# Italian Canadians
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{{Short description|Canadian citizens of Italian descent}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Italian Canadians
| native_name = {{native name|fr|Italo-Canadiens}}
{{native name|it|italocanadesi}}
| population = '''1,546,390''' (total population)
'''204,070''' (by birth)
'''1,342,320''' (by ancestry)
[2021 Census](/source/Canada_2021_Census)[{{Cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810033801|title=Ethnic or cultural origin by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=2022-10-26|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=2022-10-26|archive-date=2022-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026151326/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810033801|url-status=live}}]
4.3% of Canada's population.
| popplace = [Greater Toronto Area](/source/Greater_Toronto_Area), [Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario), [Niagara Region](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara), [London](/source/London%2C_Ontario), [Guelph](/source/Guelph), [Windsor](/source/Windsor%2C_Ontario), [Ottawa–Gatineau](/source/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)), [Barrie](/source/Barrie), [Sault Ste. Marie](/source/Sault_Ste._Marie%2C_Ontario), [Greater Sudbury](/source/Greater_Sudbury), [Thunder Bay](/source/Thunder_Bay), [Greater Montreal](/source/Greater_Montreal), [Greater Vancouver](/source/Greater_Vancouver)
| langs = {{hlist| [Canadian English](/source/Canadian_English) | [Canadian French](/source/Canadian_French) | [Italian](/source/Italian_language_in_Canada) | ''[Italian dialects](/source/Languages_of_Italy)'' | ''[Calabrese](/source/Calabrese_language)'' | ''[Faetar](/source/Faetar_language)'' | ''[Neapolitan](/source/Neapolitan_language)'' | ''[Sicilian](/source/Sicilian_language)'' }}
| rels = Predominately [Roman Catholicism](/source/Roman_Catholicism)
| related = Other [Italians](/source/Italian_diaspora), [Sicilian Americans](/source/Sicilian_Americans), [Corsican Americans](/source/Corsican_Americans)
| image = Italian Distribution in Canada, 2021 Census.jpg
| caption =
}}
thumb|250px|Italian Canadians as percent of population by province/territory
'''Italian Canadians''' or '''Italo-Canadians''' ({{langx|fr|Italo-Canadiens}}; {{langx|it|italocanadesi}}) are [Canadian](/source/Canada)-born citizens who are fully or partially of [Italian](/source/Italy) descent, whose ancestors were [Italians](/source/Italians) who migrated to Canada as part of the [Italian diaspora](/source/Italian_diaspora), or Italian-born people in Canada. According to the [2021 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_2021_Census), 1,546,390 [Canadians](/source/Canadians) (4.3% of the total population) claimed full or partial Italian ancestry.[{{cite web|url=http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3901|title=Census of Population|publisher=[Statistics Canada](/source/Statistics_Canada)|date=February 2019|access-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723043804/http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3901|archive-date=2018-07-23|url-status=live}}] Residing mainly in [central](/source/Central_Canada) urban industrial metropolitan areas, Italian Canadians are the seventh largest self-identified [ethnic group in Canada](/source/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada) behind [French](/source/French_Canadians), [English](/source/English_Canadians), [Irish](/source/Irish_Canadians), [Scottish](/source/Scottish_Canadians), [German](/source/German_Canadians) and [Chinese Canadians](/source/Chinese_Canadians).
Italian immigration to Canada started as early as the mid 19th century. A substantial influx of Italian immigration to Canada began in the early 20th century, primarily from rural [southern Italy](/source/southern_Italy), with immigrants primarily settling in [Toronto](/source/Toronto) and [Montreal](/source/Montreal). During the [interwar](/source/interwar) period after [World War I](/source/World_War_I), new immigration laws in the 1920s limited Italian immigration. During [World War II](/source/World_War_II), approximately 600 to 700 Italian Canadian men were [interned between 1940 and 1943](/source/Italian_Canadian_internment) as potentially dangerous [enemy alien](/source/enemy_alien)s with alleged [fascist](/source/fascist) connections.
A second wave of immigration occurred after the World War II, and between the early 1950s and the mid-1960s, approximately 20,000 to 30,000 Italians immigrated to Canada each year, many of the men working in the construction industry upon settling. [Pier 21](/source/Pier_21) in [Halifax, Nova Scotia](/source/Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia) was an influential port of Italian immigration between 1928 until it ceased operations in 1971, where 471,940 individuals came to Canada from [Italy](/source/Italy), making them the third largest ethnic group to immigrate to Canada during that time period. In the late 1960s, the Italian economy experienced a period of growth and recovery, removing one of the primary incentives for emigration. The importance of the family unit of Italian Canadians has provided a central role in the adaptation of newer socioeconomic realities. In 2010, the Government of Ontario proclaimed the month of June as Italian Heritage Month, and in 2017, the Government of Canada also declared the month of June as Italian Heritage Month across Canada.
== History ==
[[File:Italian labourers in Toronto.png|thumb|right|250px|Italian immigrants lay cobblestones on [King Street](/source/King_Street_(Toronto)) in [Toronto](/source/Toronto), 1903]]
[[File:Intérieur de l'épicerie de M. Lembo sur la rue Dante à Montréal BAnQ P748S1P2697.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A grocery store owned by an Italian family in [Little Italy](/source/Little_Italy%2C_Montreal), Montreal, 1910]]
[[File:Commercial. Mirador BAnQ P48S1P16370.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Sign of ''Mirador'', a restaurant in [Montreal](/source/Montreal) owned by an Italian immigrant, 1948]]
The first explorer to coastal North America was the Venetian [John Cabot](/source/John_Cabot) (Giovanni Caboto), making landfall in [Cape Bonavista](/source/Cape_Bonavista), [Newfoundland and Labrador](/source/Newfoundland_and_Labrador), in 1497.[{{cite web|year=2007|title=The Cabot Dilemma: John Cabot's 1497 Voyage & the Limits of Historiography|publisher=[University of Virginia](/source/University_of_Virginia)|access-date=9 April 2018|last=Derek Croxton|quote=|url=http://www.essaysinhistory.com/the-cabot-dilemma-john-cabots-1497-voyage-the-limits-of-historiography/|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410134739/http://www.essaysinhistory.com/the-cabot-dilemma-john-cabots-1497-voyage-the-limits-of-historiography/|archive-date=10 April 2018|url-status=live}}] His voyage to Canada and other parts of the Americas was followed by his son [Sebastian Cabot](/source/Sebastian_Cabot_(explorer)) (Sebastiano Caboto) and [Giovanni da Verrazzano](/source/Giovanni_da_Verrazzano). Immediately after the [unification of Italy](/source/unification_of_Italy), the young nation experienced the phenomenon of emigration on a massive scale. While until that time the migratory destinations had been mostly European, starting in the second half of the 19th century [transatlantic emigration](/source/Transatlantic_migration) to the [Americas](/source/Americas) emerged, in the direction of lands that became typical destinations for Italians.[{{Harvtxt|Troilo|2011|ref=Troilo 2011|p=2}}] The first Canadian [census](/source/census) enumerating the population was not conducted [until 1871](/source/Canada_1871_Census). At this time, there were only 1,035 people of Italian origin that lived in Canada.[{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/italian-canadians|title=Italian Canadians|encyclopedia=[The Canadian Encyclopedia](/source/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia)|access-date=September 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723161736/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/italian-canadians|archive-date=July 23, 2019|url-status=live}}] In 1904, 3,144 of the 8,576 seasonal Canadian Pacific Railway workforce were Italian men.[ Italian workers in that period, as described by Lucy di Pietro, a manager of the Association for the Memory of Italo-Canadian Immigrants, were seen "as transients and judged, according to the stereotype, as warm-blooded people with violent and criminal dispositions". Italians were among the immigrants considered "undesirable", as expressed in [Canada's first law concerning immigration, dating back to 1869](/source/Immigration_Act%2C_1869). This law provided for certain categories of foreigners deemed more "desirable", precisely, for reasons of cultural affinity or stereotypes related to labor industriousness, favoring workers from Great Britain or Northern European countries. Italians were usually referred to by the nickname ''navvies'', short for ''navigator'',][{{Harvtxt|Scarfi|2011|ref=Scarfi 2011|p=47}}] a term coined in England to refer to laborers and which from 1830 onwards was applied in a derogatory sense to those who worked on tunnel or railway construction in uncomfortable conditions.
