# Janine Connes
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{{Short description|French astronomer (1926–2024)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Janine Connes
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| birth_name = Janine Roux
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1926|5|19|df=y}}
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|11|28|1926|5|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [Orsay](/source/Orsay), [France](/source/France)
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| fields = [Astronomy](/source/Astronomy)
| workplaces = [Laboratoire Aimé-Cotton](/source/Laboratoire_Aim%C3%A9-Cotton)
Centre inter-régional de calcul électronique (CIRCÉ)
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| academic_advisors = [Pierre Jacquinot](/source/Pierre_Jacquinot)
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| known_for = [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy](/source/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy)
[Connes's advantage](/source/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy)
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| spouse = {{Marriage|Pierre Connes|1951|2019}}
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'''Janine Connes''' ({{Née|'''Roux'''}}, 19 May 1926 – 28 November 2024) was a French astronomer whose research led to the establishment of the [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy](/source/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy) method, which was of major significance and laid the foundations of what was to grow into a significant new field.[{{Cite web|title=CWP at physics.UCLA.edu // Janine Connes|url=http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Connes,_Janine@841234567.html#sip|website=cwp.library.ucla.edu|access-date=2020-05-04}}]
Connes was married to {{III|Pierre Connes|fr}}, a fellow astronomer, until his death in 2019. The couple often conducted research together.[{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBxRMpQ5ZtwC&dq=Janine+Connes&pg=PT127 |title= The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning |author= James Lovelock |date= 2009 |publisher= [Penguin books](/source/Penguin_books) |isbn= 978-0141039251 |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}] Together with her husband and [Robert B. Leighton](/source/Robert_B._Leighton), they were nominated for the [Nobel Prize in Physics](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics) in 1970.[{{Cite web |last=Mehlin |first=Hans |date=2024-05-21 |title=Nomination%20Physics%201970%20113-0 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show.php?id=20859&mode= |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}]
==Research==
The Connes work was primarily in analysing the [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy](/source/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy) technique, a field the couple began studying in 1954 in [Laboratoire Aimé-Cotton](/source/Laboratoire_Aim%C3%A9-Cotton) directed by [Pierre Jacquinot](/source/Pierre_Jacquinot).[{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_6tBxNak1lkC&dq=Janine+Connes&pg=PA127 |title= Instrumentation Between Science, State and Industry |publisher= Springer |date= 2001 |author= B. Joerges, T. Shinn |isbn= 0792367367 |page= 127 |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}] Her 1961 thesis and subsequent publications gave in-depth analysis of the practical details necessary for its use, with her thesis credited for establishing many of the early design principles.[{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zT3T5cyZ4zQC&dq=Janine+Connes&pg=PA222 |title= Exploration of the Solar System by Infrared Remote Sensing |date= 2003 |publisher= [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press) |isbn= 0521818974 |author= R. A. Hanel |accessdate= 27 March 2014 |page= 222}}]
She collaborated and travelled often to the [Jet Propulsion Laboratory](/source/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory) of [NASA](/source/NASA).[{{cite web |url= http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Connes,_Janine@841234567.html |title= Janine Connes |work= Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics |publisher= [University of California](/source/University_of_California) |date= 1997 |accessdate= 27 March 2014 |first= Ian |last= McLean}}][{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mUArAAAAYAAJ&dq=Janine+Connes&pg=PA31 |title= Atmospheric Exploration by Remote Probes: Final Report of the Panel on Remote Atmospheric Probing |volume= 2 |publisher= [National Academies](/source/National_Academies) |date= 1969 |author= National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Remote Atmospheric Probing |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}] Connes identified the registration advantage of using [interferometry](/source/interferometry).[{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bOWUDeiYshsC&dq=Janine+Connes&pg=PA151 |title= Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control |publisher= [Academic Press](/source/Academic_Press) |date= 2009 |author= Da-Wen Sun |isbn= 978-0080920870 |page= 151 |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}] This result is known as [Connes's advantage](/source/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy).[{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Décès de Janine Connes |url=http://www.idris.fr/media/annonces/janine_connes_deces.pdf |website=Institut du développement et des ressources en informatique scientifique |language=fr}}] She works there as director of the center until 1982.[{{Cite news |date=28 November 2024 |title=Janine Connes obituary |url=https://www.pfg.fr/avis-de-deces/jeannine-connes-23224-24-000982 |access-date=8 December 2024}}][{{Cite web |title=Prix Aimé Cotton - Société Française de Physique |url=https://www.sfpnet.fr/prix/prix-aime-cotton |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=sfpnet.fr |language=fr}}]
== Publications ==
Source: