# Java Group

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Geologic formation in the United States

Java Group Stratigraphic range: Late Devonian Type Group Sub-units Pipe Creek Shale Wiscoy Sandstone Member Hanover Shale Member Underlies Ohio Shale Overlies West Falls Formation Thickness Up to more than 200' Lithology Primary Shale Other Siltstone, Sandstone Location Region Kentucky New York Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Virginia West Virginia Country United States Type section Named for Java Township, Wyoming County, New York Named by Wallace de Witt, Jr. (December 01, 1960)

The **Java Group** is a [Geologic group](/source/Geologic_group) in [New York](/source/New_York_(state)) and Northern [Pennsylvania](/source/Pennsylvania). It is considered [geologic formation](/source/Formation_(geology)) in [Kentucky](/source/Kentucky), Western New York, [Ohio](/source/Ohio), southern and western [Pennsylvania](/source/Pennsylvania), [Tennessee](/source/Tennessee), [Virginia](/source/Virginia), [West Virginia](/source/West_Virginia). In [Virginia](/source/Virginia) it is a member of [Chattanooga Shale](/source/Chattanooga_Shale). It dates back to the [Devonian](/source/Devonian) [period](/source/Period_(geology)).[1]

## Stratigraphy

The Java is made up of cyclical deposits of transgressive and regressive sea levels. Each of these cycles is a separate unit within the Java. These units are as follows Pipe Creek Shale, Wiscoy Formation New York, and Hanover Shale.[1][2] This group also hosts to two [mass extinction events](/source/Mass_Extinction) the lower [Kellwasser](/source/Late_Devonian_mass_extinction) event and the upper Kellwasser event.

The uppermost formation is the Hanover Shale. This consists of laminated gray and black shales and mudstones, some times so thin they are only a few millimeters thick. Sections of the Hanover are [bioturbated](/source/Bioturbation). There are a few [pyritized](/source/Pyritization) burrows and structures. The upper Kellwasser bed is also found in this unit. This bed is marked with a fissile hard black shale. Fossils are far from numerous, in the upper parts but are common in the lower sections of the Hanover. They include [ostracodes](/source/Ostracod), [gastropods](/source/Gastropoda), [bivalves](/source/Bivalvia), [goniatites](/source/Goniatites), and some small [rugose corals](/source/Rugosa).[3]

The **Wiscoy Sandstone** (Hartnagel, 1912) generally correlates with the Hanover Shale to the west. It is made up of interbedded sandstone and shale. Studies indicate that the sand sections are not channel sands but more likely sand lobes of a submarine fan structure, transported from the east.[4]

The **Pipe Creek shale** is a very hard black organic shale. It contains the Lower Kellwasser Bed, a marked mass extinction event of the Devonian.

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_1-1) ["Geolex – Java Summary"](https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/Units/Java_2225.html). *National Geologic Map Database*. [United States Geological Survey](/source/United_States_Geological_Survey). Retrieved 3 July 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** de Witt, Jr., Wallace (1960). ["Java Formation of Late Devonian Age in Western and Central New York1: GEOLOGICAL NOTES"](https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/aapg/aapgbull/article-abstract/44/12/1933/547711/Java-Formation-of-Late-Devonian-Age-in-Western-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext). *AAPG*. **44** (12) – via PUBS Geoscienceworld.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Baird, Gordon C.; Over, D. Jeffrey; Kirchgasser, William T.; Brett, Carlton E. ["MIDDLE- UPPER DEVONIAN DEPOSITIONAL AND BIOTIC EVENTS IN WESTERN NEW YORK"](https://www.nysga-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/NYSGA-2006-A4-Middle-Upper-Devonian-Depositional-And-Biotic-Events-In-Western-New-York.pdf) (PDF). *NYSGA*.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: url-status ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** JACOBI, ROBERT. ["UPPER DEVONIAN TURBIDITES IN WES1ERN NEW YORK: CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR, SUBMARINE FAN DEPOSION MODELS"](https://ottohmuller.com/nysga2ge/Files/1990/NYSGA%201990%20SatE%20-%20Upper%20Devonian%20Turbidites%20In%20Western%20New%20York%20-%20Characteristics%20And%20Implications%20For%20Submarine%20Fan%20Deposition%20Models.pdf) (PDF). *Ottohmuller*.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: url-status ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status))