A substantial influx of [Italian immigration](/source/Italian_diaspora) to Canada began in the early 20th century when over 60,000 Italians moved to Canada between 1900 and 1913.[{{cite web|url=http://www.pier21.ca/culture-trunks/italy/history|title=History - Pier 21|website=www.pier21.ca|access-date=2017-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721010049/http://www.pier21.ca/culture-trunks/italy/history|archive-date=2017-07-21|url-status=live}}] These were largely peasants from [southern Italy](/source/southern_Italy) and agrarian parts of the northeast ([Veneto](/source/Veneto) and [Friuli](/source/Friuli)).[ In 1905, the ''Royal Commission appointed to Inquire into the Immigration of Italian Labourers to [Montreal](/source/Montreal) and alleged Fraudulent Practices of Employment Agencies'' was launched into deceptive tactics used by ''padroni'', labour brokers that recruited Italian workers for Canadian employers.][{{cite web|url=https://pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/royal-commission-on-italian-immigration-1904-1905|title=Royal Commission on Italian Immigration, 1904-1905|publisher=pier21.ca|access-date=2021-03-18|archive-date=2021-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206074046/https://pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/royal-commission-on-italian-immigration-1904-1905|url-status=live}}] These numbers were dwarfed in comparison to those of the United States, however, where about four million Italians immigrated between 1880 and 1920.[ Italian Canadians primarily immigrated to [Toronto](/source/Toronto) and [Montreal](/source/Montreal).][{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIipbPQvBi0C&q=italian&pg=PA178|title=Urban Enigmas: Montreal, Toronto, and the Problem of Comparing Cities|author=Johanne Sloan|year=2007|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |isbn=9780773577077|access-date=2020-11-12|archive-date=2024-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420021940/https://books.google.com/books?id=qIipbPQvBi0C&q=italian&pg=PA178#v=snippet&q=italian&f=false|url-status=live}}] In Toronto, the Italian population increased from 4,900 in 1911, to 9,000 in 1921, constituting almost two percent of Toronto's population.[{{cite book|last=Sturino|first=Franc|title=Forging the chain: a case study of Italian migration to North America, 2000-1930|year=1990|publisher=Multicultural History Society of Ontario|location=Toronto|isbn=0-919045-45-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/forgingchaincase0000stur/page/168 168]|url=https://archive.org/details/forgingchaincase0000stur/page/168}}] [Italians in Toronto](/source/Italian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area) and [in Montreal](/source/Italian_Canadians_in_Greater_Montreal) soon established [ethnic enclave](/source/ethnic_enclave)s, especially [Little Italies in Toronto](/source/Little_Italy%2C_Toronto) and [in Montreal](/source/Little_Italy%2C_Montreal). Smaller communities also arose in [Vancouver](/source/Vancouver), [Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario), [Niagara Falls](/source/Niagara_Falls%2C_Ontario), [Guelph](/source/Guelph), [Windsor](/source/Windsor%2C_Ontario), [Thunder Bay](/source/Thunder_Bay%2C_Ontario), [Sault Ste. Marie](/source/Sault_Ste._Marie%2C_Ontario), [Ottawa](/source/Ottawa) and [Sherbrooke](/source/Sherbrooke). Many also settled in mining communities in [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia) ([Trail](/source/Trail%2C_British_Columbia)),[{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/trail-b-c-s-italian-community-celebrates-decades-of-memories-through-photo-project-1.4352767|title=Trail B.C.'s Italian community celebrates decades of memories through photo project|publisher=cbc.ca|date=October 15, 2017|access-date=July 31, 2020|archive-date=May 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520185239/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/trail-b-c-s-italian-community-celebrates-decades-of-memories-through-photo-project-1.4352767|url-status=live}}][{{Harvtxt|Gebbia|ref=Gebbia 2008|2008|p=63}}] [Alberta](/source/Alberta) ([Crowsnest Pass](/source/Crowsnest_Pass%2C_Alberta)),[{{Cite web|url=https://archive.nationaltrustcanada.ca/issues-campaigns/top-ten-endangered/explore-past-listings/alberta/crowsnest-pass|title=Crowsnest Pass|website=archive.nationaltrustcanada.ca|access-date=2020-07-31|archive-date=2020-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720233419/https://archive.nationaltrustcanada.ca/issues-campaigns/top-ten-endangered/explore-past-listings/alberta/crowsnest-pass|url-status=live}}] [Cape Breton Island](/source/Cape_Breton_Island) ([Inverness](/source/Inverness%2C_Nova_Scotia)),[{{Cite web|url=https://archives.novascotia.ca/genealogy/industrial-cape-breton|title=Government of Nova Scotia|first=Communications Nova|last=Scotia|date=October 20, 2014|website=archives.novascotia.ca|access-date=July 31, 2020|archive-date=February 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223003136/https://archives.novascotia.ca/genealogy/industrial-cape-breton|url-status=live}}] and [Northern Ontario](/source/Northern_Ontario) ([Sault Ste. Marie](/source/Sault_Ste._Marie%2C_Ontario) and [Fort William](/source/Fort_William%2C_Ontario)).[{{cite thesis|url=https://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/98|title=The Italian community in Fort William's East End in the early twentieth century|year=1977|publisher=lakeheadu.ca|type=Thesis|last1=Pucci|first1=Antonio|access-date=2020-07-31|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510194554/https://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/98|url-status=live}}]
This migration was largely halted after [World War I](/source/World_War_I), new immigration laws in the 1920s, and the [Great Depression](/source/Great_Depression) limited Italian immigration. Approximately 40,000 Italians came to Canada during the [interwar period](/source/interwar_period), predominantly from southern Italy where an economic depression and overpopulation had left many families in poverty.[ During [World War II](/source/World_War_II), Italian Canadians were regarded with suspicion and faced a great deal of discrimination. As part of the ''[War Measures Act](/source/War_Measures_Act)'', 31,000 Italian Canadians were labelled as "[enemy aliens](/source/enemy_aliens)" with alleged [fascist](/source/fascist) connections, and between 1940 and 1943, approximately 600 to 700 of these Italian Canadian men were arrested and sent to [internment camp](/source/internment_camp)s, such as [Camp Petawawa](/source/Camp_Petawawa)—in what was the period of [Italian Canadian internment](/source/Italian_Canadian_internment). While many Italian-Canadians had initially supported fascism and [Benito Mussolini](/source/Benito_Mussolini)'s regime for its role in enhancing Italy's presence on the world stage, most Italians in Canada did not harbour any ill will against Canada and few remained committed followers of the fascist ideology.][{{cite web|url=http://www.italiancanadianww2.ca|title=Italian Canadians as Enemy Aliens: Memories of World War II|website=www.italiancanadianww2.ca|access-date=2019-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601215600/http://www.italiancanadianww2.ca/|archive-date=2019-06-01|url-status=live}}][ In 1990, former prime minister [Brian Mulroney](/source/Brian_Mulroney) apologized for the war internment of Italian Canadians to a Toronto meeting of the [National Congress of Italian Canadians](/source/National_Congress_of_Italian_Canadians).][{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/italians-seek-new-apology-from-canada-for-wartime-internments/article1210950/|title=Italians seek new apology from Canada for wartime internments|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=30 April 2010|access-date=22 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612015038/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/italians-seek-new-apology-from-canada-for-wartime-internments/article1210950/|archive-date=12 June 2016|url-status=live}}] In May 2009, [Massimo Pacetti](/source/Massimo_Pacetti) introduced bill C-302, an "Act to recognize the [injustice](/source/injustice) that was done to persons of Italian origin through their "enemy alien" designation and internment during the Second World War, and to provide for [restitution](/source/restitution) and promote education on Italian Canadian history [worth $2.5 million]", which was passed by the [House of Commons](/source/House_of_Commons_of_Canada) on April 28, 2010;[[http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Bills/403/Private/C-302/C-302_3/C-302_3.PDF Third Session, Fortieth Parliament, House of Commons, Bill C–302]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved January 2, 2011. (pdf file)] [Canada Post](/source/Canada_Post) was also to issue a commemorative postage stamp commemorating the internment of Italian Canadian citizens,[{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/apology-to-interned-italian-canadians-questioned-1.971511|title=Apology to interned Italian-Canadians questioned|access-date=2019-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412003352/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/apology-to-interned-italian-canadians-questioned-1.971511|archive-date=2018-04-12|url-status=live}}] however, Bill C-302 did not pass through the necessary stages to become law.[{{cite web|url=http://www.italiancanadianww2.ca/theme/detail/redress_apology|title=Redress and Apology|website=www.italiancanadianww2.ca|access-date=2019-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602031802/http://www.italiancanadianww2.ca/theme/detail/redress_apology|archive-date=2019-06-02|url-status=live}}] In 2021, prime minister [Justin Trudeau](/source/Justin_Trudeau) formally apologized for the war internment of Italian Canadians, in the House of Commons.[{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-apology-italians-1.6042194|title=Trudeau apologizes to Italian Canadians for internment during WW II|publisher=cbc.ca|date=27 May 2021|access-date=28 May 2021|archive-date=29 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529131003/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-apology-italians-1.6042194|url-status=live}}]
