# Interactive television > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Interactive_television > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Interactive_television.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_television > Source revision: 1290931016 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Form of broadcast media}} {{Distinguish|interactive television (narrative technique)}} thumb|300px|right|Digital TV set-top box '''Interactive television''' is a form of [media convergence](/source/Technological_convergence), adding data services to traditional [television technology](/source/television_technology). It has included on-demand delivery of content, online shopping, and viewer polls. Interactive TV is an example of how new information technology can be [integrated vertically](/source/Vertical_integration) into established technologies and commercial structures.{{cite journal|last=Kim|first=Pyungho|title=A Story Of Failed Technology: Deconstructing Interactive TV Networks|journal=Javnost-The Public|year=1999|volume=6|issue=3|page=87|doi=10.1080/13183222.1999.11008720}} ==History== Prior to the development of interactive television, interaction could only be simulated. In the 1950s, there were limited efforts to provide an illusion of interactive experience, most overtly with ''[Winky Dink and You](/source/Winky_Dink_and_You)'', which encouraged viewers to draw on a vinyl sheet they would attach to a television set.{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/31/opinion/greene-winky-dink-bill-gates/index.html?hpt=hp_bn7|title=Winky Dink and ... Bill Gates? |author=Bob Greene |author-link=Bob Greene |agency=[CNN](/source/CNN)|date=March 31, 2013|accessdate=March 27, 2018}} [QUBE](/source/QUBE) operated an interactive [cable television](/source/cable_television) service in Ohio from 1977 to 1984.Rogers, Everett M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9uFT080FcRkC&dq=QUBE%20cable%20television%20system&pg=PA63 ''Communication Technology: The New Media in Society'']. New York: Free Press, 1986, p. 63. An interactive [video-on-demand](/source/video-on-demand) (VOD) television service was proposed in 1986 in Japan, where there were plans to develop an "Integrated Network System" service. It was intended to include various interactive services, including [videotelephony](/source/videotelephony), [home shopping](/source/home_shopping), [online banking](/source/online_banking), [remote work](/source/remote_work), and home entertainment services. However, it was not possible to practically implement such an interactive VOD service until the adoption of DCT and ADSL technologies made it possible in the 1990s. In early 1994, [British Telecommunications](/source/British_Telecommunications) (BT) began testing an interactive VOD television trial service in the United Kingdom. It used the DCT-based [MPEG-1](/source/MPEG-1) and [MPEG-2](/source/MPEG-2) video compression standards, along with ADSL technology.{{cite book |last1=Lea |first1=William |title=Video on demand: Research Paper 94/68 |publisher=[House of Commons Library](/source/House_of_Commons_Library) |date=9 May 1994 |url=https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/RP94-68 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920082623/https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/RP94-68 |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=dead }} [Sega Channel](/source/Sega_Channel), a service that allowed [Sega Genesis](/source/Sega_Genesis) owners to download video games on demand via [cable television](/source/cable_television) signals, began rolling out in the United States in 1994 and was discontinued in 1998. It has been described as a form of interactive television.{{cite news |last1=Rossen |first1=Jake |title=When '90s Gamers Tuned into the Sega Channel |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/sega-channel-history-facts |access-date=September 18, 2022 |work=Mental Floss |date=March 24, 2022}} The first [patent](/source/patent) of interactive connected TV was granted in 1999 in the United States; it expired in 2015.{{Cite web |url=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=US&NR=5905521A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=7&date=19990518&DB=EPODOC |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150904022930/http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=US&NR=5905521A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=7&date=19990518&DB=EPODOC |archive-date = 2015-09-04|title = Espacenet - Bibliographic data}} [ATSC 3.0](/source/ATSC_3.0), also known as "NextGen TV", adds interactivity features to [terrestrial television](/source/terrestrial_television). As of April 2022, broadcasters in 60 [media market](/source/media_market)s in the United States were using ATSC 3.0.