# Jatin Chakraborty

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**Jatindra Chandra Chakraborty** (1911 – 1996) was an Indian politician and [trade unionist](/source/Trade_union). Chakraborty played a prominent role in [West Bengal](/source/West_Bengal) politics and was often entangled in controversies. He was a founding leader of the [Revolutionary Socialist Party](/source/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(India)) and the [United Trade Union Congress](/source/United_Trade_Union_Congress). Chakraborty was a member of the [West Bengal Legislative Assembly](/source/West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly) from 1957 to 1962, 1969 to 1970 and 1977 to 1991. He served in ministerial posts in the state governments of the [United Front](/source/United_Front_(West_Bengal)) (1969) and the [Left Front](/source/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)) (1977–1988). After falling out with the Left Front in 1988, Chakraborty became a vocal critic of the state government.

## Youth

Jatindra Chandra Chakraborty was born on 10 September 1911 in [Comilla](/source/Comilla).[1][2] He was the son of Surendra Chandra Chakraborty.[1] He attended the [Hare School](/source/Hare_School) in [Calcutta](/source/Calcutta) and would later study at the [Scottish Church College](/source/Scottish_Church_College), [Ripon College](/source/Surendranath_College) and [Vidyasagar College](/source/Vidyasagar_College).[1] During his student years, he became politically active, being associated with the revolutionary [Anushilan Samiti.](/source/Anushilan_Samiti)[1] As a college student, he was a leader of the All-Bengal Students' Association, an organisation banned by the British colonial authorities, and a member of the Students' Radical Party.[3] He was imprisoned by the British authorities in 1932, after being arrested during the non-cooperation movement.[1][3] Chakraborty obtained Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degrees from [Calcutta University](/source/Calcutta_University).[1][2][3] Chakraborty was a founding member of the [Revolutionary Socialist Party](/source/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(India)) (RSP) in 1940.[1][4] He was again imprisoned by the British authorities in 1942 during the [Quit India](/source/Quit_India) movement.[1][3]

## Labour leader

Chakraborty was a leader of the [All India Trade Union Congress](/source/All_India_Trade_Union_Congress) and served as secretary of the Bengal Provincial Trade Union Congress.[3][5] In 1949, Chakraborty, K.T. Shahand, and Mrinal Kanti Bose founded the [United Trade Union Congress](/source/United_Trade_Union_Congress) (UTUC).[6]

RSP fielded Chakraborty as its candidate in the [Belgachia seat](/source/Belgachia_Assembly_constituency) in the [1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1952_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election). Chakraborty finished in seventh place with 571 votes (2.64%)[7]

Chakraborty was part of a small group of RSP Central Committee members who dominated the party leadership after the departure of the ageing [Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee](/source/Jogesh_Chandra_Chatterjee) from the helm of the organisation.[1][8] Chakraborty was the foremost trade union leader and organiser of the RSP in West Bengal.[8] Between 1947 and 1962, Chakraborty was arrested 13 times in connection with different agitations, such as the January 1956 struggle against the Bihar-Bengal merger and the July 1960 central government employees' strike.[3][9][10] In 1952, Chakraborty was part of a UTUC delegation visiting [China](/source/China) for [May Day](/source/International_Workers'_Day). In 1953, he took part in a study visit to trade unions in the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom) under the [Colombo Plan](/source/Colombo_Plan), and in 1954, he was a delegate to the [World Federation of Trade Unions](/source/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions) congress held in the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union).[3][11]

## Legislator

Chakraborty contested the [Muchipara seat](/source/Muchipara_Assembly_constituency) in the [1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1957_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election). Muchipara was a constituency located in three central Calcutta wards (wards number 30, 43 and 45).[3] This time, RSP was part of a [Communist Party of India](/source/Communist_Party_of_India)-led left coalition.[3] Chakraborty won the seat, obtaining 15,251 votes (50.27%).[12] He won by a margin of 511 votes.[3][12] His support was concentrated in wards 30 and 43, the latter characterized by housing a large red light district.[3] During his tenure as a legislator, he actively sought to maintain links with his constituents, often visiting homes and attending social gatherings in the area.[3] He kept offices in each ward and regularly attended these offices at fixed evening hours.[3] Chakraborty had a high profile as a legislator; his actions in the legislature were often reported in Calcutta newspapers.[3] Per a prominent Congress politician he was second among opposition politicians only to the communist [Leader of the Opposition](/source/Leader_of_the_Opposition) [Jyoti Basu](/source/Jyoti_Basu).[3]