A second wave occurred after World War II when Italians, especially from the more southern regions, [Lazio](/source/Lazio), [Abruzzo](/source/Abruzzo), [Molise](/source/Molise), [Apulia](/source/Apulia), [Campania](/source/Campania), [Calabria](/source/Calabria), and [Sicily](/source/Sicily) regions, left the war-impoverished country for opportunities in a young and growing country.[ A small number of [Istrian Italians](/source/Istrian_Italians) and [Dalmatian Italians](/source/Dalmatian_Italians) also immigrated to Canada during the [Istrian-Dalmatian exodus](/source/Istrian-Dalmatian_exodus), leaving their homelands, which were lost to Italy and annexed to [Yugoslavia](/source/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia) after the [Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947](/source/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy%2C_1947).][{{cite web|url=https://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/giorno-ricordo-10-febbraio-2004-2014-dieci-anni-strage-foibe-eccidio-tito-comunisti-slavi-esodo-giuliano-dalmata-77ba65a1-a1e5-460e-bb57-946819b4b905.html|title=Il Giorno del Ricordo|date=10 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2021|language=it|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020045844/https://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/giorno-ricordo-10-febbraio-2004-2014-dieci-anni-strage-foibe-eccidio-tito-comunisti-slavi-esodo-giuliano-dalmata-77ba65a1-a1e5-460e-bb57-946819b4b905.html|url-status=live}}] Between the early 1950s and the mid-1960s, approximately 20,000 to 30,000 Italians immigrated to Canada each year,[{{Harvtxt|Troilo|ref=Troilo 2011|2011|p= 11}}] surpassing those who went to the United States during the same period.[{{Harvtxt|Gabaccia|ref=Gabaccia 2009|2009}}] Between 1946 and 1967, more than 90 percent of Italian immigrants took advantage of the sponsorship system whereby they were admitted into Canada if sponsored by relatives residing in Canada that would assume the financial responsibility for them during their settlement period.[ In 1948, relations between Canada and Italy were formalized through the opening of a Canadian embassy in Rome and an immigration office.][{{Harvtxt|Scarfi|ref=Scarfi 2011|2011|p= 63}}] In the late 1960s, the Italian economy experienced a [period of growth and recovery](/source/Italian_economic_miracle), removing one of the primary incentives for emigration.[ In 1967, the sponsorship system was restricted, instead basing immigrant selection on labour-market considerations, also decreasing the influx of Italian immigration.][ 90 percent of the Italians who immigrated to Canada after World War II remained in Canada, and decades after that period, the community still had fluency in the Italian language.][Stanger-Ross, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=tjFrv_4PmdcC&pg=PA30 30]] There has been an overall decline in the [use of the Italian language in Canada](/source/Italian_language_in_Canada) since 2001.
[Pier 21](/source/Pier_21) in [Halifax, Nova Scotia](/source/Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia) was an influential port of Italian immigration between 1928 until it ceased operations in 1971, where 471,940 individuals came to Canada from Italy, making them the third largest ethnic group to immigrate to Canada during that time period.[{{Cite web |url=https://www.pier21.ca/wp-content/uploads/files/First_75_Years/research_italians.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816000332/https://www.pier21.ca/wp-content/uploads/files/First_75_Years/research_italians.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-16 |url-status=dead }}]
The rapid growth of the metropolitan areas that had attracted Italian immigrants, created a strong demand for construction work, and by the 1960s, more than 15,000 Italian men worked in Toronto's construction industry, representing one third of all construction workers in the city at that time.[ Others started small businesses such as barber shops, grocery stores and bakeries that created Italian ethnic enclaves.][{{Harvtxt|Audenino|Tirabassi|ref=Audenino e Tirabassi 2008|2008|pp=43-48}}] Italian women who entered the workforce often worked in the garment and clothing industry.[ The importance of the [family unit](/source/family_unit) of Italian Canadians has provided a central role in the adaptation of newer socioeconomic realities.][ A mid-1960s study conducted in Montreal found that two in three Canadian-born Italians had their nearest relative living in the same building as them or within a five-minute walking distance, and that more than half of those sampled had chosen to buy a house in a given area due to familiarity and because relatives and other Italian Canadians lived in the vicinity.][ 75 percent of Italians that immigrated after World War II were employed in low-income occupations, but by the mid-1980s, the children of immigrants had achieved a level of higher education comparable to the national average.][ By the 1980s, 86 percent of Italian Canadians owned a home, compared to 70 percent of the general population.][
Canada thus began a multicultural policy that resulted in a strengthening of the identity of the different ethnic groups. Among them, the Italian one experienced a strong socio-cultural transformation due to multiple factors. As the mistrust caused by the fascist period ceased, Italians were able to improve their living conditions, with an increase in the social mobility of young Italian-Canadians. The second generation, better educated, began to abandon the manual jobs traditionally performed by their parents in favor of jobs for which a good level of education was necessary. Many of these young people began to speak English as their first language, moving away from the customs of their parents in a process of constructing their own specific Italian-Canadian identity, different from the category of "Italian citizens residing in Canada" or "population of Italian origin". Thus, a new identity profile was born that originated from the fusion of two cultures to become something else and evolve in its own way.][Rapporto finale Progetto ITACA, ''Collettività italo-canadesi per l'internazionalizzazione dei distretti'', Istituto di Affari Internazionali, 2009. Cf [http://www.iai.it/pdf/DocIAI/IAI0906.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627054439/http://www.iai.it/pdf/DocIAI/IAI0906.pdf|date=27 giugno 2011}}.]
In 2010, the [Government of Ontario](/source/Government_of_Ontario) passed Bill 103 with [royal assent](/source/royal_assent) proclaiming the month of June as Italian Heritage Month.[{{cite web|url=https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-39/session-2/bill-103|title=Bill 103, Italian Heritage Month Act, 2010|publisher=ola.org|access-date=2019-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602032241/https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-39/session-2/bill-103|archive-date=2019-06-02|url-status=live}}] On May 17, 2017, the [Minister of Canadian Heritage](/source/Minister_of_Canadian_Heritage) [Mélanie Joly](/source/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly) passed a unanimous motion, Motion 64, in the House of Commons to recognize the month of June as Italian Heritage Month across Canada — a time to recognize, celebrate and raise awareness of the Italian community in Canada, one of the largest outside of Italy.[{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/news/2017/06/statement_by_ministerjolyonitalianheritagemonth.html|title=Statement by Minister Joly on Italian Heritage Month|publisher=canada.ca|date=June 1, 2017|access-date=June 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602032242/https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/news/2017/06/statement_by_ministerjolyonitalianheritagemonth.html|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}]
In 2019, Canada received the 11th highest number of Italian emigrants, and among non-European countries was the fourth highest after Brazil, the United States and Australia.[''Rapporto Italiani nel Mondo-2019'', Fondazione Migrantes della Conferenza Episcopale Italiana. Available at [https://www.migrantes.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/10/Sintesi_RIM2019.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410190451/https://www.migrantes.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/10/Sintesi_RIM2019.pdf|date=2020-04-10}}] Compared to the past, the skills of migrants have changed as today there are many researchers, skilled workers and entrepreneurs. In 2018, more than half of the Italian citizens who moved abroad (53 percent) had medium-high educational qualifications: 33,000 high school graduates and 29,000 college graduates.[''Italia, in 10 anni espatriati oltre 180 mila laureati'', in ''L'economia'', 16 dicembre 2019.][Report Istat, ''Aumentano gli italiani che si trasferiscono all'estero, diminuiscono le immigrazioni'' [https://www.istat.it/it/files/2019/12/REPORT_migrazioni_2018.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213155621/https://www.istat.it/it/files/2019/12/REPORT_migrazioni_2018.pdf|date=2024-02-13}}.] Highly qualified people are in demand in Canada in areas that are lacking in the territory, particularly in information and communication technologies.[{{Harvtxt|Avveduto|ref=Avveduto 2004|2004|p=14}}]
== Demographics ==
===Ethnicity===
As of the 2021 census, 1,546,390 Canadian residents stated they had [Italian](/source/Italian_people) ancestry, comprising 4.3 percent of Canada's population, marking a 2.6 percent decrease from the 1,587,970 population of the 2016 census.