{{cite news |last1=Schelle |first1=Anne |title=NextGen TV spurs a renaissance of interactive television—how broadcasters can gain from it |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2022/04/25/nextgen-tv-spurs-a-renaissance-of-interactive-television/ |access-date=September 18, 2022 |work=NewscastStudio |date=April 25, 2022}} ==Forms of interaction== Interactive TV includes programs that directly incorporate polls, questions, comments, and other forms of audience response back into the show. For example, Australian media producer [Yahoo!7](/source/Yahoo!7)'s Fango mobile app allows viewers to provide material that producers can insert into live programming. During the [2012 Australian Open](/source/2012_Australian_Open), viewers used the app to suggest questions for commentator [Jim Courier](/source/Jim_Courier) to ask players in post-match interviews.{{cite web |author=Kennedy, Jessica |title=Social TV on the rise |date=10 February 2012 |url=http://www.bandt.com.au/news/social-tv-on-the-rise |publisher=B&T Online |access-date=16 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121230223426/http://www.bandt.com.au/news/social-tv-on-the-rise |archive-date=30 December 2012}} "One-screen" formats involve interaction on the TV screen, using the remote control. Remote-control user interfaces are known in [human-computer interaction](/source/human-computer_interaction) research as "lean back" interaction,{{cite book|last=Dewdney|first=Andrew|title=The Digital Media Handbook|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780203645789|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newmediahandbook0000dewd/page/289 289]|url=https://archive.org/details/newmediahandbook0000dewd/page/289}} and as a [10-foot user interface](/source/10-foot_user_interface).{{cite web|url=https://www.springer.com/computer/user+interfaces/book/978-1-84882-274-0 |title=User-Centered Interaction Design Patterns for Interactive Digital Television Applications|last=Kunert|first=Tibor|publisher=Springer|access-date=2009-07-06}} [Second screen](/source/Second_screen) interactive TV, also called [Enhanced TV](/source/Enhanced_TV) by [ABC](/source/American_Broadcasting_Company) and [ESPN](/source/ESPN), uses a personal computer or mobile application.{{cite web|url=http://www.madisonavenuejournal.com/2007/07/05/prediction_nanogaming_will/index.php|title=Prediction: NanoGaming Will Replace Nielsen|website=Madisonavenuejournal.com|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-date=23 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223160740/http://www.madisonavenuejournal.com/2007/07/05/prediction_nanogaming_will/index.php|url-status=dead}} Chat Television, developed in 1996, was the first example of a second screen interactive TV format. The system synchronized online services with television broadcasts, grouping users by time zone and program, so that all real-time viewers could participate in a chat or interactive gathering during the show's airing.{{cite web|title= Computer network chat room based on channel broadcast in real time|url= https://patents.google.com/patent/US5828839|date= Oct 27, 1998|website=Google.com|access-date= 2016-01-16|first= Craig T.|last= Moncreiff}} Interactive TV features in [smart TV](/source/smart_TV)s have drawn criticism because they allow TV manufacturers to collect and transmit data about customer behavior for the purposes of [targeted advertising](/source/targeted_advertising).{{cite news |last1=Lobato |first1=Ramon |last2=Scarlata |first2=Alexa |title=Smart TVs are watching what you watch and selling your data to advertisers |url=https://www.choice.com.au/consumers-and-data/data-collection-and-use/who-has-your-data/articles/smart-tvs-are-watching-what-you-watch |access-date=September 18, 2022 |work=Choice |date=September 5, 2022 |language=en-au}} ==See also== *[BBC Red Button](/source/BBC_Red_Button) *[CE-HTML](/source/CE-HTML) *[Datacasting](/source/Datacasting) *[DVB-H](/source/DVB-H) *[Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV](/source/Hybrid_Broadcast_Broadband_TV) *[Integrated digital television](/source/Integrated_digital_television) *[IP over DVB](/source/IP_over_DVB) *[MHEG-5](/source/MHEG-5) (Multimedia Hypermedia Experts Group - Part 5) *[Multimedia Home Platform](/source/Multimedia_Home_Platform) (MHP) *Personalised television *[Project Canvas](/source/Project_Canvas) *[Social television](/source/Social_television) *[Sonifi Solutions](/source/Sonifi_Solutions) (formerly LodgeNet) *[Teletext](/source/Teletext) *[WTVML](/source/WTVML) ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} Category:Interactive television Category:Television technology --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Interactive television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_television) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_television?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.