# James Harrison Oliver > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/James_Harrison_Oliver > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/James_Harrison_Oliver.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harrison_Oliver > Source revision: 1352950773 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) American admiral (1857–1928) James Harrison Oliver Born 1857 Houston County, Georgia, U.S. Died 6 April 1928 (aged 70–71) Shirley Plantation, Virginia, U.S. Allegiance United States Branch United States Navy Service years 1877–1921 Rank Rear Admiral Commands USS Culgoa Conflicts World War I Awards Navy Cross **James Harrison Oliver** (1857 – April 6, 1928) was a [rear admiral](/source/Rear_admiral_(United_States)) and member of the [Naval Board of Strategy](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naval_Board_of_Strategy&action=edit&redlink=1) in [World War I](/source/World_War_I). He was the first military [governor of the United States Virgin Islands](/source/Governor_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands) from 1917 to 1919. He was often referred to as **J. H. Oliver**. ## Biography Oliver was born in [Houston County, Georgia](/source/Houston_County%2C_Georgia). He graduated from [Washington and Lee University](/source/Washington_and_Lee_University) in 1872 and the [United States Naval Academy](/source/United_States_Naval_Academy) in 1877. In 1893, he moved to [Shirley Plantation](/source/Shirley_Plantation) in [Charles City, Virginia](/source/Charles_City%2C_Virginia), where he married and established his lifelong residence, returning there whenever he was not serving in the navy. ## Resignation from the navy [USS *Culgoa*](/source/USS_Culgoa) in 1901 In October 1904, as a [Lieutenant Commander](/source/Lieutenant_commander_(United_States)), he was put in command of [USS *Culgoa*](/source/USS_Culgoa). On the evening of 9 November, off the coast of [New Jersey](/source/New_Jersey), *Culgoa* collided with the [schooner](/source/Schooner) *Wilson and Hunting*: capsizing the schooner, and causing the deaths of four of the people aboard her.[1][2][3] Oliver was arrested and charged, but his [court-martial](/source/Court-martial) was delayed for more than a year, during which time he remained in command of his ship, despite being technically under arrest. (In Navy tradition, he had also been stripped of his sword, a humiliating gesture.) He was eventually acquitted "with honor". At the ceremony where his sword was officially returned, Oliver broke the sword and threw it into the ocean, then immediately resigned from the navy. In his retirement, he briefly served as inspector of the [Fourteenth Lighthouse District](/source/United_States_Lighthouse_Board) in [Cincinnati, Ohio](/source/Cincinnati%2C_Ohio). In 1906, [President](/source/President_of_the_United_States) [Theodore Roosevelt](/source/Theodore_Roosevelt) reinstated his commission, reportedly saying, (with respect to his resignation) "I'd have done the same thing myself." Upon reinstatement, he was simultaneously promoted to [Commander](/source/Commander_(United_States)). He was promoted to [captain](/source/Captain_(United_States)) in 1910 and rear admiral in 1916, just prior to the United States entrance into [World War I](/source/World_War_I). He was subsequently elevated to [Chief of Naval Intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chief_of_Naval_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1) by 1917. ## Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands On March 28, 1917, he was appointed as Governor of the United States Virgin Islands by President [Woodrow Wilson](/source/Woodrow_Wilson). ([Edwin Taylor Pollock](/source/Edwin_Taylor_Pollock) was made acting governor until his arrival.) He held the position for two years, until 1919. He was awarded the [Navy Cross](/source/Navy_Cross) for his service as governor.[4] The US government promptly granted him a loan of $200,000 ($3.4 million, adjusted for inflation) to cover occupation expenses, including building fortifications and stationing troops on the island. Dissatisfied with the quality of local educators, Oliver also requested additional instructors from the mainland. From 1919 until the end of the war, he served on the [Naval Board of Strategy](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naval_Board_of_Strategy&action=edit&redlink=1). Oliver retired from the Navy in January 1921. He died of heart disease in 1928 at his home in Virginia. ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Four sink with vessel"](https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1904-11-12/ed-1/seq-1/). *[New-York Daily Tribune](/source/New-York_Tribune)*. 12 November 1904. p. 1. Retrieved 14 November 2024 – via Chronicling America. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Skipper, wife and two lost"](https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1904-11-12/ed-1/seq-1/). *[The Sun](/source/The_Sun_(New_York_City))*. New York. 12 November 1904. p. 1. Retrieved 14 November 2024 – via Chronicling America. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Schooner cut down and four are lost"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/11/12/120273069.html?pageNumber=16). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. 12 November 1904. p. 16. Retrieved 14 November 2024 – via Times Machine. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["James Oliver - Recipient -"](http://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/9895). *valor.militarytimes.com*. Retrieved 6 May 2020. ## Sources - "Orders to Naval Officers". *[The Washington Post](/source/The_Washington_Post)*. July 27, 1905. p. 7. (*Announcing his retirement / resignation.*) - "Orders to Naval Officers". *The Washington Post*. September 23, 1905. p. 4. (*Appointment as inspector, listed as retired.*) - "Army Orders". *The Washington Post*. August 7, 1906. p. 3. (*Appointment as Commander.*) - "Oliver to Govern our New Islands". *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. March 29, 1917. p. 12. - "Under The Stars And Stripes The Virgin Islands Are A Disappointment To The Natives". *[Current Opinion](/source/The_Literary_Digest)*. **LXIV** (2). [New York City](/source/New_York_City): 152–153. February 1918. - "$200,000 For Virgin Islands.; Wilson Authorizes Gov. Oliver To Spend Sum "In His Discretion."". *The Washington Post*. July 28, 1918. p. ES4. - "Admiral J.H. Oliver Is Dead In Virginia". *The New York Times*. April 7, 1928. p. 11. - "Admiral Oliver, Who Broke Sword and Resigned, Dies". *The Washington Post*. April 7, 1928. p. 1. - "Oliver Laid To Rest While Guns Salute". *[The Atlanta Constitution](/source/The_Atlanta_Constitution)*. April 8, 1928. p. 17A. ## External links - Media related to [James Harrison Oliver](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Harrison_Oliver) at Wikimedia Commons Preceded by Edwin Taylor Pollock Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands 1917–1919 Succeeded by Joseph Wallace Oman v t e Governors of the U.S. Virgin Islands Naval (1917–1931) Pollock Oliver Oman Kittelle Hough Williams Trench W. Evans Civil (1931–1969) Pearson Herrick Cramer Lovett Harwood Hastie de Castro Alexander Claunch Gordon Merwin Paiewonsky King Elected (since 1969) M. Evans King Luis Farrelly Schneider Turnbull de Jongh Mapp Bryan Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND WorldCat National France BnF data --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [James Harrison Oliver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harrison_Oliver) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harrison_Oliver?action=history)). 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