# Java Platform, Micro Edition > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Java_Platform%2C_Micro_Edition > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Java_Platform%2C_Micro_Edition.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Platform%2C_Micro_Edition > Source revision: 1356814380 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Software platform for mobile and embedded devices This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2024) Java Platform, Micro Edition Player software Java Programming language(s) Java Application(s) Embedded systems, mobile devices Status Inactive License Proprietary licence by Oracle Website www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javameoverview.html Java platform editions Java Card Java ME (Micro Edition) Java SE (Standard Edition) Jakarta EE (Enterprise Edition) JavaFX (bundled in Oracle's JDK from versions 8 to 10 but separately since 11) PersonalJava (Discontinued) v t e **Java Platform, Micro Edition** or **Java ME** is a [computing platform](/source/Computing_platform) for development and deployment of [portable code](/source/Porting) for [embedded](/source/Embedded_system) and [mobile devices](/source/Mobile_device) (micro-controllers, sensors, gateways, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, TV set-top boxes, printers).[1] Java ME was formerly known as **Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition** or **J2ME**. The platform uses the [object-oriented](/source/Object-oriented_programming) [Java](/source/Java_(programming_language)) programming language, and is part of the [Java software-platform](/source/Java_(software_platform)) family. It was designed by [Sun Microsystems](/source/Sun_Microsystems) (now [Oracle Corporation](/source/Oracle_Corporation)) and replaced a similar technology, [PersonalJava](/source/PersonalJava). In 2013, with more than three billion Java ME–enabled mobile phones in the market,[2] the platform was in continued decline as [smartphones](/source/Smartphone) have overtaken [feature phones](/source/Feature_phone).[3] ## History The platform used to be popular in feature phones, such as [Nokia](/source/Nokia)'s [Series 40](/source/Series_40) models. It was also supported on the [Bada](/source/Bada_(operating_system)) operating system and on [Symbian](/source/Symbian) OS along with native software. Users of [Windows CE](/source/Windows_CE), [Windows Mobile](/source/Windows_Mobile), [Maemo](/source/Maemo), [MeeGo](/source/MeeGo) and [Android](/source/Android_software_development) could download Java ME for their respective environments ("proof-of-concept" for Android).[4][5] Originally developed under the [Java Community Process](/source/Java_Community_Process) as JSR 68, the different flavors of Java ME have evolved in separate JSRs. Java ME devices implement a *profile*. The most common of these are the [Mobile Information Device Profile](/source/Mobile_Information_Device_Profile) aimed at mobile devices such as cell phones, and the [Personal Profile](/source/Connected_Device_Configuration#Personal_Profile) aimed at consumer products and embedded devices like [set-top boxes](/source/Set-top_box) and PDAs. Profiles are subsets of *configurations*, of which there are currently two: the [Connected Limited Device Configuration](/source/Connected_Limited_Device_Configuration) (CLDC) and the [Connected Device Configuration](/source/Connected_Device_Configuration) (CDC).[6] In 2008, Java ME platforms were restricted to [JRE](/source/Java_virtual_machine) 1.3 features and use that version of the class file format (internally known as version 47.0). ## Implementations MicroEmulator screenshot Oracle provides a [reference implementation](/source/Reference_implementation) of the specification, and some configurations and profiles for MIDP and CDC. Starting with the JavaME 3.0 SDK, a [NetBeans](/source/NetBeans)-based IDE supported them in a single IDE. In contrast to the numerous binary implementations of the Java Platform built by Sun for servers and workstations, Sun tended not to provide binaries for the platforms of Java ME targets, and instead relied on third parties to provide their own. The exception was an MIDP 1.0 JRE (JVM) for Palm OS.[7] Sun provides no J2ME JRE for the [Microsoft Windows Mobile](/source/Microsoft_Windows_Mobile) (Pocket PC) based devices, despite an open-letter campaign to Sun to release a rumored internal implementation of [PersonalJava](/source/PersonalJava) known by the code name "Captain America".