After the death of UTUC general secretary M.K. Bose in 1957, the [Bolshevik Party of India](/source/Bolshevik_Party_of_India) leader [Sisir Roy](/source/Sisir_Roy) became the new UTUC general secretary. However, according to [Harold Crouch](/source/Harold_Crouch) (1966), the real power within UTUC lay with Chakraborty.[13] Chakraborty was one of the secretaries of UTUC.[1][13][14] Chakraborty became a member of the Governing Body of the [National Productivity Council](/source/National_Productivity_Council) when it was founded in 1957.[1][3][15] In 1961, Chakraborty visited [Czechoslovakia](/source/Czechoslovakia) as a member of a National Productivity Council delegation.[3]

Chakraborty lost the Muchipara seat in the [1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1962_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election), finishing in second place with 18,141 votes (49.26%).[16] He lost the seat to Congress candidate [Pratap Chandra Chunder](/source/Pratap_Chandra_Chunder), who won by a margin of 545 votes.[3] Chakraborty remained the most voted candidate in wards 30 and 43, but the increase in Congress vote in ward 45 shifted the balance in Chunder's favour.[3]

## United Front

Chakraborty was a member of the [West Bengal Legislative Council](/source/West_Bengal_Legislative_Council) during the 1960s.[17][18] Chakraborty and other UTUC leaders played an important role in shaping left unity for the [1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1967_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election).[19] In the [1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1969_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election), Chakraborty won the [Sealdah seat](/source/Sealdah_Assembly_constituency). He obtained 27,797 votes (55.32%).[20] Chakraborty became one of two RSP ministers in the [United Front state government](/source/Second_Mukherjee_ministry) formed after the 1969 election.[21] He held the post of Minister for Parliamentary Affairs and served as the Chief Whip in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly since February 1969.[22][2] He attended the seventh congress of the [World Federation of Trade Unions](/source/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions), held in [Budapest](/source/Budapest) in 1969.[23] He also visited [East Germany](/source/East_Germany), where he was received by the [Free German Trade Union Federation](/source/Free_German_Trade_Union_Federation).[23]

## 1971 and 1972 elections

In the [1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1971_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election), Chakraborty contested the [Balurghat seat](/source/Balurghat_Assembly_constituency) instead. He finished in second place with 22,941 votes (42.11%).[24] In the [1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1972_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election), RSP fielded him in the [Dhakuria seat](/source/Dhakuria_Assembly_constituency), finishing in second place with 20,550 votes (38.63%).[25] During the election campaign, he survived an assassination attempt, as a bomb exploded on 27 February 1972.[26]

## Left Front minister

Chakraborty won the Dhakuria seat in the [1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1977_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election), obtaining 32,029 votes (48.92%).[27] He was appointed Minister-in-Charge of the Public Works Department (excluding the Metropolitan Development Branch) and the Department of Housing in the first [Left Front](/source/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)) state government.[1][22][28] In the midst of the post-electoral frenzy, the incoming minister, Chakraborty, had the dome of the [Shaheed Minar](/source/Shaheed_Minar,_Kolkata) monument painted [red](/source/Red#Socialism_and_communism). The move proved unpopular in the city, and Chakraborty was forced undo the colour change of the monument.[29][30][31]

He retained the Dhakuria seat in the [1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1982_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election), obtaining 51,151 votes (60.60%).[32] He retained his ministerial portfolios in the second Left Front government.[33]

In mid-1983, Chakraborty was embroiled in a dispute with [pop](/source/Pop_music) singer [Usha Uthup](/source/Usha_Uthup).[34] The controversy lasted for about two months.[35] Chakraborty decried Uthup's performances as "*apasanskriti*" ([decadent](/source/Decadence)).[36] Chakraborty publicly argued that he wanted to protect Bengali society from "cheap, [disco](/source/Disco), perverted culture".[35] Chakraborty declared that Uthup would be stopped from performing in state-run auditoriums.[37] Chakraborty and RSP workers disrupted Uthup's shows.[36][38] Uthup sued Chakraborty for defamation because of his comments against her.[35][39] A Calcutta High Court judge ruled in favour of Uthup.[35][38]

He again won the Dhakuria seat in the [1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1987_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election), with 53,361 votes (53.10%).[40] Chakraborty retained his role as Minister of the Public Works Department in the third Left Front state government formed after the 1987 election.[41]

