# Jack Shulman > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Jack_Shulman > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Jack_Shulman.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Shulman > Source revision: 1344391283 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) American communist activist (1914–1999) Jack Shulman in Spain, just prior to the [Battle of Brunete](/source/Battle_of_Brunete). **Jacob (Jack) Shulman**, (1914–1999), was an American [anti-revisionist](/source/Anti-revisionism_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)) [communist](/source/Communism) activist and [Hoxhaist](/source/Hoxhaism) who fought in the [Spanish Civil War](/source/Spanish_Civil_War) and later moved to the [People's Republic of China](/source/People's_Republic_of_China).[1] ## Background Jacob Schulman was born and raised in [Rochester](/source/Rochester%2C_New_York), [New York](/source/New_York_(state)), to Jewish parents who had fled the [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire). His father was a housepainter and his mother a washerwoman. Shulman won a scholarship to college but had to leave due to the onset of the [Great Depression](/source/Great_Depression).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] ## Career Shulman joined the [Young Communist League](/source/Young_Communist_League_USA) in 1930 and went on in 1936 to serve with the [Lincoln Brigade](/source/Lincoln_Brigade) for 26 months during the [Spanish Civil War](/source/Spanish_Civil_War) and in United States Army during World War II.[2] In the early 1950s he worked in the South as part of the Party's organizing efforts with [African Americans](/source/African_American). He was for several years [William Z. Foster](/source/William_Z._Foster)'s secretary.[3] Shulman was dissatisfied by the [Communist Party USA](/source/Communist_Party_USA)'s turn away from [Marxism–Leninism](/source/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism) following [Nikita Khrushchev](/source/Nikita_Khrushchev)'s ["Secret Speech"](/source/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences) in 1956. Following his resignation from the Party, Shulman traveled to [Albania](/source/People's_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania) and [China](/source/China) in pursuit of his political objectives.[4] Shulman visited Albania then moved to China in 1968 and worked as an editor of English language publications during the [Cultural Revolution](/source/Cultural_Revolution) in Beijing. As China itself began to display outward [revisionist](/source/Revisionism_(Marxism)) tendencies Shulman grew closer to the [Party of Labour of Albania](/source/Party_of_Labour_of_Albania). He returned to the United States, published *[Albania Report](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania_Report&action=edit&redlink=1)* and organized the [USA-Albania Friendship Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USA-Albania_Friendship_Association&action=edit&redlink=1). He had good relationships with the India-Albania Friendship Association and Indian Marxist–Leninists. After the [fall of communism in Albania](/source/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania) he participated in the [Alliance Marxist–Leninist (North America)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_(North_America)&action=edit&redlink=1) and supported [International Struggle Marxist–Leninist](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Struggle_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist&action=edit&redlink=1) (ISML). He was associated with the British Marxist–Leninist [W. B. Bland](/source/W._B._Bland). In 2008, former political associates of Shulman helped found the American Party of Labor.[5] ## Personal life Shulman married three times. The ashes of his third wife, Ruth, are buried in the [Martyr's Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martyr%27s_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1) in [Tirana](/source/Tirana).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Shulman died in 1999.[2] His son Norman, an American [draft dodger](/source/Draft_dodger) who joined him in China during the [Vietnam War](/source/Vietnam_War), stayed behind in China for several years and met and later married [Jan Wong](/source/Jan_Wong), a Canadian student who later became a journalist.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Jack Shulman"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070930170859/http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.phtml?title=Jack_Shulman). WikiInfo. April 12, 2004. Archived from [the original](http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.phtml?title=Jack_Shulman) on September 30, 2007. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) ["Shulman, Jack"](https://alba-valb.org/volunteers/jack-shulman/). *The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives*. December 11, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2023. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["MEMORIAL ISSUE OF ALLIANCE"](http://ml-review.ca/aml/AllianceIssues/ALL38INTRO.html). *ml-review.ca*. Retrieved January 23, 2023. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Molla, Ylli (2016). [*Guerilas made in Albania: historia e Arafatit, Kabilës, Lulës, Amazonas dhe luftëtarëve nga 11 shtete, që u përgatitën politikisht dhe ushtarakisht nga pedagogët shqiptarë*](https://books.google.com/books?id=NEK1AQAACAAJ) (in Albanian). Botart. p. 152. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-9928-219-00-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9928-219-00-8). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["The American Party of Labor: 10 Years of Struggle"](https://theredphoenixapl.org/2019/01/30/the-american-party-of-labor-ten-years-of-struggle/). January 31, 2019. ## External links - [Obituary](http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv7n1/obituaries.htm) - [Obituary in the journal International Struggle Marxist-Leninist](https://web.archive.org/web/20040803220602/http://website.lineone.net/~partisan_britain/ISML/isml07/isml0707.html) - [Memorial Issue Alliance 38](https://web.archive.org/web/20041012182507/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/AllianceIssues/ALL38INTRO.html) - [Interview with Jack Shulman Memorial Issue, Alliance 38](https://web.archive.org/web/20040612004550/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/AllianceIssues/ALL38JACKS.html) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Jack Shulman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Shulman) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Shulman?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.