# Jacob Eichenbaum

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{{Short description|Galician-Jewish maskil and educator (1796–1861)}}
{{Use dmy|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox writer
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| name             = Jacob Eichenbaum
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| image            = Jacob_Eichenbaum.jpg
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| native_name      = 
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| pseudonym        = 
| birth_name       = Jacob Gelber
| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1796|10|12|df=y}}
| birth_place      = [Krystynopil](/source/Chervonohrad), [Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria](/source/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria), [Habsburg monarchy](/source/Habsburg_monarchy)
| death_date       = {{Death date and age|1861|12|27|1796|10|12|df=y}}
| death_place      = [Kiev](/source/Kiev), [Kiev Governorate](/source/Kiev_Governorate), Russian Empire
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| occupation       = [Teacher](/source/Teacher), [poet](/source/poet)
| language         = [Hebrew](/source/Hebrew_language)
| nationality      = <!--Deprecated per MOS:INFONAT-->
| citizenship      = [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire)
| education        = 
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| period           = [Haskalah](/source/Haskalah)
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| subject          = [Mathematics](/source/Mathematics)
| movement         = [Modern Hebrew poetry](/source/Modern_Hebrew_poetry)
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| spouse           = <!-- or: | spouses = -->
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| children         = 
| relatives        = [Vsevolod](/source/Volin) and [Boris Eikhenbaum](/source/Boris_Eikhenbaum) (grandsons)
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| years_active     = 1815–1861
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'''Jacob Moiseyovych Eichenbaum''' ({{Langx|yi|יעקב בן־משה אייכענבוים}}, {{langx|uk|Я́ків Мойсе́йович Ейхенба́ум}}; 12 October 1796 – 27 December 1861), born '''Jacob Gelber''', was a [Galician Jewish](/source/Galician_Jews) [maskil](/source/Haskalah), educator, poet and mathematician.

==Biography==
Jacob Gelber was born in the [Galician](/source/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)) city of [Krystynopil](/source/Chervonohrad),{{Sfnm|1a1=Kressel|1y=2018|2a1=Rosenthal|2a2=Dubnow|2y=1901–1906|2p=76}} on 12 October 1796,{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=76}} in the year following the [Third Partition of Poland](/source/Third_Partition_of_Poland) by the [Habsburg monarchy](/source/Habsburg_monarchy). 

By the age of eleven, he was already in his first marriage, but it didn't last long until the divorce, as his father-in-law suspected that he was a [secularist](/source/Jewish_secularism).{{Sfn|Kressel|2018}} In 1815, when he was eighteen, he remarried, adopted the name "Eichenbaum" and settled in [Zamość](/source/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87).{{Sfnm|1a1=Kressel|1y=2018|2a1=Rosenthal|2a2=Dubnow|2y=1901–1906|2p=76}} There he encountered a progressive Jewish youth circle, and began studying [Hebrew](/source/Hebrew_language), [German](/source/German_language), [philosophy](/source/philosophy), and (in particular) [mathematics](/source/mathematics).{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=76}} In 1819, he translated [Euclid](/source/Euclid)'s ''[Elements](/source/Euclid's_Elements)'' from German into Hebrew.{{Sfnm|1a1=Kressel|1y=2018|2a1=Rosenthal|2a2=Dubnow|2y=1901–1906|2p=76}}

He worked as a travelling private tutor,{{Sfnm|1a1=Kressel|1y=2018|2a1=Rosenthal|2a2=Dubnow|2y=1901–1906|2p=76}} teaching Hebrew subjects and mathematics in wealthy households throughout Ukraine.{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=76}} In 1835, Eichenbaum opened a private school for Jewish children in [Odesa](/source/Odesa),{{Sfnm|1a1=Kressel|1y=2018|2a1=Rosenthal|2a2=Dubnow|2y=1901–1906|2p=76}} which had become an important [educational centre](/source/Jewish_education) for [Ukrainian Jews](/source/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine).{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=76}} In 1836, he published ''Kol Zimrah'',{{Sfnm|1a1=Kressel|1y=2018|2a1=Rosenthal|2a2=Dubnow|2y=1901–1906|2p=76}} one of the first books of [Modern Hebrew poetry](/source/Modern_Hebrew_poetry) published in the [Haskalah](/source/Haskalah) period.{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=76}} In 1840, he published ''Ha-Kerav,'' a poetry book describing a variety of [chess moves](/source/Outline_of_chess) in verse.{{Sfnm|1a1=Kressel|1y=2018|2a1=Rosenthal|2a2=Dubnow|2y=1901–1906|2pp=76-77}}

Eichenbaum's educational and literary work attracted the attention of the [Russian government](/source/Government_of_Russia), which advanced his position in the Jewish education system of the Russian Empire.{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=77}} In 1844, Eichenbaum was appointed as director of the [Bessarabian Jewish](/source/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bessarabia) school in [Chișinău](/source/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u), and in 1850, he was appointed as chief inspector of a [Yeshiva](/source/Yeshiva) in [Zhytomyr](/source/Zhytomyr),{{Sfnm|1a1=Kressel|1y=2018|2a1=Rosenthal|2a2=Dubnow|2y=1901–1906|2p=77}} a position which he maintained until his death.{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=77}}

During his final years, he continued to publish works of mathematics and poetry.{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=77}} In 1857, he published a Hebrew arithmetic textbook, ''Ḥokhmat ha-Shi'urim,''{{Sfnm|1a1=Kressel|1y=2018|2a1=Rosenthal|2a2=Dubnow|2y=1901–1906|2p=77}} which he had adapted from a work in the [French language](/source/French_language).{{Sfn|Kressel|2018}} In 1861, he wrote an allegorical poem, ''Ha-Kosem,'' which he published in the Hebrew newspaper ''[Ha-Melitz](/source/Ha-Melitz)''.{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=77}}

On 27 December 1861, Jacob Eichenbaum died in [Kiev](/source/Kiev).{{Sfn|Rosenthal|Dubnow|1901–1906|p=76}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Getzel|last=Kressel|year=2018|title=Eichenbaum (Gelber), Jacob|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/eichenbaum-gelber-jacob|encyclopedia=[Encyclopaedia Judaica](/source/Encyclopaedia_Judaica)|via=[Encyclopedia.com](/source/Encyclopedia.com)|access-date=15 November 2022}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Rosenthal |first1=Herman |last2=Dubnow |first2=Simon |title=Jewish Encyclopedia |volume=5 |pages=76–77 |entry-url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5476-eichenbaum-jacob |entry=Eichenbaum, Jacob |date=1901–1906}}

{{Age of Enlightenment}}
{{Jews and Judaism}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Eichenbaum, Jacob}}
Category:1796 births
Category:1861 deaths
Category:People from Sheptytskyi
Category:People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Category:Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)
Category:19th-century mathematicians from the Russian Empire
Category:19th-century Ukrainian poets
Category:Hebrew-language poets
Category:Jewish chess players
Category:Jewish educators
Category:Jewish scientists
Category:Jewish Ukrainian poets
Category:Jewish writers from the Russian Empire
Category:Ukrainian mathematics educators
Category:Mathematics writers
Category:People of the Haskalah
Category:Ukrainian chess writers
Category:Ukrainian male poets
Category:Ukrainian mathematicians
Category:Ukrainian schoolteachers

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jacob Eichenbaum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Eichenbaum) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Eichenbaum?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.