[8] Third party implementations are widely used by Windows Mobile vendors. At some point, Sun released a now-abandoned reference implementation under the name [phoneME](/source/PhoneME). Operating systems targeting Java ME have been implemented by [DoCoMo](/source/NTT_DoCoMo) in the form of [DoJa](/source/DoJa), and by [SavaJe](/source/SavaJe) as SavaJe OS. The latter company was purchased by Sun in April 2007 and now forms the basis of Sun's [JavaFX Mobile](/source/JavaFX_Mobile). The open-source [Mika VM](/source/Mika_VM) aims to implement JavaME CDC/FP, but is not certified as such (certified implementations are required to charge royalties, which is impractical for an open-source project). Consequently, devices which use this implementation are not allowed to claim JavaME CDC compatibility. The Linux-based Android operating system uses a proprietary version of Java that is similar in intent, but very different in many ways from Java ME.[9] ### Emulators - [Sun Java Wireless Toolkit](https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/sun-java-wireless-toolkit.html) (WTK, for short) — is a proprietary Java ME emulator, originally provided by Sun Microsystems, and later by Oracle. - [MicroEmulator](/source/MicroEmulator) (MicroEMU, for short) — is an open-source Java ME emulator. - [J2ME Loader](https://github.com/nikita36078/J2ME-Loader) — an Open Source Android Java ME emulator. - [FreeJ2ME-plus](https://tasemulators.github.io/freej2me-plus/) — A fork of FreeJ2ME, a free, cross-platform J2ME emulator with support for Libretro and AWT frontends. There are other emulators, including emulators provided as part of development kits by phone manufacturers, such as [Nokia](/source/Nokia), [Sony-Ericsson](/source/Sony_Mobile), [Siemens Mobile](/source/Siemens_Mobile), etc. ## Connected Limited Device Configuration Main article: [Connected Limited Device Configuration](/source/Connected_Limited_Device_Configuration) The [Connected Limited Device Configuration](/source/Connected_Limited_Device_Configuration) (CLDC) contains a strict subset of the Java-class libraries, and is the minimum amount needed for a [Java virtual machine](/source/Java_virtual_machine) to operate. CLDC is basically used for classifying myriad devices into a fixed configuration. A configuration provides the most basic set of libraries and virtual-machine features that must be present in each implementation of a J2ME environment. When coupled with one or more profiles, the Connected Limited Device Configuration gives developers a solid Java platform for creating applications for consumer and embedded devices. The configuration is designed for devices with 160KB to 512KB total memory, which has a minimum of 160KB of ROM and 32KB of RAM available for the Java platform. ### Mobile Information Device Profile Designed for mobile phones, the [Mobile Information Device Profile](/source/Mobile_Information_Device_Profile) includes a [GUI](/source/Graphical_user_interface), and a data storage API, and MIDP 2.0 includes a basic 2D gaming [API](/source/Application_programming_interface). Applications written for this profile are called [MIDlets](/source/MIDlet). *JSR 271: Mobile Information Device Profile 3* (Final release on Dec 9, 2009) specified the 3rd generation Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP3), expanding upon the functionality in all areas as well as improving interoperability across devices. A key design goal of MIDP3 is backward compatibility with MIDP2 content. #### Information Module Profile The [Information Module Profile](/source/Information_Module_Profile) (IMP) is a profile for embedded, "headless" devices such as vending machines, industrial embedded applications, security systems, and similar devices with either simple or no display and with some limited network connectivity. Originally introduced by [Siemens Mobile](/source/Siemens_Mobile) and [Nokia](/source/Nokia) as [JSR](/source/Java_Specification_Request)-195, IMP 1.0 is a strict subset of [MIDP](/source/MIDP) 1.0 except that it does not include [user interface](/source/User_interface) APIs — in other words, it does not include support for the Java package javax.microedition.lcdui. JSR-228, also known as IMP-NG, is IMP's next generation that is based on [MIDP](/source/MIDP) 2.0, leveraging [MIDP](/source/MIDP) 2.0's new security and networking types and APIs, and other APIs such as PushRegistry and platformRequest(), but again it does not include UI APIs, nor the game API. ## Connected Device Configuration Main article: [Connected Device Configuration](/source/Connected_Device_Configuration) The [Connected Device