ethnic origin responses)
!% of total ethnic
population
!Population (single ethnic
origin responses)
!Population (multiple ethnic
origin responses)
!Total % change
|-
|[1871](/source/Canada_1871_Census)[{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zakCX5XPnAAC&q=2%2C110%2C502+census&pg=PA73|title=Multiculturalism and Immigration in Canada: An Introductory Reader|publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press|year=2004|author=Elspeth Cameron|isbn=9781551302492|access-date=2020-11-12|archive-date=2024-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420022053/https://books.google.com/books?id=zakCX5XPnAAC&q=2%2C110%2C502+census&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q=2%2C110%2C502%20census&f=false|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |1,035
| align="right" |0.03%
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
|N/A
|-
|[1881](/source/Canada_1881_Census)[{{Cite web|url=https://www.nber.org/chapters/c5105.pdf|title=Canada|year=1931|publisher=National Bureau of Economic Research|access-date=2020-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103233853/https://www.nber.org/chapters/c5105.pdf|archive-date=2018-11-03|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |45,411
| align="right" |0.6%
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
|{{change|45,411|10,834|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
|[1921](/source/Canada_1921_Census)[{{Cite web|url=http://www65.statcan.gc.ca/acyb02/1967/acyb02_19670197014-eng.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701000703/http://www65.statcan.gc.ca/acyb02/1967/acyb02_19670197014-eng.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-07-01|title=Distribution of the population, by ethnic group, census years 1941, 1951 and 1961|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}]
| align="right" |459,351
| align="right" |2.5%
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
|{{change|459,351|152,245|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
|[1971](/source/Canada_1971_Census)[{{cite book|url=https://cha-shc.ca/_uploads/5c374d645ea1e.pdf|title=The Italians in Canada|year=1989|author=Bruno Ramirez|publisher=Canadian Historical Association|access-date=2021-03-22|archive-date=2021-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021143235/https://cha-shc.ca/_uploads/5c374d645ea1e.pdf|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |747,970
| align="right" |3.1%
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
|{{change|747,970|730,820|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
|[1991](/source/Canada_1991_Census)[{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=61&PRID=0&PTYPE=4&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=104&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=1991 Census of Canada: Data tables – Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1991 Census (20% Sample Data)|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=1993-06-01|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=2019-09-20|archive-date=2021-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016084023/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=61&PRID=0&PTYPE=4&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=104&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |1,147,780
| align="right" |4.1%
| align="right" |750,055
| align="right" |397,725
|{{change|1,147,780|747,970|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
|[1996](/source/Canada_1996_Census)[{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=15511&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=9&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=1996 Census of Canada: Data tables – Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=1998-02-17|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=2019-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812184631/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=5216&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=9&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|archive-date=2019-08-12|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |1,207,475
| align="right" |4.2%
| align="right" |729,455
| align="right" |478,025
|{{change|1,207,475|1,147,780|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
|[2001](/source/Canada_2001_Census)[{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=62911&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=44&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Topic-based tabulation:Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=2019-09-20|archive-date=2021-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114215112/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=62911&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=44&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |1,270,370
| align="right" |4.3%
| align="right" |726,275
| align="right" |544,090
|{{change|1,270,370|1,207,475|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
|[2006](/source/Canada_2006_Census)[{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000|title=Statistics Canada: Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=2008-04-02|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=2019-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812184828/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000|archive-date=2019-08-12|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |1,445,335
| align="right" |4.6%
| align="right" |741,045
| align="right" |704,285
|{{change|1,445,335|1,270,370|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
|[2011](/source/Canada_2011_Census)[{{Cite web|title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables – Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE&VNAMEF|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|date=2013-05-08|access-date=2019-09-20|first=Statistics Canada|last=Government of Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110113652/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE&VNAMEF|archive-date=2019-01-10|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |1,488,425
| align="right" |4.5%
| align="right" |700,845
| align="right" |787,580
|{{change|1,488,425|1,445,335|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
|[2016](/source/Canada_2016_Census)[{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&Lang=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=1341679&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0|title=Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=2017-10-25|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=2019-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002074809/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&Lang=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=1341679&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0|archive-date=2019-10-02|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |1,587,970
| align="right" |4.6%
| align="right" |695,420
| align="right" |892,550
|{{change|1,587,970|1,488,425|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
|[2021](/source/Canada_2021_Census)[{{cite web |url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-28.6/index.html |title=Nunavut Act |publisher=[Justice Canada](/source/Department_of_Justice_(Canada)) |year=1993 |access-date=April 26, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724003900/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-28.6/index.html |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |url-status=live }}] |name="note4"}}
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |95
| align="right" |0.4%
| align="right" |125
| align="right" |0.4%
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Canadians of Italian ethnicity by [province and territory](/source/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada) (2011–2021)
|-
!Province/territory
!Population (2011)[{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census96/data/profiles/Geo-index-eng.cfm?TABID=5&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=255245&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=35682&PRID=0&PTYPE=3&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=1996&THEME=34&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0|title=Profile of Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1996 Census|website=[Statistics Canada](/source/Statistics_Canada)|access-date=2020-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923090431/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census96/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=255165&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=35682&PRID=0&PTYPE=3&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=1996&THEME=34&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0|archive-date=2018-09-23|url-status=live}}]
!% of total ethnic population (1996)
!Population (2001)[{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=62911&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=44&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Census Metropolitan Area|website=[Statistics Canada](/source/Statistics_Canada)|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829125249/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=62911&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=44&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|url-status=live}}]
!% of total ethnic population (2001)
!Population (2006)[{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&Code=532&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000|title=Census Metropolitan Area|website=[Statistics Canada](/source/Statistics_Canada)|date=2 April 2008|access-date=7 January 2020|archive-date=22 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522173457/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&Code=532&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000|url-status=live}}]
