educational Center] - Information about the historical Jawne and the memorial site
* [http://www.msacerdoti.it/kobercologne.html Adolf Kober, Cologne, The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia 1940, p. 271-272]
* Roland Kaufhold: [http://www.hagalil.com/archiv/2013/09/12/jawne-4/ Opening remarks for the exhibition] "The children from the other schoolyard". The story of the Jawne 1919-1942 (German)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223321/http://www.gew-koeln.de/02/intern/forum/forum1_2007.pdf Report about Jawne] by Dr. Cordula Lissner, in: forum, Magazine of GEW Köln, Issue 1/2007 p. 30 (German)
* http://www.nrhz.de/flyer/beitrag.php?id=10551 with photo gallery
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071008060623/http://www.kirche-koeln.de/aktuell/artikel.php?keyword=&id=1304&archiv - 19k (German)
* http://www.rhenaniajudaica.de/ (German)
* http://www.migration-audio-archiv.de/audioweb/ (German)
* "I wanted to prove that Hitler had not achieved his goal!" Henry Gruen and his return to Cologne, the "home of his youth" [http://www.wdr5.de/sendungen/erlebte-geschichten/sendungsdetailseite.html?tx_wdr5ppfe_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=3400024&tx_wdr5ppfe_pi1%5BbeitragsUid%5D=17825&cHash=a73bd3e486 WDR5, Erlebte Geschichten, Program from 7 August 2005]{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} (German)
* http://www.hagalil.com/archiv/2010/01/06/jawne/ The Jewish Internet magazine haGalil reports on the efforts to preserve the Jawne. (German)
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Jewish schools in Germany
Category:Jews and Judaism in Cologne
Category:Secondary schools in Germany
Category:Schools in Cologne
---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jawne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawne) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawne?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.