Configuration](/source/Connected_Device_Configuration) is a subset of [Java SE](/source/Java_SE), containing almost all the libraries that are not GUI related. It is richer than CLDC. ### Foundation Profile The Foundation Profile is a Java ME Connected Device Configuration (CDC) profile. This profile is intended to be used by devices requiring a complete implementation of the Java virtual machine up to and including the entire Java Platform, Standard Edition API. Typical implementations will use some subset of that API set depending on the additional profiles supported. This specification was developed under the Java Community Process. ### Personal Basis Profile The Personal Basis Profile extends the Foundation Profile to include lightweight GUI support in the form of an [AWT](/source/Abstract_Window_Toolkit) subset. This is the platform that [BD-J](/source/BD-J) is built upon. ## JSRs (Java Specification Requests) ### Foundation JSR # Name Description 68 J2ME Platform Specification 30 CLDC 1.x 37 MIDP 1.0 118 MIDP 2.x 139 CLDC 1.1 271 MIDP 3.0 Java ME 3.4 and earlier only, Last Specification for Mobile Phones, Java Language features as Java SE 1.3 360 CLDC 8 New in Java ME 8 361 MEEP 8 New in Java ME 8, Language feature as Java SE 8, for Internet of Everything devices ### Main extensions JSR # Name Description MSA 75 File Connection and PIM API File system, contacts, calendar, to-do 82 Bluetooth Bluetooth serial port communications and file exchanges (OBEX) 120 Wireless Messaging API (WMA) 135 Mobile Media API (MMAPI) Audio, video, multimedia 172 Web Services API XML parsers and RPC 177 Security and Trust Services API (SATSA) APDU, Java Card RMI (JCRMI), Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and cryptography 179 Location API GPS coordinates, street addresses, orientation sensors, landmark stores 180 SIP API 184 Mobile 3D Graphics (M3G) High level 3D graphics 185 Java Technology for the Wireless Industry (JTWI) General 205 Wireless Messaging API (WMA) 2.0 Sending and receiving SMS and MMS 211 Content Handler API (CHAPI) 226 Scalable 2D Vector Graphics API for J2ME (M2G) Handling SVG Tiny 228 Information Module Profile – Next Generation (IMP NG) 229 Payment API 234 Advanced Multimedia Supplements (AMMS) MMAPI extensions 238 Mobile Internationalization API Localized resources, locale date and number formatting, locale comparison of strings 239 Java Bindings for the OpenGL ES API 248 Mobile Service Architecture (MSA) 253 Mobile Telephony API 256 Mobile Sensor API Reading values from accelerometers, gyroscopes, compasses, thermometers, barometers, and some more 257 Contactless Communication API 258 Mobile User Interface Customization API 272 Mobile Broadcast Service API for Handheld Terminals 280 XML API for Java ME 281 IMS Services API 287 Scalable 2D Vector Graphics API 2.0 for Java ME 293 Location API 2.0 298 Telematics API for Java ME 300 DRM API for Java ME 325 IMS Communication Enablers ### Future JSR # Name Description 297 Mobile 3D Graphics API (M3G) 2.0 Proposed Final Draft for 14 Apr, 2009 ## ESR The ESR consortium is devoted to Standards for embedded Java. Especially cost effective Standards. Typical applications domains are industrial control, machine-to-machine, medical, e-metering, [home automation](/source/Home_automation), consumer, human-to-machine-interface, ... ESR # Name Description 001 B-ON (Beyond CLDC) B-ON serves as a very robust foundation for implementing embedded Java software. It specifies a reliable initialization phase of the Java device, and 3 kind of objects: immutable, immortal and regular (mortal) objects. 002 MicroUI MicroUI defines an enhanced architecture to enable an open, third-party, application development environment for embedded HMI devices. Such devices typically have some form of display, some input sensors and potentially some sound rendering capabilities. This specification spans a potentially wide set of devices. 011 MWT MWT defines three distinct roles: Widget Designers, Look and Feel Designers, and Application Designers. MWT allows a binary HMI application to run the same on all devices that provide a compliant MWT framework (embedded devices, cellphones, set-top box TV's, PC's, etc...) allowing for true consistency and ubiquity of applications across product lines (ME, SE, EE). 