# Intergenerationality

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Intergenerationality
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Intergenerationality.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergenerationality
> Source revision: 1351969877
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Interaction between members of different generations

**Intergenerationality** is interaction between members of different generations.[1] Sociologists study many intergenerational issues, including equity, conflict, and mobility.

[Public health](/source/Public_health) researchers and toxicologists may study the intergenerational impact of [toxicants](/source/Toxicant)[2] of [radioactive fallout](/source/Radioactive_fallout) from generation to generation.

## Applicable concepts

- **[Intergenerational equity](/source/Intergenerational_equity)** is the concept or idea of fairness or justice in relationships between children, youth, adults, seniors, and/or future generations, particularly in terms of treatment and interactions.

- **Intergenerational conflict** is conflict between two or more generations, which often involves all inclusive prejudices against another generation, or may refer specifically to conflict situations arising between [teenagers](/source/Teenager) and adults.

- **Intergenerational [cycle of violence](/source/Cycle_of_violence)** is a pattern of violence or abuse that is passed from one generation to the next. Generally, an individual who witnesses domestic violence as a child is much more likely to be an abuser or a victim of domestic abuse in adulthood.

- **[Intergenerational mobility](/source/Intergenerational_mobility)** is a measure of the changes in social status which occurs from the parents' to the children's generation.

- **An [inter-generational contract](/source/Inter-generational_contract)** is a dependency between different generations based on the assumption that future generations, in honoring the contract, will provide a service to a generation that has previously provided the same service to an older generation.

- **[Intergenerational struggle](/source/Intergenerational_struggle)** is the economic conflict between successive generations of workers because of the public pension system where the first generation has better pension benefit and the last must pay more taxes, have a greater tax wedge and a lower pension benefit due to the public debt that the states make in order to pay the current public spending.

- **[Intergenerational policies](/source/Intergenerational_policy)** are public policies that incorporate an intergenerational approach to addressing an issue or have an impact across the generations.

- **[Intergenerational shared sites](/source/Intergenerational_shared_sites)** are programs in which children, youth and older adults participate in ongoing services and/or programming concurrently at the same site, and where participants interact during regularly scheduled planned intergenerational activities, as well as through informal encounters.

- **[Inter-generational ministry](/source/Inter-generational_ministry)** is a model of Christian ministry which emphasizes relationships between age groups and encourages mixed-age activities.

- **Intergenerational learning** is the mutual and collaborative exchange of knowledge, skills, and experiences between different age cohorts. It occurs in formal, informal, or non-formal settings. In the workplace, it fosters individual growth and well-being, enhances institutional performance, and supports generational renewal.[3]

- **Intergenerational relationships** are interactions between people of different age groups that influence creativity, knowledge exchange, problem-solving, and collective well-being. Inclusive and frequent contact fosters trust, reduces generational stereotypes, and promotes collaboration, whereas limited interaction can hinder the development of healthy, supportive, and mutually enriching connections across generations.[4]

## Conflict

An intergenerational conflict is either a conflict situation between teenagers and adults or a more abstract conflict between two generations, which often involves all inclusive[*[dubious](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement) – [discuss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Intergenerationality#Dubious)*] prejudices against another [generation](/source/Generation). This is a term describing one generation that, contrary to the will of another, will not help the other generation and also makes it difficult for the other generation to act.[1]

Intergenerational conflict also describes cultural, social, or economic discrepancies between generations, which may be caused by shifts in [values](/source/Value_(personal_and_cultural)) or [conflicts of interest](/source/Conflict_of_interest) between younger and older generations. An example are changes to an [inter-generational contract](/source/Inter-generational_contract) that may be necessary to reflect a change in [demographics](/source/Demographics). It is associated with the term "[generation gap](/source/Generation_gap)".