!% of total ethnic population (2006)
|-
|[Toronto CMA](/source/Toronto_CMA){{efn|See [Italian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area](/source/Italian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area) for more detailed information. Unlike the [Greater Toronto Area](/source/Greater_Toronto_Area), the Toronto CMA does not include the Halton municipality of [Burlington](/source/Burlington%2C_Ontario), and some Durham municipalities, those being [Scugog](/source/Scugog%2C_Ontario) and [Brock](/source/Brock%2C_Ontario), as well as those within the Oshawa CMA ([Oshawa](/source/Oshawa), [Whitby](/source/Whitby%2C_Ontario), and [Clarington](/source/Clarington)). It does, however, include some municipalities outside the Greater Toronto Area, those being the [Dufferin County](/source/Dufferin_County) municipalities of [Mono](/source/Mono%2C_Ontario) and [Orangeville](/source/Orangeville%2C_Ontario), and the [Simcoe County](/source/Simcoe_County) municipalities of [Bradford West Gwillimbury](/source/Bradford_West_Gwillimbury) and [New Tecumseth](/source/New_Tecumseth%2C_Ontario). The Greater Toronto Area, comprises the whole of the [Regional Municipality of York](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_York), [Regional Municipality of Durham](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_Durham), [Regional Municipality of Halton](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_Halton), [Regional Municipality of Peel](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_Peel) and the [City of Toronto](/source/City_of_Toronto). |name="note"}}
| align="right" |387,655
| align="right" |10.1%
| align="right" |414,310
| align="right" |9.8%
| align="right" |429,380
| align="right" |9.2%
| align="right" |466,155
| align="right" |9.2%
|-
|[Montreal CMA](/source/Montreal_CMA)
| align="right" |163,830
| align="right" |9.2%
| align="right" |220,935
| align="right" |6.7%
| align="right" |224,460
| align="right" |6.6%
| align="right" |260,345
| align="right" |7.3%
|-
|[Greater Vancouver](/source/Greater_Vancouver)
| align="right" |58,465
| align="right" |3.8%
| align="right" |64,285
| align="right" |3.5%
| align="right" |69,000
| align="right" |3.5%
| align="right" |76,345
| align="right" |3.6%
|-
|[Hamilton CMA](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario)
| align="right" |51,320{{efn|Includes pre-amalgamated [Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Municipality](/source/Hamilton-Wentworth_Regional_Municipality) ([Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario) (36,145, 11.4% of total population), [Stoney Creek](/source/Stoney_Creek%2C_Ontario) (10,150, 20.3% of total population), [Glanbrook](/source/Glanbrook%2C_Ontario) (630, 6.5% of total population), [Ancaster](/source/Ancaster%2C_Ontario) (2,175, 9.9% of total population), [Dundas](/source/Dundas%2C_Ontario) (900, 4.1% of total population), [Flamborough](/source/Flamborough%2C_Ontario) (1,320, 4.5% of total population)), [Burlington](/source/Burlington%2C_Ontario) (6,325, 4.9% of total population) and [Grimsby](/source/Grimsby%2C_Ontario) (1,140, 6.2% of total population) |name="note55"}}
| align="right" |11.4%
| align="right" |62,035{{efn|Includes pre-amalgamated [Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Municipality](/source/Hamilton-Wentworth_Regional_Municipality) ([Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario) (35,635, 11.1% of total population), [Stoney Creek](/source/Stoney_Creek%2C_Ontario) (10,705, 19.7% of total population), [Glanbrook](/source/Glanbrook%2C_Ontario) (1,040, 9.9% of total population), [Ancaster](/source/Ancaster%2C_Ontario) (2,475, 10.6% of total population), [Dundas](/source/Dundas%2C_Ontario) (1,155, 5.0% of total population), [Flamborough](/source/Flamborough%2C_Ontario) (1,815, 5.3% of total population)), [Burlington](/source/Burlington%2C_Ontario) (7,715, 5.6% of total population) and [Grimsby](/source/Grimsby%2C_Ontario) (1,495, 7.6% of total population) |name="note45"}}
| align="right" |10.0%
| align="right" |67,685{{efn|Includes post-amalgamated [Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Municipality](/source/Hamilton-Wentworth_Regional_Municipality) into [Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario) (56,265, 11.6% of total population), [Burlington](/source/Burlington%2C_Ontario) (9,520, 6.4% of total population) and [Grimsby](/source/Grimsby%2C_Ontario) (1,905, 9.1% of total population) |name="note5"}}
| align="right" |10.3%
| align="right" |72,440{{efn|Includes [Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario) (58,800, 11.8% of total population), [Burlington](/source/Burlington%2C_Ontario) (11,430, 7.0% of total population) and [Grimsby](/source/Grimsby%2C_Ontario) (2,215, 9.4% of total population) |name="note6"}}
| align="right" |10.6%
|-
|[Niagara Region](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara)
| align="right" |43,040
| align="right" |10.9%
| align="right" |44,515
| align="right" |11.0%
| align="right" |44,645
| align="right" |12.0%
| align="right" |48,850
| align="right" |12.7%
|-
|[National Capital Region](/source/National_Capital_Region_(Canada))
| align="right" |30,265
| align="right" |4.5%
| align="right" |34,350
| align="right" |3.4%
| align="right" |37,435
| align="right" |3.6%
| align="right" |45,005
| align="right" |4.0%
|-
|[Greater Calgary](/source/Greater_Calgary)
| align="right" |22,810
| align="right" |3.2%
| align="right" |23,885
| align="right" |2.9%
| align="right" |29,120
| align="right" |3.1%
| align="right" |33,645
| align="right" |3.1%
|-
|[Windsor](/source/Windsor%2C_Ontario)
| align="right" |20,320
| align="right" |10.6%
| align="right" |29,270
| align="right" |10.6%
| align="right" |30,680
| align="right" |10.1%
| align="right" |33,725
| align="right" |10.5%
|-
|[Greater Edmonton](/source/Greater_Edmonton)
| align="right" |17,780
| align="right" |2.9%
| align="right" |20,020
| align="right" |2.3%
| align="right" |22,385
| align="right" |2.4%
| align="right" |28,805
| align="right" |2.8%
|-
|[Greater Winnipeg](/source/Greater_Winnipeg)
| align="right" |14,460
| align="right" |2.3%
| align="right" |15,245
| align="right" |2.3%
| align="right" |16,105
| align="right" |2.4%
| align="right" |18,580
| align="right" |2.7%
|-
|[Sault Ste. Marie](/source/Sault_Ste._Marie%2C_Ontario)
| align="right" |16,930
| align="right" |20.8%
| align="right" |16,480
| align="right" |20.0%
| align="right" |16,315
| align="right" |21.0%
| align="right" |17,720
| align="right" |22.4%
|-
|[Thunder Bay](/source/Thunder_Bay)
| align="right" |14,265
| align="right" |12.5%
| align="right" |15,095
| align="right" |12.1%
| align="right" |15,395
| align="right" |12.8%
| align="right" |17,290
| align="right" |14.3%
|-
|[London](/source/London%2C_Ontario)
| align="right" |13,455
| align="right" |4.4%
| align="right" |15,570
| align="right" |4.0%
| align="right" |17,290
| align="right" |4.1%
| align="right" |20,380
| align="right" |4.5%
|-
|[Greater Sudbury](/source/Greater_Sudbury)
| align="right" |12,210
| align="right" |7.6%
| align="right" |11,990
| align="right" |7.5%
| align="right" |12,030
| align="right" |7.8%
| align="right" |13,415
| align="right" |8.6%
|-
|[Oshawa CMA](/source/Oshawa_CMA){{efn|Includes the municipalities of [Oshawa](/source/Oshawa), [Whitby](/source/Whitby%2C_Ontario), and [Clarington](/source/Clarington). See [Italian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area](/source/Italian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area) for more detailed information. |name="note10"}}
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |11,675
| align="right" |4.4%
| align="right" |13,990
| align="right" |4.8%
| align="right" |18,225
| align="right" |5.6%
|-
|[Guelph](/source/Guelph)
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |11,135
| align="right" |9.6%
| align="right" |12,110
| align="right" |9.6%
|-
|[Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo](/source/Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo)
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |10,240
| align="right" |2.5%
| align="right" |11,365
| align="right" |2.8%
| align="right" |13,675
| align="right" |3.1%
|-
|[Barrie](/source/Barrie)
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |10,330
| align="right" |5.9%
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Canadians of Italian ethnicity (greater than 10,000) by [metropolitan area](/source/Census_Metropolitan_Area) and [census agglomeration](/source/census_agglomeration) (2011–2021)
|-
!Metropolitan area
!Population (2011)[{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Census Metropolitan Area|website=[Statistics Canada](/source/Statistics_Canada)|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2021-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322035829/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|url-status=live}}]
!% of total ethnic population (2011)
!Population (2016)[{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/GeoSelect-eng.cfm?Lang=E&T=32|title=Census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations|website=[Statistics Canada](/source/Statistics_Canada)|access-date=2017-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207014457/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/GeoSelect-eng.cfm?Lang=E&T=32|archive-date=2017-12-07|url-status=live}}]
!% of total ethnic population (2016)
!Population (2021)[{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population|website=[Statistics Canada](/source/Statistics_Canada)|date=9 February 2022 |access-date=2022-10-26|archive-date=2022-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134619/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E|url-status=live}}]
