# Ismail County
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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_County
> Source revision: 1145874946
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{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Județul Ismail
| other_name =
| settlement_type = County (''Județ'')
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| flag_link =
| image_shield = Interbelic Ismail County CoA.png
| shield_link =
| image_map = Romania 1930 county Ismail.png
| map_caption =
| subdivision_type = [Country](/source/Countries_of_the_world)
| subdivision_name = 25px [Romania](/source/Kingdom_of_Romania)
| subdivision_type2 = Historic region
| subdivision_name2 = [Bessarabia](/source/Bessarabia)
| subdivision_type3 = Capital city (''Reședință de județ'')
| subdivision_name3 = [Ismail](/source/Izmail)
| government_type = [Prefect](/source/Prefect_(Romania))
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
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| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1925 (first time)
1941 (second time)
| established_title2 = Ceased to exist
| established_date2 = 1938 (first time)
1944 (second time)
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 =4212
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| population_as_of = 1930
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 225509
| population_density_km2 =auto
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| timezone = [EET](/source/Eastern_European_Time)
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = [EEST](/source/Eastern_European_Summer_Time)
| utc_offset_DST = +3
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}}
'''Ismail County''' was a county ([județ](/source/jude%C8%9B)) of [Romania](/source/Romania) between 1925 and 1938 and between 1941 and 1944, in [Bessarabia](/source/Bessarabia), with the capital city at [Ismail](/source/Izmail). It was also a county of [Moldavia](/source/Moldavia) between 1856 and 1859, and of the [Principality of Romania](/source/Principality_of_Romania) between 1859 and 1878, in [Southern Bessarabia](/source/Southern_Bessarabia).
==Geography==
The county was located in the eastern part of [Greater Romania](/source/Greater_Romania), in the south of the historical region of [Bessarabia](/source/Bessarabia), north of the Chilia branch of the [Danube](/source/Danube).
The county neighboured the counties of [Cetatea-Albă](/source/Cetatea-Alb%C4%83_County) and [Cahul](/source/Cahul_County_(Romania)) to the north, [Covurlui](/source/Covurlui_County) to the west, [Tulcea](/source/Tulcea_County) to the south and the [Black Sea](/source/Black_Sea) to the south-east.[{{in lang|ro}} Memoria.ro, [http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/ismail/index.html# Map of Ismail County], accessed on February 20, 2012] Today, the territory of the former county is primarily in [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine), with a smaller part in the west belonging to [Moldova](/source/Moldova).
==Administration==
The county comprised four districts (''[plăși](/source/plas%C4%83)''):[{{in lang|ro}} Memoria.ro, [http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/ismail/index.html#administratie Administrative Divisions of Ismail County], accessed on February 20, 2012]
#Plasa Bolgrad, headquartered at [Bolgrad](/source/Bolhrad)
#Plasa Chilia Nouă, headquartered at [Chilia Nouă](/source/Kiliya%2C_Ukraine)
#Plasa Fântâna Zânelor, headquartered at [Fântâna-Zânelor](/source/Izmail)
#Plasa Reni, headquartered at [Reni](/source/Reni%2C_Ukraine)
There were five cities in the county: [Ismail](/source/Izmail) (capital), [Bolgrad](/source/Bolhrad), [Chilia Nouă](/source/Kiliya%2C_Ukraine), [Reni](/source/Reni%2C_Ukraine), and [Vâlcov](/source/V%C3%A2lcov).
==Population==
According to the Romanian census of 1930 the population of Ismail County was 225,509, of which 31.9% were ethnic Romanians, 29.7% Russians, 19.2% Bulgarians, 6.9% Gagauz, 4.7% Ukrainians, 2.8% Jews, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the county population consisted of 87.9% Eastern Orthodox, 7.6% Old Rite Orthodox (Lipoveni), 2.9% Jewish, as well as other minorities.
===Urban population===
According to the Romanian census of 1930 the urban population of Ismail County was 75,860, of which 44.7% were ethnic Russians, 24.6% Romanians, 12.4% Bulgarians, 8.1% Jews, 5.0% Ukrainians, 0.7% Greeks, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 80.7% Eastern Orthodox, 9.3% Old Rite Orthodox (Lipoveni), 8.2% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities.