According to [social identity theory](/source/Social_identity_theory), people seek to classify themselves and others on the basis of perceived similarities and differences. Therefore, individuals may seek to classify themselves as belonging to a particular generation because they perceive oneness with traits popularly associated with other members of the group, and classify others into separate “out-groups” based on dissimilar characteristic. As individuals create in- and out-groups from generational identities, interactions between members can be impacted and conflict can occur.[5] This bias between generations occurs because of the human need to belong to a [social group](/source/Social_group) to provide a sense of social identity, pride, and self esteem, but may also create [stereotypes](/source/Stereotype) about those in different social groups, which may be generations.[6]

## Contract

This section is an excerpt from [Generational contract](/source/Generational_contract).[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generational_contract&action=edit)]

[Generational contract](/source/Generational_contract) (also inter-generational contract) is a concept used in the research of the relations between generations within a society. It refers to an agreement or consensus regarding the roles and mutual responsibilities of different age groups or generations. The contract governs the relationships between overlapping generations and works to produce benefits for all age groups, often serving to tackle intergenerational friction or conflict.[7] In the context of pension systems, it refers to a fictitious "solidarity contract" serving as the theoretical basis for a [pay-as-you-go](/source/PAYGO) (PAYGO) system, where the working population finances the livelihood of the retired population and children.[8]

The term does not define a [legal contract](/source/Legal_contract), as no enforceable agreement exists between generations. Instead, it is a figurative description of the allocation of consumption possibilities across the three phases of life: childhood, working age, and old age. The concept is often employed as a tool used to study relations between generations, although its specific terms and parties are frequently not clearly defined by researchers.[9]

## Cycle of violence

Intergenerational [cycles of violence](/source/Cycles_of_violence) occur when violence is passed from father or mother to son or daughter, parent to child, or sibling to sibling.[10] It often refers to violent behavior learned as a child and then repeated as an adult, therefore continuing on in a perceived cycle.[11] An example of this would be when a child witnesses domestic abuse, they may go on to repeat that same pattern of behavior in future relationships.

## Equity

Main article: [Intergenerational equity](/source/Intergenerational_equity)

Global warming—the progression from cooler historical temperatures (blue) to recent warmer temperatures (red)—is being experienced disproportionately by younger generations.[12]

Successive generations are predicted to experience progressively greater unprecedented lifetime exposure (ULE) events such as heat waves.[13] About 111 million children born in 2020 will live with unprecedented heatwave exposure in a world that warms by 3.5 °C, compared with 62 million with only 1.5 °C of warming.[13]

Intergenerational equity may be understood as equity in relation to equal rights under the law, such as security, political equity, voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, property rights, economic equity, access to education, health care, and social security. "This equity can be horizontal—equal opportunities for the same generation in different collectivities—for example, young people in different countries. This equity is also vertical—different treatment of different generations in order to compensate for differences in, for example, education and place of origin."[1]

Intergenerational equity, in the sociological and psychological context, is the concept or idea of [fairness](/source/Social_justice) or [justice](/source/Justice) in relationships between [children](/source/Children), [youth](/source/Youth), [adults](/source/Adults) and [seniors](/source/Old_age), particularly in terms of treatment and interactions. It has been studied in environmental and sociological settings.[14] In the context of institutional [investment management](/source/Investment_management), intergenerational equity is the principle that an [endowed institution](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endowed_institution&action=edit&redlink=1)'s spending rate must not exceed its [after-inflation rate](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=After-inflation_rate&action=edit&redlink=1) of [compound return](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compound_return&action=edit&redlink=1), so that investment gains are spent equally on current and future constituents of the endowed assets. This concept was originally set out in 1974 by [economist](/source/Economist) [James Tobin](/source/James_Tobin), who wrote that, "The trustees of endowed institutions are the guardians of the future against the claims of the present. Their task in managing the endowment is to preserve equity among generations."[15]

Conversations about intergenerational equity occur across several fields.[16] They include [transition economics](/source/Transition_economics),[17] [social policy](/source/Social_policy), and [government budget](/source/Government_budget)-making.[18] Intergenerational equity is also explored in [environmental](/source/Environmentalism) concerns,[19] including [sustainable development](/source/Sustainable_development),[20] [global warming](/source/Global_warming) and [climate change](/source/Climate_change).