!% of total ethnic population (2021)
|-
|[Toronto CMA](/source/Toronto_CMA){{efn|See [Italian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area](/source/Italian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area) for more detailed information. Unlike the [Greater Toronto Area](/source/Greater_Toronto_Area), the Toronto CMA does not include the Halton municipality of [Burlington](/source/Burlington%2C_Ontario), and some Durham municipalities, those being [Scugog](/source/Scugog%2C_Ontario) and [Brock](/source/Brock%2C_Ontario), as well as those within the Oshawa CMA ([Oshawa](/source/Oshawa), [Whitby](/source/Whitby%2C_Ontario), and [Clarington](/source/Clarington)). It does, however, include some municipalities outside the Greater Toronto Area, those being the [Dufferin County](/source/Dufferin_County) municipalities of [Mono](/source/Mono%2C_Ontario) and [Orangeville](/source/Orangeville%2C_Ontario), and the [Simcoe County](/source/Simcoe_County) municipalities of [Bradford West Gwillimbury](/source/Bradford_West_Gwillimbury) and [New Tecumseth](/source/New_Tecumseth%2C_Ontario). The Greater Toronto Area, comprises the whole of the [Regional Municipality of York](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_York), [Regional Municipality of Durham](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_Durham), [Regional Municipality of Halton](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_Halton), [Regional Municipality of Peel](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_Peel) and the [City of Toronto](/source/City_of_Toronto). |name="note"}}
| align="right" |475,090
| align="right" |8.6%
| align="right" |484,360
| align="right" |8.3%
| align="right" |444,755
| align="right" |7.2%
|-
|[Montreal CMA](/source/Montreal_CMA)
| align="right" |263,565
| align="right" |7.0%
| align="right" |279,795
| align="right" |7.0%
| align="right" |267,240
| align="right" |6.3%
|-
|[Greater Vancouver](/source/Greater_Vancouver)
| align="right" |82,435
| align="right" |3.6%
| align="right" |87,875
| align="right" |3.6%
| align="right" |83,200
| align="right" |3.2%
|-
|[Hamilton CMA](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario)
| align="right" |75,900{{efn|Includes [Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario) (60,535, 11.9% of total population), [Burlington](/source/Burlington%2C_Ontario) (12,755, 7.4% of total population) and [Grimsby](/source/Grimsby%2C_Ontario) (2,610, 10.4% of total population) |name="note7"}}
| align="right" |10.7%
| align="right" |79,725{{efn|Includes [Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario) (62,335, 11.8% of total population), [Burlington](/source/Burlington%2C_Ontario) (14,235, 7.9% of total population) and [Grimsby](/source/Grimsby%2C_Ontario) (3,155 11.8% of total population) |name="note8"}}
| align="right" |10.8%
| align="right" |80,165{{efn|Includes [Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario) (61,195, 10.9% of total population), [Burlington](/source/Burlington%2C_Ontario) (15,545, 8.5% of total population) and [Grimsby](/source/Grimsby%2C_Ontario) (3,425 12.0% of total population) |name="note9"}}
| align="right" |10.4%
|-
|[Niagara Region](/source/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara)
| align="right" |48,530
| align="right" |12.6%
| align="right" |49,345
| align="right" |12.4%
| align="right" |50,210
| align="right" |11.8%
|-
|[National Capital Region](/source/National_Capital_Region_(Canada))
| align="right" |47,975
| align="right" |4.0%
| align="right" |53,825
| align="right" |4.1%
| align="right" |55,945
| align="right" |3.8%
|-
|[Greater Calgary](/source/Greater_Calgary)
| align="right" |36,875
| align="right" |3.1%
| align="right" |42,940
| align="right" |3.1%
| align="right" |41,620
| align="right" |2.8%
|-
|[Windsor](/source/Windsor%2C_Ontario)
| align="right" |30,880
| align="right" |9.8%
| align="right" |33,175
| align="right" |10.2%
| align="right" |37,665
| align="right" |9.1%
|-
|[Greater Edmonton](/source/Greater_Edmonton)
| align="right" |29,580
| align="right" |2.6%
| align="right" |33,800
| align="right" |2.6%
| align="right" |32,235
| align="right" |2.3%
|-
|[Oshawa CMA](/source/Oshawa_CMA){{efn|Includes the municipalities of [Oshawa](/source/Oshawa), [Whitby](/source/Whitby%2C_Ontario), and [Clarington](/source/Clarington). See [Italian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area](/source/Italian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area) for more detailed information. |name="note10"}}
| align="right" |20,265
| align="right" |5.8%
| align="right" |22,870
| align="right" |6.1%
| align="right" |22,745
| align="right" |5.5%
|-
|[London](/source/London%2C_Ontario)
| align="right" |20,210
| align="right" |4.3%
| align="right" |22,625
| align="right" |4.6%
| align="right" |22,755
| align="right" |4.3%
|-
|[Greater Winnipeg](/source/Greater_Winnipeg)
| align="right" |18,405
| align="right" |2.6%
| align="right" |19,435
| align="right" |2.6%
| align="right" |19,060
| align="right" |2.3%
|-
|[Sault Ste. Marie](/source/Sault_Ste._Marie%2C_Ontario)
| align="right" |16,005
| align="right" |20.4%
| align="right" |16,025
| align="right" |20.9%
| align="right" |14,945
| align="right" |19.8%
|-
|[Thunder Bay](/source/Thunder_Bay)
| align="right" |15,575
| align="right" |13.1%
| align="right" |16,610
| align="right" |14.0%
| align="right" |16,615
| align="right" |13.7%
|-
|[Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo](/source/Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo)
| align="right" |14,860
| align="right" |3.2%
| align="right" |18,650
| align="right" |3.6%
| align="right" |19,475
| align="right" |3.4%
|-
|[Greater Sudbury](/source/Greater_Sudbury)
| align="right" |13,115
| align="right" |8.3%
| align="right" |13,500
| align="right" |8.3%
| align="right" |12,935
| align="right" |7.7%
|-
|[Guelph](/source/Guelph)
| align="right" |12,915
| align="right" |9.3%
| align="right" |14,430
| align="right" |9.6%
| align="right" |14,075
| align="right" |8.6%
|-
|[Barrie](/source/Barrie)
| align="right" |11,415
| align="right" |6.2%
| align="right" |14,460
| align="right" |7.4%
| align="right" |16,190
| align="right" |7.7%
|-
|[Victoria](/source/Victoria%2C_British_Columbia)
| align="right" |10,535
| align="right" |3.1%
| align="right" |11,665
| align="right" |3.3%
| align="right" |12,750
| align="right" |3.3%
|}
===Language and immigration===
{{main|Italian language in Canada}}
As of 2021, of the 1,546,390 Italian Canadians, 204,070 are Italian born immigrants,[ with 319,505 claiming [Italian](/source/Italian_Language) as their [mother tongue](/source/Demolinguistic_descriptors_used_in_Canada).][ There has been an overall decline in the use of the Italian language since 2001.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Italian mother tongue speakers in Canada
|-
!Year
!Population
!% of non-official language mother]
tongue speakers in Canada
!% of all language mother tongue
speakers in Canada
!% of Italian Canadians
|-
| 1991[[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=97&PRID=0&PTYPE=4&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=110&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= Population by Mother Tongue (27), Showing Age Groups (13)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322035831/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=97&PRID=0&PTYPE=4&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=110&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |date=2021-03-22 }}, [1991 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_1991_Census)]
| align="right" |449,660
| align="right" |12.7%
| align="right" |1.7%
| align="right" |39.2%
|-
| 1996[[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=1199&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=6&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= Population by Mother Tongue (27), Showing Age Groups (13)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322035832/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=1199&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=6&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |date=2021-03-22 }}, [1996 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_1996_Census)]
| align="right" |484,500
| align="right" |10.5%
| align="right" |1.7%
| align="right" |40.1%
|-
| 2001[[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=55542&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=41&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= Population by Mother Tongue (27), Showing Age Groups (13)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322035832/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=55542&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430%2C53293%2C55440%2C55496%2C71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=41&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |date=2021-03-22 }}, [2001 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_2001_Census)]
| align="right" |469,485
| align="right" |9.0%
| align="right" |1.6%
| align="right" |37.0%
|-
| 2006[[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89199&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=701&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= Population by Mother Tongue (27), Showing Age Groups (13)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701114242/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89199&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=701&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |date=2013-07-01 }}, [2006 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_2006_Census) {{Cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89202&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971%2C97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=File not found | Fichier non trouvé |access-date=January 4, 2020 |archive-date=July 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701114242/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89202&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971%2C97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |url-status=dead }}]