v t e Chronostratigraphy of New York Ph Pz D Upper Famennian Conewango Group Cattaraugus Formation Oswayo Formation Conneaut Group Ellicott Formation Chadokin Formation Whitesville Formation Canadaway Group Gowanda Formation Dunkirk Formation Caneadea Formation Wellsville Formation Westfield Shale Panama Conglomerate Perrysburg Formation Frasnian West Falls Group/Java Group Hanover Formation Wiscoy Formation Angola Formation Nunda Formation Rhinestreet Formation Sonyea Group Cashaqua Shale Middlesex Shale Genesee Group West River Shale Penn Yan Formation Geneseo Shale Ithaca Formation Oneonta Formation Middle Givetian Tully Limestone Hamilton Group Ashokan Formation Manorkill Formation Moscow Formation/Portland Point Formation Cooperstown Formation Ludlowville Formation/Skaneateles Formation/Panther Mountain Formation Eifelian Hamilton Group Marcellus Shale Mount Marion Formation Onondaga Limestone Tioga Bentonites Lower Emsian Tristates Group Bois Blanc Formation/Schoharie Formation Esopus Formation Oriskany Sandstone/Glenerie Formation S Pridoli Bertie Formation Ludlow Ludfordian Salina Group Gorstian Salina Group Wenlock Homerian Salina Group Sheinwoodian Irondequoit Formation O Upper Katian Denley Formation Hillier Formation Indian Castle Shale Rust Formation Steuben Formation Sugar River Formation Sandbian Trenton Limestone Group Kings Falls Formation Black River Group Lowville Formation Napanee Formation Selby Formation Sugar River Formation Black River Group

v t e Chronostratigraphy of Ohio Ph Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation Pittsburgh Formation Kasimovian Conemaugh Group Casselman Formation Glenshaw Formation Moscovian Allegheny Group Pottsville Group M Viséan Maxville Limestone Tournaisian Cuyahoga Formation Logan Formation Sunbury Shale Coldwater Shale Rushville Shale D Upper Famennian Bedford Shale Berea Sandstone Cussewago Sandstone Ohio Shale Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale Huron Shale Frasnian Burket Shale Olentangy Shale (upper) Antrim Shale Java Formation West Falls Group Angola Shale Rhinestreet Shale Middle Givetian Tully Formation Mahantango Formation Olentangy Shale (lower) Plum Brook Shale Prout Limestone Silica Formation Eifelian Marcellus Shale Amherstburg Dolomite Columbus Limestone/Onondaga Limestone Delaware Limestone Detroit River Group Hillsboro Sandstone Dundee Formation Lucas Dolomite Tenmile Creek Dolomite Lower Emsian Amherstburg Dolomite Detroit River Group Hillsboro Sandstone Lochkovian Holland Quarry Shale Bass Islands Dolomite Bois Blanc Formation Helderberg Group Oriskany Sandstone Sylvania Sandstone S Pridoli Bertie Formation Ludlow Ludfordian Salina Group Gorstian Salina Group Guelph Dolomite Salina Group Greenfield Dolomite Tymochtee Dolomite Wenlock Homerian Lockport Group Gasport Dolomite Guelph Dolomite Goat Island Dolomite Bisher Formation Cedarville Dolomite Dayton Formation Estill Shale Euphemia Dolomite Laurel Limestone Lilley Formation Massie Shale Osgood Shale Peebles Dolomite Rochester Shale Springfield Dolomite Llandovery Brassfield Formation Cabot Head Shale Clinton Formation Drowning Creek Formation Manitoulin Dolomite O Upper Arnheim Formation Cincinnati Group Drakes Formation Fairview Formation Grant Lake Formation Kope Formation Liberty Formation Miamitown Shale Queenston Shale Saluda Formation Trenton Limestone Waynesville Formation Whitewater Formation Middle Black River Group Lexington Limestone Point Pleasant Formation Trenton Limestone Wells Creek Formation Є Furongian Conasauga Formation Eau Claire Formation Kerbel Formation Knox Dolomite Rome Formation Mt. Simon Sandstone pЄ ♇ Z Swift Run Formation Middle Run Formation