Conversations about intergenerational equity are also relevant to [social justice](/source/Social_justice) arenas as well, where issues such as [health care](/source/Health_care)[21] are equal in importance to [youth rights](/source/Youth_rights) and [youth voice](/source/Youth_voice) are pressing and urgent. There is a strong interest within the legal community towards the application of intergenerational equity in law.[22]

## Intergenerational policies

Main article: [Intergenerational policy](/source/Intergenerational_policy)

An intergenerational policy is a public policy that incorporates an intergenerational approach to addressing an issue or has an impact across the generations. Approaching policy from an intergenerational perspective is based on an understanding of the [interdependence](/source/Interdependence) and reciprocity that characterizes the relationship between the generations. These basic needs include things such as income, health care, social services, educational policy, employment policy, and architectural and environmental policies.[1] Intergenerational policies include but are not limited to discourse and ways of resource distribution between generations. Such policies may be forced upon other generations through physical force or through symbolic violence by another generation, but can also be created through dialogue.[1]

Intergenerational policies can be targeted to increase age integration by facilitating interaction between people of different age groups by supporting physical proximity, developing common interests, or by other mechanisms. The purpose of integration is to eliminate social barriers and difficulties associated with age, including discrimination on the grounds of age. These policies contain specific programs and actions aimed at supporting simultaneous participation of children, youth, and older adults.[1]

An intergenerational approach to public policy recognizes that generations share basic needs including adequate income, access to quality health care and social services, educational and employment opportunities, and a safe place to live. Further, policies that are supportive of any age group must build on the common concerns of all generations.[23]

## Christianity

Main article: [Inter-generational ministry](/source/Inter-generational_ministry)

This section may contain information not important or relevant to the article's subject. Please help improve this section. (June 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

This article may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (October 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Intergenerational ministry is a model of [Christian ministry](/source/Religious_ministry_(Christian)) which emphasizes relationships between age groups and encourages mixed-age activities. Intergenerational ministry stands in contrast with other modes of ministry more traditionally seen in local churches, such as Sunday schools and youth ministries.

Children, and sometimes adults, are instructed by [teachers](/source/Teacher) who are, typically, adults. Classes are usually divided by age groups, as in secular schools. In [youth ministries](/source/Youth_ministry), teens or young adults (especially college age) gather in groups presided over by a "youth minister". These groups, which are often part of [parachurch](/source/Parachurch) organizations, focus on peer fellowship and instruction of their members.

Inter-generational ministry is one of a number of movements which have arisen in response over concerns that young adults very commonly cease participation in church, and often do not return. Proponents of the inter-generational ministry movement hold that the hierarchical and [didactic](/source/Didactic) roles found in traditional church ministries deprive teens and young adults of a sense of purpose and involvement, since their role in these ministries is passive and subordinate, and since they are often kept separate from adult activities.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Therefore, they propose that younger members should take active roles in the ministry of the local church, and that church activities should involve and encourage participation from members across a wide range of ages.

A second thread in the inter-generational ministry movement is that of family involvement. Concerns over [divorce](/source/Divorce), abuse and other family disruptions led to criticism of how traditional church activities typically segregate family members according to age, thus de-emphasizing family relationships. Inter-generational activities were seen as a means to involve families as units, thus reinforcing family bonds.

Intergenerationality in religion can be conceptualized as the transmission of religious practices, beliefs, or affiliations from parent to child. This approach identifies parents as possessing religious agency and places young people as passive recipients of religion and the behavioral characteristics associated with a particular kind of faith. Research also finds that children serve in a reciprocal approach, where the young person might influence the adult's religiosity and practices of worship and faith.[24]

Studies show that children attending [Sunday Schools](/source/Sunday_Schools) and youth programs are less likely to continue church involvement, compared to those who attended worship with parents, and are integrated into a community.[25] Those children who continue church involvement as adults often have a 'nominal faith'.[26]

## See also

- [Generational accounting](/source/Generational_accounting)

- [Transgenerational design](/source/Transgenerational_design)

- [Transgenerational trauma](/source/Transgenerational_trauma)

- [Intergenerational shared site](/source/Intergenerational_shared_site)

- [National memory](/source/National_memory)

- [Cultural memory](/source/Cultural_memory)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:0_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:0_1-5) Klimczuk, Andrzej, *Intergenerationality, Intergenerational Justice, Intergenerational Policies*, [in:] S. Thompson (ed.), *Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice*, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham 2015, pp. 419–423; Lüscher, Kurt, Hoff, Andreas, Klimczuk, Andrzej, Lamura, Giovanni, Renzi, Marta, Oliveira, Paulo d.S., Sánchez, Mariano, Viry, Gil, Widmer, Eric, Neményi, Ágnes, Veress, Enikő, Bjursell, Cecilia, Boström, Ann-Kristin, Rapolienė, Gražina, Mikulionienė, Sarmitė, Oğlak, Sema, Canatan, Ayşe, Vujović, Ana, Svetelšek, Ajda, Gavranović, Nedim, Ivashchenko, Olga, Shipovskaya, Valentina, Lin, Qing, Wang, Xiying, *[Generations, intergenerational relationships, generational policy. A multilingual compendium – Edition 2017](https://archive.org/details/Kompendium17sprachig10102017Edition2017GenerationsIntergenerationalRelationshipsGenerationalPolicy)*, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz 2017;

