# Jane Chance

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American scholar

Jane Chance Born 1945 (age 80–81) Years active 1973–2011 Known for Tolkien studies Notable work Tolkien's Art: A 'Mythology for England'

**Jane Chance** (born 1945), also known as **Jane Chance Nitzsche**, is an American scholar specializing in medieval English literature, gender studies, and [J. R. R. Tolkien](/source/J._R._R._Tolkien). She spent most of her career at [Rice University](/source/Rice_University), where since her retirement she has been the [Andrew W. Mellon](/source/Andrew_Mellon) Distinguished [Professor Emerita](/source/Emeritus_professor) in English.

## Education

Chance earned her BA from [Purdue University](/source/Purdue_University) in 1967 with Highest Distinction and an Honors in English and her MA in English (1968) and PhD in Medieval English Literature (1971) from the [University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign](/source/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana%E2%80%93Champaign).[1]

## Teaching

She taught at the [University of Saskatchewan](/source/University_of_Saskatchewan) and then moved to Rice University in 1973 to teach [Old English literature](/source/Old_English_literature); she was the first woman appointed to a [tenure-track](/source/Academic_tenure) position in the English department there.[2][3] She was appointed to the Andrew W. Mellon Professorship in 2008 and became emerita upon her retirement in 2011.[1][2] She is founder president of the Consortium for the Teaching of the Middle Ages.[3]

At Rice, Chance established what became the Medieval Studies Program; she headed the first Women's Studies program within the English department, which was nationally noted.[3] In 1982 she was the first ever woman on the faculty at Rice University to gain maternity leave.[3] In the late 1980s she was the first president of the Rice Commission on Women.[2][3][4] She unsuccessfully sued the university for gender discrimination in 1988.[5][6][7] She attempted to appeal the case in the early 1990s but was unsuccessful. [8] In 1995 she established and funded the Julia Mile Chance Prize for Excellence in Teaching, named for her mother, "to honor women as teachers".[3]

## Comparative literature and medievalism

As Jane Chance Nitzsche, Chance published a revised version of her dissertation as *The Genius Figure in Antiquity and the Middle Ages* in 1975.[9] Beginning in 1994, she published a three-volume history of medieval [mythography](/source/Mythography). Volume I, *From Roman North Africa to the School of Chartres, A.D. 433–1177*, was termed "monumental" and "highly detailed" by Sarah Stanbury in *[Arthuriana](/source/Arthuriana)* who nonetheless found the focus on gender poorly supported;[10] although the reviewer in *[Speculum](/source/Speculum_(journal))* called it "disappointing";[3][11] Volume 2, *From the School of Chartres to the Court at Avignon, 1177–1350*, was called "immensely learned and ambitious" in the same journal in 2002.[12] The final volume, *The Emergence of Italian Humanism, 1321–1475*, appeared in 2015, and was judged by one reviewer to be less comprehensive than claimed.[13] In 1995 she also published *Mythographic Chaucer: the Fabulation of Sexual Politics*.[2][14]

Other works in which Chance focuses on medieval women and gender studies include *Woman as Hero in Old English Literature* (1986),[15] which investigated, among other things, the concept of women as [peace-weavers](/source/Peace-weaver)[16] and their frequent failure,[17] and *The Literary Subversions of Medieval Women* (2007);[18] she edited *Gender and Text in the Later Middle Ages* (1996)[19] and *Women Medievalists and the Academy* (2005), which [Helen Damico](/source/Helen_Damico), writing in *[JEGP](/source/JEGP)*, called "massive in size and major in significance".[20]

## Tolkien scholarship

Further information: [Tolkien's Art: A 'Mythology for England'](/source/Tolkien's_Art%3A_A_'Mythology_for_England')

Chance is a leading [Tolkien scholar](/source/Tolkien_research).[21] Her books in this field include *[Tolkien's Art: A 'Mythology for England'](/source/Tolkien's_Art%3A_A_'Mythology_for_England')* (1979; revised edition 2001),[22] *The Lord of the Rings: The Mythology of Power* (1992; revised edition 2001), in which she uses the theoretical framework of [Michel Foucault](/source/Michel_Foucault),[23][24] *[Tolkien and the Invention of Myth](/source/Tolkien_and_the_Invention_of_Myth): A Reader* (2004),[25] and *Tolkien, Self and Other: "This Queer Creature"* (2016), a biography with literary analysis.[26] Her book, *Tolkien's Art: A 'Mythology for England'* (1979; revised edition 2001) is considered to be one of the first scholarly studies of Tolkien's works. Through looking at Middle Earth in a new way with a Medieval lens, she adds a whole new world to the study of the works of Tolkien. [27] She appeared in a 2001 episode of *National Geographic*, "Beyond the Movie:*The Lord of the Rings*" and another interview she did with *National Geographic* ended up in the Collector's DVD Edition of Peter Jackson's [The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring](/source/The_Lord_of_the_Rings%3A_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring). [27]