| align="right" |455,040
| align="right" |7.4%
| align="right" |1.5%
| align="right" |31.5%
|-
| 2011[{{Cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1#Note20 |title=Census Profile – Province/Territory, Note 20 |date=8 February 2012 |access-date=2020-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516201615/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1#Note20 |archive-date=2016-05-16 |url-status=live }}]
| align="right" |407,485
| align="right" |6.2%
| align="right" |1.2%
| align="right" |27.4%
|-
| 2016[{{Cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada|date=August 2, 2017|website=Statistics Canada|access-date=January 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095154/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1|archive-date=October 15, 2017|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |375,645
| align="right" |5.1%
| align="right" |1.1%
| align="right" |23.7%
|-
| 2021[{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census – Canada|date=August 17, 2017|website=Statistics Canada|access-date=August 17, 2022|archive-date=October 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027195802/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&Geo=01&SO=4D|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |319,505
| align="right" |4.1%
| align="right" |0.9%
| align="right" |20.7%
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Italian immigrant population to Canada
|-
!Period
!Population
!% of total
Canadian immigration
|-
| 1901–1910[
| align="right" |58,104
| align="right" |3.5%
|-
| 1911–1920][
| align="right" |62,663
| align="right" |3.7%
|-
| 1921–1930][
| align="right" |26,183
| align="right" |2.1%
|-
| 1931–1940][
| align="right" |3,898
| align="right" |2.4%
|-
| 1941–1950][
| align="right" |20,682
| align="right" |4.2%
|-
| 1951–1960][
| align="right" |250,812
| align="right" |15.9%
|-
| 1961–1970][
| align="right" |190,760
| align="right" |13.5%
|-
| 1971–1978][
| align="right" |37,087
| align="right" |3.1%
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Italian immigrant population in Canada
|-
!Year
!Population
!% of immigrants]
in Canada
!% of Canadian
population
|-
| 1986[
| align="right" |366,820
| align="right" |9.4%
| align="right" |1.5%
|-
| 1991][
| align="right" |351,615
| align="right" |8.1%
| align="right" |1.3%
|-
| 1996][[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=1192&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=5&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= Immigrant Population by Selected Places of Birth (84) and Sex (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1986-1996 Censuses (20% Sample Data)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322035831/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=1192&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=5&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |date=2021-03-22 }}, [1996 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_1996_Census)]
| align="right" |332,110
| align="right" |6.7%
| align="right" |1.2%
|-
| 2001[[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=62125&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=43&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010072331/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=62125&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=43&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |date=2021-10-10 }}, provinces and territories - 20% sample data, [2001 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_2001_Census)]
| align="right" |315,455
| align="right" |5.8%
| align="right" |1.1%
|-
| 2006[[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-557/T404-eng.cfm?Lang=E&T=404&GH=4&GF=1&SC=1&S=1&O=D Topic-based tabulations{{!}}Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813090211/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-557/T404-eng.cfm?Lang=E&T=404&GH=4&GF=1&SC=1&S=1&O=D |date=2019-08-13 }}, [2006 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_2006_Census) {{Cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89202&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971%2C97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=File not found | Fichier non trouvé |access-date=January 4, 2020 |archive-date=July 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701114242/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89202&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971%2C97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |url-status=dead }}]
| align="right" |296,850
| align="right" |4.8%
| align="right" |0.9%
|-
| 2011[{{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105411&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=Citizenship (5), Place of Birth (236), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey |date=8 May 2013 |access-date=2020-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615073626/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105411&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |archive-date=2017-06-15 |url-status=live }}]
| align="right" |260,250
| align="right" |3.6%
| align="right" |0.8%
|-
| 2016[{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=21&Geo=01&SO=4D|title=Data tables, 2016 Census|website=[Statistics Canada](/source/Statistics_Canada)|date=25 October 2017 |access-date=2020-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218085754/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=21&Geo=01&SO=4D|archive-date=2020-02-18|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |236,635
| align="right" |3.1%
| align="right" |0.7%
|-
| 2021[{{cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810030701|title=Immigrant status and period of immigration by place of birth: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions|website=[Statistics Canada](/source/Statistics_Canada)|date=26 October 2022|access-date=2022-10-26|archive-date=2022-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026123851/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810030701|url-status=live}}]
| align="right" |204,070
| align="right" |2.4%
| align="right" |0.6%
|}
===Religion===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious affiliation of Italian Canadians
! rowspan="3" |Religious group
! colspan="3" |2001[{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2001|title=Selected Demographic and Cultural Characteristics (105), Selected Ethnic Groups (100), Age Groups (6), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data |url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=68635&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=44&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}]{{efn|name=R2001|Religious breakdown proportions based on "Italian" ethnic or cultural origin response on the [2001 census](/source/2001_Canadian_census).[{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2023-05-10 |title= Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=9810034101 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}]{{efn|name=R2021|Religious breakdown proportions based on "Italian" ethnic or cultural origin response on the [2021 census](/source/2021_Canadian_census).[{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=42410&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=9&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=Data tables, 1996 Census |date=1996 |work=[1996 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_1996_Census) |access-date=2026-01-01}}]
| align="right" |$19,961
| align="right" |N/A
| align="right" |{{change|19961|18891|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|-
| 2016[{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=112450&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=Data tables, 2016 Census |date=2016 |work=[2016 Census of Canada](/source/Canada_2016_Census) |access-date=2026-01-01}}]
| align="right" |$36,452
| align="right" |{{change|36452|19961|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
| align="right" |{{change|36452|34205|dec=1|align=right|invert=on|disp=out}}
|}
== Italian Canadian culture, media and education ==
{{main|Italian language in Canada#Italian culture in Canada}}
Notable Italian-Canadian films have included ''[Almost America](/source/Almost_America)'', ''[Caffè Italia, Montréal](/source/Caff%C3%A8_Italia%2C_Montr%C3%A9al)'', ''[Corbo](/source/Corbo)'', ''[Enigmatico](/source/Enigmatico)'', ''[From the Vine](/source/From_the_Vine)'', ''[Mambo Italiano](/source/Mambo_Italiano_(film))'', ''[The Saracen Woman](/source/The_Saracen_Woman) (La Sarrasine)'' and [Ricardo Trogi](/source/Ricardo_Trogi)'s semi-autobiographical tetralogy of ''[1981](/source/1981_(film))'', ''[1987](/source/1987_(film))'', ''[1991](/source/1991_(film))'' and ''[1995](/source/1995_(film))''.
Depictions of Italian Canadians in television have included the series ''[Ciao Bella](/source/Ciao_Bella_(TV_series))'', ''[Fugget About It](/source/Fugget_About_It)'' and ''[Il Duce canadese](/source/Il_Duce_canadese)''.
In literature, the novels of [Nino Ricci](/source/Nino_Ricci), particularly his [Governor General's Award](/source/Governor_General's_Award)-winning 1990 novel ''[Lives of the Saints](/source/Lives_of_the_Saints_(Ricci_novel))'', are the best-known depictions of Italian-Canadian culture.