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Rothenberg, Sarah E. (July 2023). ["Invited Perspective: Linking the Intergenerational Impacts due to Mercury Exposure in Grassy Narrows First Nation, Canada"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355146). *Environmental Health Perspectives*. **131** (7). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2023EnvHP.131g1301R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023EnvHP.131g1301R). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1289/EHP12721](https://doi.org/10.1289%2FEHP12721). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0091-6765](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0091-6765). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [10355146](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355146). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [37466318](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37466318).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** García-Martín, S., Rodríguez-Gómez, D., Castro-Ceacero, D., Cañón-Rodrígguez, R. (2025). Intergenerational learning in the workplace. What about Academic Staff at Higher Education Institutions? *International Journal of Training and Development*. [https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.70005](https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.70005)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Rodriguez-Gomez, D., & Castro-Ceacero, D. (2025). Intergenerational relationships in higher education: promoting age-inclusive institutions, *Higher Education Research & Development*, 1–17. [https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2025.2527397](https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2025.2527397)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Urick, Michael J.; Hollensbe, Elaine C.; Masterson, Suzanne S.; Lyons, Sean T. (2017-04-01). ["Understanding and Managing Intergenerational Conflict: An Examination of Influences and Strategies"](https://academic.oup.com/workar/article/3/2/166/2623784). *Work, Aging and Retirement*. **3** (2): 166–185. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/workar/waw009](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fworkar%2Fwaw009). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2054-4642](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2054-4642).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Social Identity Theory | Simply Psychology"](https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-identity-theory.html). *www.simplypsychology.org*. Retrieved 2020-11-06.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZechnerSihto2024710_7-0)** [Zechner & Sihto 2024](#CITEREFZechnerSihto2024), p. 710.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchreiber19557_8-0)** [Schreiber 1955](#CITEREFSchreiber1955), p. 7.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZechnerSihto2024711_9-0)** [Zechner & Sihto 2024](#CITEREFZechnerSihto2024), p. 711.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [Intergenerational Cycle Of Abuse](http://www.abusivelove.com/abuse_types_1_11.htm) AbusiveLove.com. Retrieved November 21, 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Fagan, A. A. (2005). The Relationship Between Adolescent Physical Abuse and Criminal Offending: Support for an Enduring and Generalized Cycle of Violence. *Journal of Family Violence.* 20(5):279–290.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-GW_generations_12-0)** ["Warming Across Generations"](https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/warming-across-generations). Climate Central. 22 March 2023. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240613055205/https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/warming-across-generations) from the original on 13 June 2024. - Data source for [global average surface temperature](/source/Global_surface_temperature): ["Global temperature / Global mean temperature"](https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html). Met Office (Meteorological Office, UK ). 2024. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240117053030/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html) from the original on 17 January 2024. (scroll down to Berkeley Earth under Global Mean Temperature) - [Warming stripes](/source/Warming_stripes) concept by [climatologist Ed Hawkins](/source/Ed_Hawkins_(climatologist))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nature_20250507_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nature_20250507_13-1) Grant, Luke; Vanderkelen, Inne; Gudmundsson, Lukas; Fischer, Erich; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Thiery, Wim (7 May 2025). ["Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058528). *Nature*. **641** (8062): 374–379. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2025Natur.641..374G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025Natur.641..374G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41586-025-08907-1](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-025-08907-1). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [12058528](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058528). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [40335711](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40335711).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Foot, D. & Venne, R. (2005) "Awakening to the Intergenerational Equity Debate in Canada." *Journal of Canadian Studies.*