## Honors and distinctions

Chance was awarded a [Guggenheim Fellowship](/source/Guggenheim_Fellowship) in 1980[28] and has also received membership in the [Institute for Advanced Study](/source/Institute_for_Advanced_Study) in Princeton, New Jersey.[14] In 1998 she won the IMAPCT Award for Outstanding Rice Faculty Women from Rice University. [29]

She received numerous fellowships throughout the years for her research on Medieval Mythography. A few of the fellowships she received were the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) in the late 1970s, a Residency at the Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio in Lake Como, Italy in 1988, a Visiting Research Fellowship at the University of Edinburgh in the late 1980s, and a Eccles Research Fellow position at the University of Utah in the mid 1990s. [27]

She won [SCMLA](/source/Modern_Language_Association_of_America) Best Book awards for both the *Medieval Mythography* series and *The Literary Subversions of Medieval Women*.[2]

In 2013 she was awarded an honorary doctorate of letters from Purdue University[1][2][14] and honored in a symposium at the [International Congress on Medieval Studies](/source/International_Congress_on_Medieval_Studies) organized by the Medieval Foremothers' Society.[14]

## Filmography

Year[30] Title Role Notes 2002 National Geographic: Beyond the Movie, "The Lord of the Rings" Herself National Geographic TV DVD Directed by Lisa Kors 2005 Ringers: Lord of the Fans Herself SONY Pictures DVD Directed by Carlene Cordova