015 ECLASSPATH ECLASSPATH unifies CLDC, CDC, Foundation, SE, and EE execution environments with a set of around 300 classes API. Compiling against CLDC1.1/ECLASSPATH makes binary code portable across all Java execution environments. ## See also - [Computer programming portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming) - [Android (operating system)](/source/Android_(operating_system)) - [iOS](/source/IOS) - [BlackBerry OS](/source/BlackBerry_OS) - [Danger Hiptop](/source/Danger_Hiptop) - [Embedded Java](/source/Embedded_Java) - [JavaFX Mobile](/source/JavaFX_Mobile) - [Mobile development](/source/Mobile_development) - [Mobile games](/source/Mobile_games) - [Mobile learning](/source/Mobile_learning) - [Qualcomm Brew](/source/Qualcomm_Brew) - [Smartphone](/source/Smartphone) ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Java ME Overview"](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/embedded/javame/index.html). [Oracle Corporation](/source/Oracle_Corporation). Retrieved February 26, 2017. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Learn about Java Technology"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130308080819/http://www.java.com/en/about/). Archived from [the original](http://www.java.com/en/about/) on March 8, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2024. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Farivar, Cyrus (August 14, 2013). ["Smartphones outsell feature phones (again) for the first time, worldwide"](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/08/smartphones-outsell-feature-phones-for-the-first-time-worldwide/). *Ars Technica*. Retrieved March 15, 2024. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [phoneME for Windows CE, Windows Mobile and Android (development stopped in 2011-06-15)](https://web.archive.org/web/20160819121416/http://davy.preuveneers.be/phoneme/) - in origin [here](http://davy.preuveneers.be/phoneme/) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["App Runner (development stopped in 2010-05-11)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120103192628/http://www.netmite.com/android/). Archived from [the original](http://www.netmite.com/android/) on January 3, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2012. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Java ME Technology](http://java.sun.com/javame/technology/) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [MIDP for Palm OS 1.0: Developing Java Applications for Palm OS Devices](http://developers.sun.com/mobility/midp/articles/palm/) January 2002 1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [CDC and Personal Profile - Open letter to SUN to produce a Personal Java JRE for Pocket PC](http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jspa?threadID=408223) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080603153535/http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jspa?threadID=408223) June 3, 2008, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) 2003 1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Mobile application development: Android compared to J2ME](http://kevinboone.net/android_j2me.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180925061723/http://kevinboone.net/android_j2me.html) September 25, 2018, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Feb 2013 **Notes** - [JSR 232: Mobile Operational Management](http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=232) – an advanced OSGi technology based platform for mobile computing - [JSR 291: Dynamic Component Support for Java SE](http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=291) – symmetric programming model for Java SE to Java ME JSR 232 ## Bibliography - Ben Hayun, Roy (March 30, 2009). [*Java ME on Symbian OS: Inside the Smartphone Model*](http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470743182.html) (1st ed.). [Wiley](/source/John_Wiley_%26_Sons). p. 482. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-470-74318-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-74318-8). - Knudsen, Jonathan (January 8, 2008). [*Kicking Butt with MIDP and MSA: Creating Great Mobile Applications*](https://archive.org/details/kickingbuttwithm0000knud/page/432) (1st ed.). [Prentice Hall](/source/Prentice_Hall). p. [432](https://archive.org/details/kickingbuttwithm0000knud/page/432). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-321-46342-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-46342-5). - Li, Sing; Knudsen, Jonathan (April 25, 2005). [*Beginning J2ME: From Novice to Professional*](https://archive.org/details/beginningj2mefro0000lisi/page/480) (3rd ed.). [Apress](/source/Apress). p. [480](https://archive.org/details/beginningj2mefro0000lisi/page/480). