# Itene language

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Itene_language.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itene_language
> Source revision: 1355964417
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{{Short description|Chapacuran language of Bolivia}}
{{distinguish|Mooré|Mure language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Itene
| altname = Moré
| region = [Beni Department](/source/Beni_Department)
| speakers = 45
| date = 2012–2020
| ref = e25
| familycolor = American
| fam1 = [Chapacuran](/source/Chapacuran)
| fam2 = Moré languages
| dia1 = Itoreauhip
| nation = {{flag|Bolivia}}
| iso3 = ite
| glotto = iten1243
| glottorefname = Itene
| states = [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia)
| map2             = Lang Status 20-CR.svg
| mapcaption2      = {{center|Moré is classified as Critically Endangered by the [UNESCO](/source/UNESCO) ''[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger](/source/Atlas_of_the_World's_Languages_in_Danger)''.}}
}}

'''Itene''' (Moré) is a [Chapacuran language](/source/Chapacuran_language) of Bolivia, spoken by 21 people in 1995.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angenot |first=Geralda de Lima Vitor |date=2013-08-23 |title=FONOTÁTICA E FONOLOGIA DO LEXEMA PROTOCHAPAKURA |url=https://periodicos.unir.br/index.php/linguaviva/article/view/714 |journal=Revista Eletrônica Língua Viva |language=pt-BR |volume=3 |issue=1 |issn=2237-9800}}</ref> Itoreauhip is a dialect.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants  ===
{|class="wikitable notatypo" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [Labial](/source/Labial_consonant)
! colspan="2" | [Alveolar](/source/Alveolar_consonant)
! rowspan="2" |[Post-<br>alveolar](/source/Postalveolar_consonant)
! rowspan="2" |[Palatal](/source/Palatal_consonant)
! rowspan="2" | [Velar](/source/Velar_consonant)
! rowspan="2" | [Glottal](/source/Glottal_consonant)
|-
!<small>plain</small>
!<small>lab.</small>
!<small>plain</small>
!<small>pal.</small>
|-
! rowspan="3" |[Plosive](/source/Plosive)
!<small>voiceless</small>
|p
|pʷ̥
|t
|tʲ̥
|t̠̻
|(c)
|k
|ʔ
|-
!<small>preglottal</small>
|ˀ͡ᵖp
|ˀ͡ᵖʷ̥pʷ̥
|ˀ͡ᵗt
| ˀ͡ᵗʲtʲ̥
|
|
|ˀ͡ᵏk
|
|-
!<small>bilabial postvibrant</small>
|
|
|t𐞄̥
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[Nasal](/source/Nasal_consonant)
!<small>voiced</small>
|m
|mʷ
| n
|
|
|ɲ
|
|
|-
!<small>preglottal</small>
|ˀ͡ᵐ̥m
|ˀ͡ᵐ̥ʷ̥mʷ
|ˀ͡ⁿ̥n
|
|
|ˀ͡ᶮ̥ɲ
|
|
|-
!<small>glottalized</small>
|mˀ͡ᵐ̥
|
|nˀ͡ⁿ̥
|
|
|ɲˀ͡ᶮ̥
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[Fricative](/source/Fricative)
|β
|
|s
|
|ʒ̟
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[Approximant](/source/Approximant_consonant)
!<small>plain</small>
|w
|
|
|
|
|j
|
|h
|-
!<small>preglottal</small>
|ˀ͡ʷ̥w
|
|
|
|
|ˀ͡ʲ̥j
|
|
|-
!<small>glottalized</small>
|wˀ͡ʷ̥
|
|
|
|
|jˀ͡ʲ̥ 
|
|
|}

* All plosives are realized as [unreleased](/source/No_audible_release) {{IPA|[C̚]}} word-finally.
* {{IPA|/p/}} is heard as {{IPA|[ɸ]}} in initial position before {{IPA|/u/}}.
* {{IPA|/t/}} can be heard as a tap {{IPA|[ɾ]}} between vowels.
* {{IPA|/k/}} is palatalized to {{IPA|[c]}} when following {{IPA|/i/}}, and as {{IPA|[cᶜ̧]}} when preceding {{IPA|/i/}} in initial position.
* {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ˀ͡ᵏk/}} are heard as {{IPA|[kˣ]}} and {{IPA|[ˀ͡ᵏkˣ]}} when in initial position in free variation.
* {{IPA|/tʲ̥/}} and {{IPA|/ˀ͡ᵗʲtʲ̥/}} are heard as post-fricativized {{IPA|[t̠ᶴ]}} and {{IPA|[ˀ͡ᵗt̠ᶴ]}} when in initial positions.
* {{IPA|/ʒ̟/}} is heard as a lateral {{IPA|[ɮ]}} in word-final position.
* {{IPA|/w/}} is heard as {{IPA|[β]}} when after {{IPA|/ɛ/}}.
* {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} lose their phonemic contrast in the coda position, being neutralized to {{IPA|[t̚]}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Angenot-de-Lima |first=Geralda |url=https://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/tese:lima-2002/lima_2002_tomo1.pdf |title=Description Phonologique, Grammaticale et Lexicale du Moré, Langue Amazonienne de Bolivie et du Brésil |publisher=Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden dissertation |year=2002 |volume=1 |pages=67}}</ref>

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![Front](/source/Front_vowel)
![Back](/source/Back_vowel)
|-
![High](/source/High_vowel)
|i
|u
|-
![Mid](/source/Mid_vowel)
|ɛ
|ɔ
|-
![Low](/source/Low_vowel)
|a
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Phoneme/Phone
!Allophones
!Rules
|-
| rowspan="5" |/i/ [i]
|[ɪ̆]
|/__$ˈ
|-
|[ʉ̞̆]
|_Cʷ_
|-
|[ʉ]
|ˈ_Cʷ_
|-
|[iː]
|/ˈC__$
|-
|[i]
|elsewhere
|-
| rowspan="7" |/ɛ/ [ɛ]
|[ə̆]
|/__$ˈ
|-
|[ə]
|/__C$
|-
|[əː]
|/ˈC__$
|-
|[ɵ]
|_Cʷ_
|-
|[ɛ̆]
|/__$ˈC
|-
|[ɛː]
|/ˈʔ__$
|-
|[ɛ]
|elsewhere
|-
| rowspan="3" |/a/ [a]
|[ɐ̆]
|/__$ˈ
|-
|[aː]
|/ˈC__$
|-
|[a]
|elsewhere
|-
| rowspan="3" |/ɔ/ [ɔ]
|[ɔ̆]
|/__$ˈ
|-
|[ɔː]
|/ˈC__$
|-
|[ɔ]
|elsewhere
|-
| rowspan="3" |/u/ [u]
|[ʊ̆]
|/__$ˈ
|-
|[uː]
|/ˈC__$
|-
|[u]
|elsewhere
|}

==See also==
* [Wariʼ language](/source/Wari%CA%BC_language), the only vibrant language in the same language family, spoken in [Rondônia](/source/Rond%C3%B4nia), Brazil

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chapacuran languages}}
{{Languages of Bolivia}}
{{Jesuit Missions of Moxos}}

Category:Chapacuran languages
Category:Endangered Chapacuran languages

{{Na-lang-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Itene language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itene_language) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itene_language?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.