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-English_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-English_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-English_1-2) ["Jane Chance, 1973–2011"](https://web.archive.org/web/20161221022215/http://english.rice.edu/chance.aspx). Rice University Department of English. Archived from [the original](http://english.rice.edu/chance.aspx) on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Women_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Women_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Women_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Women_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Women_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Women_2-5) ["Jane Chance"](https://web.archive.org/web/20161221022154/https://cswgs.rice.edu/chance/). Center for the Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Rice University. Archived from [the original](https://cswgs.rice.edu/chance/) on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-longer_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-longer_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-longer_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-longer_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-longer_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-longer_3-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-longer_3-6) Jane Chance (2000). ["'Mine is Longer': Gender Difference and Female Authority in the Academy"](https://doi.org/10.17077%2F1536-8742.1298). *Medieval Feminist Forum*. **30** (1): 16–23. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.17077/1536-8742.1298](https://doi.org/10.17077%2F1536-8742.1298).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Joel Sendek (April 10, 1987). ["Female faculty assemble to investigate inequalities"](https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth245664/m1/6/). *The Rice Thresher*. p. 6.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Lisa Gray (April 22, 1988). ["Chance charges university with discrimination"](https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth245694/m1/1/). *The Rice Thresher*. p. 1.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Lorraine Snyder (November 4, 1988). ["Chance suit delayed, awaits new judge"](https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth245705/m1/1/). *[The Rice Thresher](/source/The_Rice_Thresher)*. p. 1.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Kraettli Epperson (November 8, 1991). ["Chance appeals discrimination decision"](https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth245796/m1/6/). *The Rice Thresher*. p. 6.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:2_8-0)** Kraettli Epperson (November 8, 1991). ["Chance appeals discrimination decision"](https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth245796/m1/6/). *The Rice Thresher*. p. 6.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [D. W. Robertson Jr.](/source/D._W._Robertson_Jr.) (Summer 1976). "Review: *The Genius Figure in Antiquity and the Middle Ages* by Jane Chance Nitzsche". *Comparative Literature*. **28** (3: *Contemporary Criticism: Theory and Practice*): 288. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1769227](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1769227). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1769227](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1769227).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Sarah Stanbury (Winter 1995). "Review: *Medieval Mythography: From Roman North Africa to the School of Chartres, A.D. 433-1177* by JANE CHANCE". *[Arthuriana](/source/Arthuriana)*. **5** (4): 117–20. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1353/art.1995.0011](https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fart.1995.0011). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [27869160](https://www.jstor.org/stable/27869160). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [161943734](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161943734).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Winthrop Wetherbee (January 1997). "Review: *Medieval Mythography: From Roman North Africa to the School of Chartres, A.D. 433–1177*, by Jane Chance". *[Speculum](/source/Speculum_(journal))*. **72** (1): 125–27. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/2865880](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2865880). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [2865880](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2865880).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** John Block Friedman (October 2002). "Review: *Medieval Mythography, 2: From the School of Chartres to the Court at Avignon, 1177–1350* by Jane Chance". *Speculum*. **77** (4): 1254–57. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/3301233](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3301233). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [3301233](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3301233).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Carrie Beneš (August 2015). ["Review: Chance, Jane. *Medieval Mythography, Volume 3: The Emergence of Italian Humanism, 1321–1475*"](https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/tmr/article/view/19633/25720). *[The Medieval Review](/source/The_Medieval_Review)*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Purdue_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Purdue_14-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Purdue_14-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Purdue_14-3) ["Jane Chance - Doctor of Letters"](https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2013/Q2/jane-chance---doctor-of-letters-.html). [Purdue University](/source/Purdue_University). May 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Hope Weissman (January 1988). "Review: *Woman as Hero in Old English Literature* by Jane Chance". *Speculum*. **63** (1): 134–36. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/2854337](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2854337). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [2854337](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2854337).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Maren Clegg Hyer (2006). "Textiles and Textile Imagery in the Exeter Book". In Robin Netherton; [Gale R. Owen-Crocker](/source/Gale_Owen-Crocker) (eds.). [*Medieval Clothing and Textiles*](https://books.google.com/books?id=_YYqcas7hD4C&pg=PA36). Boydell & Brewer. pp. 29–40. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781843831235](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843831235).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Megan Cavell (2016). [*Weaving Words and Binding Bodies: The Poetics of Human Experience in Old English Literature*](https://books.google.com/books?id=9tsQDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA283). University of Toronto. p. 283. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781442637221](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442637221).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** R. N. Swanson (September 2011). ["Review: *The Literary Subversions of Medieval Women*. By Jane Chance"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2265.2011.00682_29.x). *The Heythrop Journal*. **52** (5): 856–57. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1468-2265.2011.00682_29.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2265.2011.00682_29.x).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Clare A. Lees (January 1998). "Review: *Gender and Text in the Later Middle Ages* by Jane Chance". *[The Journal of English and Germanic Philology](/source/The_Journal_of_English_and_Germanic_Philology)*. **97** (1): 105–07. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [27711611](https://www.jstor.org/stable/27711611).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** [Helen Damico](/source/Helen_Damico) (April 2008). "Review: *Women Medievalists and the Academy* by Jane Chance". *The Journal of English and Germanic Philology*. **107** (2): 245–48. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/20722616](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20722616). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [20722616](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20722616). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [254485477](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254485477).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Norbert Schürer (November 13, 2015). ["Tolkien Criticism Today"](https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/tolkien-criticism-today/). *[Los Angeles Review of Books](/source/Los_Angeles_Review_of_Books)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Edward R. Haymes (Spring 1980). "Review: *Tolkien's Art: A 'Mythology for England'* by Jane Chance Nitzsche". *The South Central Bulletin*. **40** (1): 23–24. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/3187842](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3187842). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [3187842](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3187842).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Robert Boenig (Spring 1993). "Review: *The Lord of the Rings: The Mythology of Power* by Jane Chance". *South Central Review*. **10** (1): 102–03. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/3190291](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3190291). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [3190291](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3190291).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Daniel J. Smitherman (2003). "Revised Editions of Tolkien Scholarship". *Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature*. **57** (1): 109–11. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1348047](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1348047). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1348047](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1348047). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [162473169](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162473169).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Anthony B. Buccitelli (Summer 2006). "Review: *Tolkien and the Invention of Myth: A Reader* by Jane Chance". *Western Folklore*. **65** (3): 343–345. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [25474798](https://www.jstor.org/stable/25474798).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["*Tolkien, Self and Other: "This Queer Creature"*"](http://www.palgrave.com/br/book/9781137398956). *SpringerLink*. Palgrave Macmillan.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_27-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_27-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_27-2) ["Jane Chance | Rice University - Academia.edu"](https://rice.academia.edu/JaneChance/CurriculumVitae). *rice.academia.edu*. Retrieved 2024-11-02.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Jane Chance"](https://web.archive.org/web/20161220194542/http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/jane-chance/). [John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation](/source/John_Simon_Guggenheim_Memorial_Foundation). Archived from [the original](http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/jane-chance/) on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:0_29-0)** ["Jane Chance- Medievalist Most Published Professor in Rice University Humanities"](https://arruf.rice.edu/sites/g/files/bxs3686/files/inline-files/ARRUF%20-%20Jane%20Chance%20Rev2.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved October 20, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["Jane Chance | Rice University - Academia.edu"](https://rice.academia.edu/JaneChance/CurriculumVitae). *rice.academia.edu*. Retrieved 2024-11-02.

