# Isaiah 19 > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Isaiah_19 > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Isaiah_19.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_19 > Source revision: 1334567979 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) **Isaiah 19** is the nineteenth [chapter](/source/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible) of the [Book of Isaiah](/source/Book_of_Isaiah) in the [Hebrew Bible](/source/Hebrew_Bible) or the [Old Testament](/source/Old_Testament) of the [Christian](/source/Christianity) [Bible](/source/Bible). This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet [Isaiah](/source/Isaiah), and is one of the [Books of the Prophets](/source/Nevi'im). This chapter focuses on [Egypt](/source/Ancient_Egypt). ## Text The original text was written in [Hebrew](/source/Biblical_Hebrew). [This chapter is divided into](/source/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible) 25 verses. ### Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [Hebrew](/source/Biblical_Hebrew) are of the [Masoretic Text](/source/Masoretic_Text) tradition, which includes the [Codex Cairensis](/source/Codex_Cairensis) (895), [the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets](/source/Codex_Babylonicus_Petropolitanus) (916), [Aleppo Codex](/source/Aleppo_Codex) (10th century), [Codex Leningradensis](/source/Leningrad_Codex) (1008).[1] Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the [Dead Sea Scrolls](/source/Dead_Sea_Scrolls) (3rd century BC or later):[2] - [1QIsaa](/source/Isaiah_Scroll): complete - 1QIsab: extant: verses 1, 7‑17, 20‑25 - 4QIsaa (4Q55): extant: verses 9‑14 - 4QIsab (4Q56): complete There is also a translation into [Koine Greek](/source/Koine_Greek) known as the [Septuagint](/source/Septuagint), made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [Septuagint](/source/Septuagint) version include [Codex Vaticanus](/source/Codex_Vaticanus) (**B**; \mathfrak{G}B; 4th century), [Codex Sinaiticus](/source/Codex_Sinaiticus) (**S**; [BHK](/source/Biblia_Hebraica_(Kittel)): \mathfrak{G}S; 4th century), [Codex Alexandrinus](/source/Codex_Alexandrinus) (**A**; \mathfrak{G}A; 5th century) and [Codex Marchalianus](/source/Codex_Marchalianus) (**Q**; \mathfrak{G}Q; 6th century).[3] ## Parashot The *[parashah](/source/Parashah)* sections listed here are based on the [Aleppo Codex](/source/Aleppo_Codex).[4] Isaiah 19 is a part of the *Prophecies about the Nations ([Isaiah 13](/source/Isaiah_13)[–23](/source/Isaiah_23))*. {P}: open *parashah*; {S}: closed *parashah*. - {S} 19:1-17 {S} 19:18 {S} 19:19-22 {S} 19:23 {S} 19:24-25 {S} ## Structure German theologian [Franz Delitzsch](/source/Franz_Delitzsch) regards as a connecting link between two contrasting pictures of Egypt's future: the prospect of judgment in and the remoter prospect of conversion and prosperity in .[5] ## Proclamation Against Egypt ### Verse 1 - *The burden against Egypt.* - *Behold, the Lord rides on a swift cloud,* - *And will come into Egypt;* - *The idols of Egypt will totter at His presence,* - *And the heart of Egypt will melt in its midst.*[6] - "Burden" (Hebrew: מַשָּׂ֖א ): "oracle, prophecy";[7] the keyword in the superscriptions for a total of nine similar oracles; the others being: [Isaiah 13:1](/source/Isaiah_13:1); [15:1](/source/Isaiah_15:1); [17:1](/source/Isaiah_17:1); [21:1](/source/Isaiah_21:1), [11](/source/Isaiah_21:11), [13](/source/Isaiah_21:13); [22:1](/source/Isaiah_22:1); [23:1](/source/Isaiah_23:1).[8] - "Totter": "shake"[9] ## Verse 13 - *The princes of Zoan have become fools;* - *The princes of Noph are deceived;* - *They have also deluded Egypt,* - *Those who are the mainstay of its tribes.*[10] - "Princes": here refer to a group of expert counselors of the Egyptian Pharaoh; despite their renowned wisdom they are mock as incapable.[11] - [Noph](/source/Noph) (or *Moph*) was the Hebrew name for the ancient city of [Memphis](/source/Memphis,_Egypt).[12] ## Verse 15 - *Neither shall there be any work for Egypt,* - *which the head or tail, branch or rush, may do*.[13] - "the head or tail": see . [Isaiah 9:15](/source/Isaiah_9:15) gives the following interpretation of the terms: - - *"The elder and honorable, he is the head;* - *The prophet who teaches lies, he is the tail."*[14] ## Verse 18 - *In that day five cities in the land of Egypt will speak the language of [Canaan](/source/Canaan) and swear by the Lord of hosts: one will be called the City of Destruction*.[15] Some Hebrew manuscripts, the Arabic text, the Dead Sea Scrolls, [Targum](/source/Targum), and [Vulgate](/source/Vulgate) refer to the [Sun](/source/Sun), while the [Septuagint](/source/Septuagint) reads *Asedek* (literally Righteousness). The name "City of the Sun" is used in the [Revised Standard Version](/source/Revised_Standard_Version) and [New International Version](/source/New_International_Version). [John Wycliffe](/source/John_Wycliffe) used the Greek name *[Heliopolis](/source/Heliopolis_(ancient_Egypt))*.[16] ## See also - [Canaan](/source/Canaan) - [Egypt](/source/Egypt) - [Nile](/source/Nile) - [Noph](/source/Noph) (ancient [Memphis](/source/Memphis,_Egypt)) - [Pharaoh](/source/Pharaoh) - [Zoan](/source/Zoan) - Related [Bible](/source/Bible) parts: [Isaiah 9](/source/Isaiah_9), [Revelation 4](/source/Revelation_4), [Revelation 20](/source/Revelation_20) ## References 1. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37. 1. Ulrich 2010, pp. 365–367. 1. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74. 1. As reflected in the [Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English](http://mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0.htm). 1. [Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges](http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/isaiah/19.htm) on Isaiah 19, accessed 2 April 2018 1. [NKJV](/source/New_King_James_Version) 1. Note [a] on Isaiah 19:1 in NKJV 1. Childs 2001, p. 113. 1. Note [b] on Isaiah 19:1 in NKJV 1. [NKJV](/source/New_King_James_Version) 1. Coggins 2007, p. 452. 1. Note on Isaiah 19:13 in NKJV 1. : NKJV 1. : Wycliffe Bible ## Sources - Childs, Brevard S. (2001). *Isaiah*. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664221430. - Coggins, R. (2007). ["22. Isaiah"](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ). *The Oxford Bible Commentary*. first (paperback) ed. Barton, John & Muddiman, John (eds.). Oxford University Press. pp. 433–486. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019. - Ulrich, Eugene (ed.) (2010). [*The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants*](https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls). Brill. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017. - Würthwein, Ernst (1995). [*The Text of the Old Testament*](https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC). Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019. ## External links ### Jewish - [Isaiah 19 Hebrew with Parallel English](http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1019.htm) ### Christian - [Isaiah 19 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate](http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=27&c=19) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161220233732/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=27&c=19) 2016-12-20 at the Wayback Machine --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Isaiah 19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_19) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_19?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.