v t e Chronostratigraphy of Pennsylvania Ph Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Windy Gap Limestone Windy Gap Coal Gilmore Limestone Nineveh Sandstone Nineveh Coal Nineveh Limestone Fish Creek Sandstone Claysville Limestone Dunkard Coal Prosperity Limestone Tenmile Coal Donley Limestone Upper Washington Coal Rockport Member Washington Formation Upper Washington Limestone Member Jollytown Limestone Member Jollytown Coal Middle Washington Limestone Member Washington Coal Lower Washington Limestone Member C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington Coal Waynesburg“B” coal Middle Waynesburg Member Waynesburg“A” coal Lower Waynesburg Member Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation Waynesburg coal "No. 11 Coal" Gilboy Sandstone Member Little Waynesburg Coal Waynesburg Limestone Member Uniontown Sanstone Member Annabelle Shale Member Uniontown Coal "No. 10 Coal" Uniontown Limestone Member "Great Lime" Fulton Shale Member Pittsburgh Formation Benwood Limestone Upper Sewickley Coal Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Coal "Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal" Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Limestone Member Cedarville Sanstone Member Redstone-Pomeroy coal "No 8a. Coal" Westone Sanstone Member Pittsburgh coal seam "No. 8 Coal" Kasimovian Conemaugh Group Casselman Formation Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member Little Pittsburgh coal seam Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member Connellsville Member Morgantown Member Birmingham Member Glenshaw Formation Ames Limestone Pittsburgh Red Beds Upper Bakerstown coal Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member Woods Run Limestone Member Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member Pine Creek Limestone Member Buffalo Sandstone Member Bush Creek Limestone Member Mahoning Formation Bush Creek Coal Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member Mahoning Coal "No. 7a Coal" Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member Moscovian Allegheny Group Freeport Formation Upper Freeport Coal "No. 7 Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Butler Sandstone Member Lower Freeport Coal "No. 6a Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Freeport Sandstone Member Kittanning Formation Upper Kittanning Coal Johnstone Limestone Member Middle Kittanning Coal "No. 6 Coal" Lower Kittanning Coal "No. 5 Coal" Kittanning Sandstone Member Clarian Formation Clarian Coal "No. 4a Coal" Vanport Limestone Member Brookville Coal "No. 4 Coal" Brookville Member Pottsville Group Beaver River Formation Homewood Sandstone Member "1st Salt Sand" Mercer Formation Upper Mercer Limestone Member Upper Mercer Coal Lower Mercer Limestone Member Lower Mercer Coal "No. 3 Coal" Bashkirian Pottsville Group Connoquenessing Formation Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member "2nd Salt Sand" Quakertown Coal "No. 2 Coal" Quakertown Fire Clay Quakertown Shale Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member Sharon Formation Sharon Shale Member Sharon Coal "No. 1 Coal" Sharon Sandstone M Serpukhovian Shenango Formation Mauch Chunk Group Bluestone Formation Princeton Formation Hinton Formation Maxton Sandstone Bluefield Formation "Little Lime" Viséan Greenbrier Limestone "Big Lime" Loyalhanna Formation Tournaisian Cuyahoga Formation Pocono Group Burgoon Formation "Big Injun Sandstone" Sunbury Shale Berea Sandstone Bedford Shale Rockwell Formation D Upper Famennian Brallier Formation Lock Haven Formation Riceville Formation Oswayo Formation Bedford Shale Cussewago Formation Venango Group Woodcock Sandstone, Salamanca Sandstone, Panama Sandston Chadakoin Formation Bradford Group Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane Elk Group 1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand Ohio Shale Cleveland Shale Chagrin Formation Huron Shale Java Formation Rockwell Formation Huntley Mountain Formation Hampshire Formation Catskill Group Duncannon Member Sherman Creek Member Irish Valley Member Frasnian Catskill Group Sherman Creek Member Irish Valley Member Brallier Formation Lock Haven Formation West Falls Group Angola Formation Rhinestreet Shale Sonyea Group Cashaqua Shale Middlesex Shale Genesee Group / Harrell Shale West River Shale Penn Yan Formation Burket Shale / Geneseo Shale Knapp Conglomerate Murrysville Sandstone Middle Givetian Tully Limestone Hamilton Group Moscow Formation Ludlow Formation Skaneateles Formation Tichnor Formation Mahantango Formation Eifelian Hamilton Group Marcellus Formation Onondaga Limestone Seneca Moorehouse Nedrow Edgecliff Huntersville Chert Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member Needmore Shale Lower Emsian Huntersville Chert, Needmore Shale, Bois Blanc Formation Oriskany Formation Helderberg Group (geology) Pragian Helderberg Group (geology) Lochkovian Helderberg Group (geology) Keyser Formation Manlius Limestone S Pridoli Bass Islands Formation Akron Formation Salina Group Bertie Formation Ludlow Ludfordian Salina Group Camillus Formation Gorstian Salina Group Syracuse Formation Wenlock Homerian Salina Group Vernon Formation Lockport Group Guelph Formation Eramosa Formation Goat Island Formation Gasport Formation Llandovery Clinton Group Rochester Shale Irondequoit Formation Rose Hill Formation "Red Clinton" Medina Group Tuscarora Formation O Upper Queenston Formation Reedsville Formation Utica Shale Trenton Group Black River Group Loyalsburg Formation Middle Wells Creek Formation Knox Supergroup Beekmantown Group: Bellefonte Formation Lower Knox Supergroup Beekmantown Group Axeman Formation Nittany Formation Stonehenge Formation Є Furongian Knox Supergroup Gatesburgh Formation Warrior Formation Series 2 Stage 4 Kinzers Formation Potsdam Formation Pleasant Hill Formation Waynesboro Formation Tomstown Formation Antietam Formation pЄ Grenville Complex