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Tobin, James. (1974) "[What is Permanent Endowment Income?](http://ideas.repec.org/a/aea/aecrev/v64y1974i2p427-32.html)"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** (n.d.) [EPE Values: Intergenerational Ethics](http://www.globalepe.org/values_ie.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20100703044608/http://globalepe.org/values_ie.html) 2010-07-03 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Earth and Peace Education Associates International website.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** (2005) ["Economics of Intergenerational Equity in Transition Economies"](http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/pie/Japanese/seminar/A6-workshop0503/index.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111002211721/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/pie/Japanese/seminar/A6-workshop0503/index.html) 2011-10-02 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) 10–11 March 2005.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Thompson, J. (2003) [Research Paper no. 7 2002–03 Intergenerational Equity: Issues of Principle in the Allocation of Social Resources Between this Generation and the Next](http://www.aph.gov.au/Library/pubs/rp/2002-03/03RP07.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110605041903/http://www.aph.gov.au/Library/pubs/rp/2002-03/03RP07.htm) 2011-06-05 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine). Social Policy Group for the Parliament of Australia.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** [Gosseries, A. (2008) “Theories of intergenerational justice: a synopsis”. *S.A.P.I.EN.S.* **1** (1)](http://sapiens.revues.org/index165.html)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** (2005) [Understanding Sustainable Development](http://www.fathom.com/course/21701763/session3.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171013/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701763/session3.html) 2012-05-24 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Cambridge University Press.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Williams, A. (1997) "Intergenerational equity: An exploration of the 'fair innings' argument." *Health Economics. 6*(2):117-32.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** O'Brein, M. (n.d.) *Not, 'Is it Irreparable?' But, 'Is it Unnecessary?' Thoughts on a Practical Limit for Intergenerational Equity Suits.* Eugene, OR: Constitutional Law Foundation.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Generations United. (2010) "[Guiding Principles](http://ipath.gu.org/Guidi8151317.asp) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080820212021/http://ipath.gu.org/Guidi8151317.asp) 2008-08-20 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Hopkins, Peter (2011). ["Mapping Intergenerationalities: the Formation of Youthful Religiosities"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-5661.2010.00419.x). *Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers*. **36** (2): 314–327. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011TrIBG..36..314H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011TrIBG..36..314H). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00419.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-5661.2010.00419.x). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [23020820](https://www.jstor.org/stable/23020820).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** DeVries, Mark (Apr 6, 2004). [*Family-Based Youth Ministry*](https://books.google.com/books?id=JTVGvIitibAC&q=research&pg=PA25) (2nd ed.). Downers Grove, Illinois: Inter Varsity Press, InterVarsity Christian FellowshipUSA. p. 25. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8308-3243-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8308-3243-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** George Barna *Transforming children into Spiritual Champions*, 2003

v t e Generations In the Western world Lost Generation Greatest Generation Silent Generation Baby boomers Generation X Millennials Generation Z Generation Alpha Generation Beta (proposed name) Cuspers Interbellum Generation Generation Jones Xennials Zillennials Zalphas Related Boomerang Generation Coronials Me generation MTV Generation Country-specific China Post-70s Post-80s Post-90s Czechoslovakia Husák's Children Iran Burnt Generation Japan Shinjinrui Satori generation Poland Generation of Columbuses Romania Decreței Singapore Pioneer Generation Merdeka Generation South Korea 386 Generation Sampo generation N-po generation Taiwan Strawberry generation United States Millennials Generation Z Vietnam 9X Generation Types Future generations Immigrant generations Revolutionary generation Concepts Child tax credit Filial responsibility laws Generation gap Generational accounting Generational contract Generationism Gerontocracy Intergenerationality Equity Overlapping generations model Policy Shared site Struggle Parent–offspring conflict Parental dividend Parental investment Cost of raising a child Old-age-security hypothesis Sandwich generation Strauss–Howe generational theory Tax on childlessness Theory of generations Transgenerational design Voluntary childlessness Related Beat Generation Digital divide Digital native OK boomer The Greatest Generation

Authority control databases National United States Czech Republic Israel Other Yale LUX

## Sources

- Zechner, Minna; Sihto, Tiina (2024). ["The concept of generational contract: A systematic literature review"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fijsw.12636). *International Journal of Social Welfare*. **33** (3): 710–723. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/ijsw.12636](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fijsw.12636).

- Schreiber, Wilfrid (1955). *Existenzsicherheit in der industriellen Gesellschaft* [*Existential Security in Industrial Society*] (in German). Vol. 3. Schriftenreihe des Bundes katholischer Unternehmer.

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Intergenerationality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergenerationality) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergenerationality?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.