## External links

- [Personal page](http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~jchance/) at Rice University

v t e J. R. R. Tolkien Bibliography Letters Poetry and songs Songs for the Philologists (1936) "Bagme Bloma" The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son (1953) "A Walking Song" (1954) The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (1962) "Errantry" "Fastitocalon" "The Sea-Bell" "The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late" The Road Goes Ever On (1967) Bilbo's Last Song (1974) The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún (2009) The Fall of Arthur (2013) The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien (2024) List of Tolkien's alliterative verse Fiction The Hobbit (1937) "Leaf by Niggle" (1947) The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun (1945) Farmer Giles of Ham (1949) The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring (1954) The Two Towers (1954) The Return of the King (1955) Tree and Leaf (1964) The Tolkien Reader (1966) Smith of Wootton Major (1967) Posthumous fiction The Father Christmas Letters (1976) The Silmarillion (1977) Unfinished Tales (1980) Mr. Bliss (1982) The History of Middle-earth (1983–1996) The Book of Lost Tales The Lays of Beleriand The Shaping of Middle-earth The Lost Road and Other Writings The History of The Lord of the Rings Morgoth's Ring The War of the Jewels The Peoples of Middle-earth Roverandom (1998) The Children of Húrin (2007) The History of The Hobbit (2007) The Story of Kullervo (2015) Beren and Lúthien (2017) The Fall of Gondolin (2018) The Nature of Middle-earth (2021) The Fall of Númenor (2022) Academic works Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Middle English text, 1925) "The Devil's Coach Horses" (1925) "Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiðhad" (1929) "Sigelwara Land" (1932–34) "Chaucer as a Philologist: The Reeve's Tale" (1934) "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" (1936) "On Fairy-Stories" (1939) Eucatastrophe "On Translating Beowulf" (1940) Sir Orfeo (1944) Ancrene Wisse (1962) "English and Welsh" (1963) Jerusalem Bible (as translator and lexicographer, 1966) Posthumous academic Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, and Sir Orfeo (translations, 1975) Exodus (1981) Finn and Hengest (1982) The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays (1983) Beowulf and the Critics (2002) Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary with "Sellic Spell" (2014) A Secret Vice (2016) Scholars (works) Biographers Humphrey Carpenter J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography (1977, authorized biography) John Garth Tolkien and the Great War The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien Catherine McIlwaine Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth Charles Moseley Christian Stratford Caldecott Matthew T. Dickerson Colin Duriez Peter Kreeft Holly Ordway Joseph Pearce Fleming Rutledge Ralph C. Wood Literary critics Douglas A. Anderson The Annotated Hobbit Nicholas Birns Bradley J. Birzer Janice Bogstad & Philip Kaveny Picturing Tolkien David Bratman Janet Brennan Croft Tolkien on Film Patrick Curry Bradford Lee Eden Dimitra Fimi Tolkien, Race and Cultural History Jason Fisher Verlyn Flieger Interrupted Music A Question of Time Splintered Light Michael Foster Nick Groom Wayne G. Hammond & Christina Scull J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide Randel Helms Thomas Honegger Charles A. Huttar Paul H. Kocher Master of Middle-Earth Stuart D. Lee The Keys of Middle-earth Jared Lobdell A Tolkien Compass John D. Rateliff Robin Anne Reid Brian Rosebury Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon Amy H. Sturgis Anna Vaninskaya Richard C. West Elizabeth Whittingham Rose Zimbardo Understanding The Lord of the Rings Linguists Anthony Appleyard Helge Fauskanger Carl F. Hostetter Tom Loback David Salo Arden R. Smith Allan Turner Medievalists, Classicists Marjorie Burns Perilous Realms Jane Chance Tolkien and the Invention of Myth Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England' Michael D. C. Drout J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia Jonathan Evans Vincent Ferré Gergely Nagy Tom Shippey J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century The Road to Middle-Earth Anna Smol Elizabeth Solopova Sandra Ballif Straubhaar Hamish Williams Tolkien and the Classical World Popular Lin Carter Robert Foster Glen GoodKnight Michael Martinez Charles Noad J. E. A. Tyler Related Family Francis Xavier Morgan Influences Artwork Languages constructed by Tolkien Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings Inklings Coalbiters Milton Waldman Mythopoeic Society Elvish Linguistic Fellowship Tolkien's impact on fantasy Tolkien and the modernists Tolkien Estate Tolkien fandom Tolkien fan fiction Tolkien Gateway The Tolkien Society Awards Memorials Reception Tolkien research Mythlore Tolkien Studies Works inspired by Tolkien Tolkien (biographical film) Poems and Songs of Middle Earth (album) Language and Human Nature The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jane Chance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Chance) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Chance?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.