== Notable Italian Canadians ==
{{Main|List of Italian Canadians}}
== Italian districts in Canada ==
=== Alberta ===
* [Little Italy, Edmonton](/source/Little_Italy%2C_Edmonton)
=== Greater Montreal area ===
* [LaSalle, Quebec](/source/LaSalle%2C_Quebec)
* [Laval, Quebec](/source/Laval%2C_Quebec)
* [Little Italy, Montreal](/source/Little_Italy%2C_Montreal)
* [Montréal-Nord](/source/Montr%C3%A9al-Nord)
* [Notre-Dame-de-Grâce](/source/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce), Montreal (Saint-Raymond)
* [Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal](/source/Rivi%C3%A8re-des-Prairies%E2%80%93Pointe-aux-Trembles)
* [Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel](/source/Saint-L%C3%A9onard%E2%80%94Saint-Michel)
* [Saint-Léonard, Quebec](/source/Saint-L%C3%A9onard%2C_Quebec)
* [Saint-Michel, Montreal](/source/Saint-Michel%2C_Montreal)
* [Via Italia](/source/Jean_Talon_Street)
=== Ottawa ===
* [Little Italy, Ottawa](/source/Little_Italy%2C_Ottawa)
* [St. Anthony of Padua (Ottawa)](/source/St._Anthony_of_Padua_(Ottawa))
=== Nova Scotia ===
* [Dominion, Nova Scotia](/source/Dominion%2C_Nova_Scotia), and other communities on [Cape Breton Island](/source/Cape_Breton_Island)[{{cite web|url=https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/in-photos-dominion-italian-hall-prepped-for-annual-seaside-daze-chicken-dinner-100981887|title=Italian Hall Prepped for Annual Seaside Daze Chicken Dinner|publisher=[SaltWire](/source/SaltWire)}}]
=== Hamilton, Ontario ===
* [James St. North](/source/James_Street_(Hamilton%2C_Ontario))
* [Stoney Creek](/source/Stoney_Creek%2C_Ontario)
=== Greater Toronto Area ===
* [Little Italy, Toronto](/source/Little_Italy%2C_Toronto)
* [Palmerston-Little Italy](/source/Palmerston-Little_Italy), Toronto
* [Corso Italia](/source/Corso_Italia_(Toronto)) – [St. Clair Avenue West](/source/St._Clair_Avenue_West)
* [Corso Italia-Davenport](/source/Corso_Italia-Davenport), Toronto
* [Maple Leaf, Toronto](/source/Maple_Leaf%2C_Toronto)
* [Downsview, Toronto](/source/Downsview%2C_Toronto)
* [Woodbridge](/source/Woodbridge%2C_Ontario), [Vaughan](/source/Vaughan)
* [Nobleton](/source/Nobleton%2C_Ontario), [King](/source/King%2C_Ontario)
* [Bolton](/source/Bolton%2C_Ontario), [Caledon](/source/Caledon%2C_Ontario)
=== Windsor, Ontario ===
* [Via Italia, Erie St.](/source/Neighbourhoods_of_Windsor%2C_Ontario)
=== British Columbia ===
* [Burnaby, British Columbia](/source/Burnaby%2C_British_Columbia)
* [Little Italy, Vancouver](/source/Little_Italy%2C_Vancouver)
* [Trail, British Columbia](/source/Trail%2C_British_Columbia)
=== Manitoba ===
* [Little Italy, Winnipeg](/source/Little_Italy%2C_Winnipeg)
== See also ==
{{Portal|Canada|Italy}}
* [Canada–Italy relations](/source/Canada%E2%80%93Italy_relations)
* [Demographics of Canada](/source/Demographics_of_Canada)
* [Italian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area](/source/Italian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area)
* [Italian Canadians in Greater Montreal](/source/Italian_Canadians_in_Greater_Montreal)
* [Italian Walk of Fame](/source/Italian_Walk_of_Fame)
* [Languages of Canada](/source/Languages_of_Canada)
* [Italian language in Canada](/source/Italian_language_in_Canada)
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Audenino |first1=P. |title=Migrazioni italiane. Storia e storie dell'Ancien régime a oggi |last2=Tirabassi |first2=M. |publisher=Bruno Mondatori |year=2008 |location=Milan |pages=43–48 |ref=Audenino e Tirabassi 2008}}
* {{Cite book |last=Avveduto |first=S. |title=La mobilità delle alte qualifiche in Europa, Canada e USA in Studi emigrazione, anno XLI |publication-date=December 2004 |pages=889–910 |ref=Avveduto 2004}}
* Colantonio, Frank (1997). ''From the Ground up: an Italian Immigrant's Story''. Toronto, Ont.: Between the Lines. 174 p., ill. with b&w photos.
* {{citation |last =Fanella |first =Antonella |year =1999 |title =With heart and soul: Calgary's Italian community |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=VgEYrFCm548C&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1 |publisher =University of Calgary Press |isbn =1-55238-020-3 |access-date =2020-11-12 |archive-date =2024-04-20 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240420022020/https://books.google.com/books?id=VgEYrFCm548C&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1#v=snippet&q=Italian%20Canadians&f=false |url-status =live }}
* {{citation |last =Marisa De |first =Franceschi |year =1998 |title =Pillars of lace: the anthology of Italian-Canadian women writers |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=rkmqnf3lqEgC&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1 |publisher =Guernica |isbn =1-55071-055-9 |access-date =2020-11-12 |archive-date =2024-04-20 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240420022026/https://books.google.com/books?id=rkmqnf3lqEgC&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1#v=snippet&q=Italian%20Canadians&f=false |url-status =live }}
* {{citation |last =Harney |first =Nicholas De Maria |year =1998 |title =Eh, paesan!: being Italian in Toronto |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=nzTVzYCfHE4C&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1 |publisher =University of Toronto Press |isbn =0-8020-4259-7 |access-date =2020-11-12 |archive-date =2024-04-20 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240420022030/https://books.google.com/books?id=nzTVzYCfHE4C&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1#v=snippet&q=Italian%20Canadians&f=false |url-status =live }}
* {{Cite book |last=Gabaccia |first=Donna R. |title=L'Italia fuori d'Italia, in Storia d'Italia Annali 24. Migrazioni |publisher=Einaudi |year=2009 |location=Turin |pages=226–230 |ref=Gabaccia 2009}}
* {{Cite book |last=Gebbia |first=A. |title=Gli italiani in Canada: storia e cultura, in Semestrale di studi e ricerche in geografia |year=2008 |ref=Gebbia 2008}}
* Harney, Nicholas DeMaria. "Ethnicity, Social Organization, and Urban Space: A Comparison of Italians in Toronto and Montreal" (Chapter 6). In: Sloan, Joanne (editor). ''Urban Enigmas: Montreal, Toronto, and the Problem of Comparing Cities'' (Volume 2 of Culture of Cities). [McGill-Queen's Press](/source/McGill-Queen's_Press) (MQUP), January 1, 2007. {{ISBN|0773577076}}, 9780773577077. Start p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=qIipbPQvBi0C&pg=PA178 178].
{{refend}}
* {{citation |last =Iacovetta |first =Franca |year =1993 |title =Such Hardworking People: Italian Immigrants in Postwar Toronto |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=iWTidgNwNYgC&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1 |publisher =McGill-Queen's University Press |isbn =0-7735-1145-8 |access-date =2020-11-12 |archive-date =2024-04-20 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240420022055/https://books.google.com/books?id=iWTidgNwNYgC&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1#v=snippet&q=Italian%20Canadians&f=false |url-status =live }}
* {{citation |last =Pivato |first =Joseph |year =1998 |title =The anthology of Italian-Canadian writing |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=JB3sWUmdb6IC&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1 |publisher =Guernica |isbn =1-55071-069-9 |access-date =2020-11-12 |archive-date =2024-04-20 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240420022021/https://books.google.com/books?id=JB3sWUmdb6IC&q=Italian%20Canadians&pg=PP1#v=snippet&q=Italian%20Canadians&f=false |url-status =live }}
* Pivato, Joseph (1994) ''Echo: Essay on Other Literatures''. Toronto: Guernica
* {{Cite book |last=Scarfi |first=S. |title=La costruzione di un'identità italo-canadese attraverso l'arte. Il ruolo dell'istituto italiano di cultura di Toronto., tesi di laurea presso Università Cà Foscari Venezia |year=2011 |pages=42–49 |ref=Scarfi 2011}}
* {{Cite book |last=Troilo |first=M. |title=Lavoro ed imprenditoria degli italiani in Canada, tra vecchie e nuove generazioni, in Diacronie |year=2011 |ref=Troilo 2011}}
== External links ==
{{commons category|Canadians of Italian descent}}
* [http://www.italiancanadianww2.ca Italian Canadians as Enemy Aliens: Memories of World War II]
* [http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/cultur/presenza/pszase.shtml The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Italian Canadian Heritage]
* [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/italian-canadians Canadian Italians] at The Canadian Encyclopedia
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050408164923/http://canadese.org/ncic_About_Italian_Canadians_Biblio.html Bibliography]}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050707080848/http://www.athabascau.ca/cll/research/hisitcan.htm A History of Italian-Canadian Writing]
* [http://brantford.library.on.ca/genealogy/pdfs/historyofoursitalian.pdf History of Ours: History of Italo-Canadian People in Brantford]
* [http://www.thecanadian.it Italian Canadians in Italy]{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120504020748/http://multiculturalcanada.ca/ Multicultural Canada website] includes digitized books, newspapers and documents, as well as Italian Canadian women oral history and photographic education.
{{People of Canada}}
{{Italian diaspora}}
Category:Ethnic groups in Canada
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Category:Italian diaspora in Canada
Category:Canada–Italy relations
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Italian Canadians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Canadians) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Canadians?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.