==History==
At the end of the [Crimean War](/source/Crimean_War), by the [Treaty of Paris (1856)](/source/Treaty_of_Paris_(1856)), [Southern Bessarabia](/source/Southern_Bessarabia) was returned by the Russian Empire to [Moldavia](/source/Moldavia). Southern Bessarabia was administratively organized into 2 counties: [Cahul](/source/Cahul_County) and Ismail, and it was part of Moldavia and, after 1859, part of the [United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia](/source/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia) (called Romania after 1866). The Ismail county was split in the 1864 administrative reform, with most of its territory organised into a new [Bolgrad](/source/Bolgrad) county. The rump county remained part of Romania until 1878, when by the [Treaty of Berlin (1878)](/source/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)) all three counties were ceded back to the Russian Empire in exchange for [Northern Dobruja](/source/Northern_Dobruja).
After the [Union of Bessarabia with Romania](/source/Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania) in 1918, Ismail County returned to Romania, being formally re-established in 1925.
After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of [Brăila](/source/Br%C4%83ila_County), [Cahul](/source/Cahul_County_(Romania)), [Covurlui](/source/Covurlui_County), [Fălciu](/source/F%C4%83lciu_County), [Putna](/source/Putna_County), [Râmnicu Sărat](/source/R%C3%A2mnicu_S%C4%83rat_County), [Tecuci](/source/Tecuci_County), [Tulcea](/source/Tulcea_County), and [Tutova](/source/Tutova_County) to form [Ținutul Dunării](/source/%C8%9Ainutul_Dun%C4%83rii).
The county (and the whole of Bessarabia) was [occupied by the Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina) in 1940 and became part of the [Moldavian SSR](/source/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) and the [Ukrainian SSR](/source/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic). The area returned to Romanian administration as the [Bessarabia Governorate](/source/Bessarabia_Governorate_(Romania)) following the [Axis invasion of the Soviet Union](/source/Operation_Barbarossa) in July 1941. A military administration was established and the region's Jewish population was either executed on the spot or deported to Transnistria, where further numbers were killed.[{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CquTz6ps5YgC&pg=PA484 |author1=James Stuart Olson |author2=Lee Brigance Pappas |author3=Nicholas Charles Pappas | title = An Ethnohistorical dictionary of the Russian and Soviet empires | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | year = 1994 | isbn = 9780313274978 | page = 484}}] As the Soviet Union's [offensive](/source/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive) pushed the Axis powers back, the area again was under Soviet control. On September 12, 1944, Romania signed the Moscow Armistice with the [Allies](/source/Allies_of_World_War_II). The Armistice, as well as the subsequent [Paris Peace Treaty of 1947](/source/Paris_Peace_Treaties%2C_1947), confirmed the Soviet-Romanian border as it was on January 1, 1941.[{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/rumania.asp|title=The Avalon Project: The Armistice Agreement with Rumania; September 12, 1944|website=avalon.law.yale.edu|access-date=17 March 2018}}][[United States Department of State](/source/United_States_Department_of_State). Foreign relations of the United States, 1946. [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1946v04.p0076&id=FRUS.FRUS1946v04&isize=M Paris Peace Conference: documents Volume IV (1946)]] The areas of the county, along with the rest of the Moldavian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR, became part of the independent countries of [Moldova](/source/Moldova) and [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine), respectively.
==Gallery==
File:Romania administrative divisions, 1864.svg|Ismail County as part of the Principality of Romania (1864–1878)
File:Județul Ismail (interbelic).jpg|Map of Ismail County as constituted in 1925
File:1938 map of interwar county Ismail.jpg|Map of Ismail County as of 1938
File:Ethnic map of Ismail County 1930.png|Ethnic map of Ismail County per the 1930 census
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Interwar Ismail County}}
* {{in lang|ro}} [http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/ismail/index.html Ismail County on memoria.ro]
{{coord missing|Romania}}
{{Historical counties of Romania}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ismail County}}
Category:Ismail County
Category:Former counties of Romania
Category:Counties of Bessarabia
Category:1925 establishments in Romania
Category:1938 disestablishments in Romania
Category:1941 establishments in Romania
Category:1944 disestablishments in Romania
Category:States and territories established in 1925
Category:States and territories disestablished in 1938
Category:States and territories established in 1941
Category:States and territories disestablished in 1944
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ismail County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_County) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_County?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.