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-59059-479-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59059-479-7). ## External links Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: ***[J2ME Programming](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/J2ME_Programming)*** - [Sun Developer Network, Java ME](http://java.sun.com/javame/index.jsp) - [Nokia's Developer Hub Java pages](https://web.archive.org/web/20080905191743/http://www.forum.nokia.com/java) - [Nokia S60 Java Runtime blogs](https://web.archive.org/web/20080907084829/http://www.blogs.s60.com/java/) - [Sony Ericsson Developer World](https://web.archive.org/web/20090106053708/http://developer.sonyericsson.com/) - [Motorola Developer Network](http://developer.motorola.com/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090721165719/http://developer.motorola.com/) July 21, 2009, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) - [J2ME Authoring Tool LMA Users Network](http://hotlavasoftware.com/) - [Samsung Mobile Developer's site](https://web.archive.org/web/20080810234623/http://developers.samsungmobile.com/) - [Sprint Application Developer's Website](https://web.archive.org/web/20180821221736/http://developer.sprint.com/) - [Performance database of Java ME compatible devices](https://web.archive.org/web/20080521160132/http://jbenchmark.com/) - [MicroEJ platforms for embedded systems](http://www.microej.com/) - [Book - Mobile Phone Programming using Java ME (J2ME)](https://www.skjapp.com/javame-j2me) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160305180008/http://www.skjapp.com/javame-j2me/) March 5, 2016, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) - [Tutorial Master ng, J2ME](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053207/http://javafxtuts.com/javafx-tutorials/) v t e Java (software platform) Platforms Java ME (Micro) Java SE (Standard) Jakarta EE (Enterprise) Java Card Android SDK Technologies Sun/Oracle JDK OpenJDK JVM HotSpot Graal Maxine Squawk JavaFX Platform Applets Servlets MIDlets JSP JSF Web Start (JNLP) Pack200 Modules Major third-party ART Blackdown Eclipse GNU Classpath GWT Harmony Hibernate IcedTea Jazelle OpenJ9 Spring Struts TopLink WildFly History Java version history Java Community Process Sun Microsystems Free Java implementations Slogan: Write once, run anywhere Platform languages Java BeanShell Clojure Groovy JRuby Jython Kotlin Processing Rhino Scala Oxygene Community Conferences JavaOne Devoxx Organizations Apache Software Foundation Eclipse Foundation Java Community Process Oracle Corporation Sun Microsystems, Sun Microsystems Laboratories People James Gosling Arthur van Hoff Urs Hölzle Computer programming portal • Category v t e Mobile operating systems Comparison Open-source mobile phones, OSes Open Handset Alliance Open Mobile Alliance Mobile app distributions Mobile app development Linux Kernel Active: Aurora OS HarmonyOS (Linux kernel subsystem) ChromeOS ChromeOS Flex KaiOS Smart Feature OS Kindle firmware LuneOS Maemo Leste Tizen Defunct: Bada Firefox OS B2G OS MeeGo MontaVista MotoMagx Mobilinux OpenEmbedded Ångström Openmoko Linux QtMoko SHR OpenEZX WebOS Android Active: Android Go ColorOS OxygenOS Realme UI EMUI Fire OS GrapheneOS HyperOS LineageOS /e/ MagicOS Nothing OS One UI Wear OS Defunct: CyanogenMod GNU/ Linux Active: Fedora Mobility Manjaro ARM postmarketOS PureOS Sailfish OS SteamOS Ubuntu Touch UBports Mobian Defunct: Maemo Mer Moblin XNU iOS iPadOS watchOS bridgeOS QNX BlackBerry 10 BlackBerry Tablet OS Microsoft Windows Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Windows Mobile Windows Phone 7 8 8.1 Windows RT Windows 10 Mobile Windows 8 Windows 8.1 Windows 10 Windows 11 Zircon Fuchsia FreeBSD, NetBSD PlayStation Vita system software HongMeng Kernel Active: OpenHarmony HarmonyOS HarmonyOS NEXT Defunct: EMUI (non GMS-based) LiteOS Huawei Band OS FreeRTOS Amazfit OS Zepp OS MIUI Band OS Nintendo system software Nintendo 3DS system software Nintendo DSi system software Nintendo Switch system software Minix 3 Intel Management Engine Symbian S60 S80 S90 UIQ Others Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) BlackBerry OS EPOC GEOS Magic Cap Nokia Asha platform PalmDOS Palm OS PlayStation Portable system software S30 S30+ S40 Sony Ericsson Java Platform ThreadX Software Mobile operating systems Mobile applications Telecommunication --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Java Platform, Micro Edition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Platform%2C_Micro_Edition) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Platform%2C_Micro_Edition?action=history)). 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