v t e Chronostratigraphy of West Virginia Ph Cz Pe Eocene Igneous intrusives Mz J Igneous intrusives Pz P Cisuralian Asselian Dunkard Group C ⁋ Gzhelian Monongahela Formation Kasimovian Conemaugh Group Moscovian Allegheny Formation Bashkirian Pottsville Group Kanawha Formation New River Formation Pocahontas Formation M Serpukhovian Bluestone Formation Princeton Sandstone Hinton Formation Bluefield Formation Viséan Greenbrier Group Tournaisian Price Formation Cuyahoga Formation Maccrady Formation Sunbury Shale Berea Sandstone D Upper Famennian Price Formation Berea Sandstone Bedford Shale Ohio Shale Brallier Formation Frasnian Brallier Formation Java Formation West Falls Formation Rhinestreet Sonyea Formation Harrell Shale Genesee Formation Middle Givetian Tully Limestone Hamilton Group Eifelian Hamilton Group Marcellus Shale Onondaga Limestone Needmore Shale Huntersville Chert Lower Emsian Needmore Shale Huntersville Chert Pragian Oriskany Sandstone Lochkovian Helderberg Group S Pridoli Bertie Formation Bass Islands Formation Keyser Formation Ludlow Ludfordian Salina Group Tonoloway Formation Gorstian Salina Group Wenlock Homerian Salina Group Wills Creek Formation Williamsport Formation McKenzie Formation Sheinwoodian Lockport Dolomite McKenzie Formation Llandovery Telychian Lockport Dolomite McKenzie Formation Keefer Formation Rose Hill Formation Rochester Shale Aeronian Tuscarora Sandstone Clinton Sandstone O Upper Hirnantian Cincinnati Group Juniata Formation Katian Cincinnati Group Juniata Formation Reedsville Formation Utica Shale Sandbian Lexington Limestone Trenton Limestone Dolly Ridge Formation Martinsburg Formation Nealmont Limestone Oswego Formation Middle Darriwilian Trenton Group Black River Group Dapingian St. Paul Group St. Peter Sandstone Lower Tremadocian Wells Creek Formation Knox Group Beekmantown Dolomite Rose Run Sandstone Є Furongian Stage 10 Knox Group Copper Ridge Dolomite Chilhowee Group Antietam Formation Harpers Formation Weverton Formation Loudoun Formation Conasauga Group Conococheague Formation Elbrook Formation Rome Group Tomstown Dolomite Waynesboro Formation pЄ ♇ Z Ediacaran Catoctin Formation Swift Run Formation Grenville Complex

v t e Devonian Period Lower/Early Devonian Middle Devonian Upper/Late Devonian Lochkovian Pragian Emsian Eifelian Givetian Frasnian Famennian

[Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals):
- [Earth sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Earth_sciences)
- [Devonian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Devonian)
- [Paleontology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Paleontology)

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