## Bengal Lamps controversy

In 1988, Chakraborty was at the centre of a major political controversy, which almost brought down the state government. On 18 September 1988, the Bengali daily *[Ananda Bazar Patrika](/source/Ananda_Bazar_Patrika)* published a note attributed to Chakraborty, which alleged that he had received instructions from the Chief Minister [Jyoti Basu](/source/Jyoti_Basu) to favour the [Jadavpur](/source/Jadavpur) based loss-making firm Bengal Lamps company (where Jyoti Basu's son [Chandan](/source/Jyoti_Basu#Personal_life) was employed at that time) with bulk orders from the Public Works Department.[42] At the time, it was widely believed that Chakraborty himself had leaked the note.[42] Political commentators speculated that recent decisions to remove the State Housing Board from his responsibilities and to hand over road construction to the Public Works Department and the [Zilla Parishads](/source/District_council_(India)) could have provoked Chakraborty to leak the note.[42] Another explanation, circulating at the time, was that Chakraborty had leaked the note upon orders from the RSP, in the wake of a low point in RSP-CPI(M) relations after violence committed by CPI(M) cadres against the members of other Left Front parties in the lead up to the 1988 [panchayat](/source/Panchayati_raj) elections.[42] In the run-up to the panchayat elections, Chakraborty had called Basu "arrogant and haughty" in a speech at a rally, and had apologize soon thereafter.[39] Other commentators speculated that the note might have originated from the bureaucracy and was linked to disputes among bureaucrats.[42] The CPI(M) accused Chakraborty of fabricating a false accusation against Basu and asked him to apologize, admit the note was false, and resign from his ministerial post.[42][43] Chakraborty refused to back down.[43] Initially, RSP supported Chakraborty, and it appeared that the Left Front was heading towards a break-up.[42] Eventually, the crisis was averted as RSP changed position and asked Chakraborty to resign.[42][43] Chakraborty resigned from his ministerial post on 28 October 1988.[43][44][45] Chakraborty was expelled from RSP.[43][4]

## In the political wilderness

Chakraborty's departure from the party diminished the RSP's clout.[46] After the rupture with the Left Front, he emerged as a vocal critic of the government.[4][47] Around 1991, he tried to mobilise Left Front dissidents into a "third front" ahead of the upcoming elections, and garnered a degree of support in Calcutta.[4] He would describe the first 5–7 years of Left Front governance as a positive experience, but that in later years, 'decay crept in'.[47] In particular, Chakraborty criticized the economic policies of the Left Front government.[47] He publicly criticized the installation of a statue of [Ho Chi Minh](/source/Ho_Chi_Minh), instead calling for a [Jayaprakash Narayan](/source/Jayaprakash_Narayan) statue to be raised at the same spot.[4] [Gorkha National Liberation Front](/source/Gorkha_National_Liberation_Front) leader [Subhash Ghising](/source/Subhash_Ghising) invited Chakraborty to [Darjeeling](/source/Darjeeling) to discuss support for autonomy for the Gorkha Hills.[48]

He contested the [1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election](/source/1991_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election) with Congress(I) support.[49] Chakraborty ran as an [independent candidate](/source/Independent_(politician)) in the Dhakuria seat, finishing in second place with 40,426 votes (34.14%) and losing the seat to the RSP candidate [Kshiti Goswami](/source/Kshiti_Goswami).[50] Chakraborty died in August 1996.[51]

## Legacy

Popularly known as "Jakie Da", Chakraborty played a major role in West Bengal politics.[52][53] A controversial figure, he was described variably as "sharp-tongued, witty, vigorous, courageous - but somewhat lacking in decorum", "a man of colourful personality" and "ebullient".[52][47][37] In 1988, *[The Illustrated Weekly of India](/source/The_Illustrated_Weekly_of_India)* stated that Chakraborty had an "uncanny ability to spout utterances which embroil him in needless, unsavoury controversies".[39] In 1966, the *[Economic and Political Weekly](/source/Economic_and_Political_Weekly)* commentator [Flibbertigibbet](/source/Flibbertigibbet) stated that "Jatin Chakraborty has never been known to be an easy person to accommodate in any alliance".[54] He was known to be a cigar smoker.[55]

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jatin Chakraborty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatin_Chakraborty) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatin_Chakraborty?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.