# Integrated Authority File > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Integrated_Authority_File > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Integrated_Authority_File.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File > Source revision: 1252393737 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) German database of authority data Gemeinsame Normdatei GND: Screenshot of the German National Library. Acronym GND Organisation DNB Introduced 5 April 2012 (2012-04-05) Example 7749153-1 Website d-nb.info/gnd The ***Gemeinsame Normdatei*** (translated as *Integrated Authority File*) or **GND** is an international [authority file](/source/Authority_file) for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from [catalogues](/source/Library_catalog). It is used mainly for [documentation](/source/Documentation) in [libraries](/source/Library) and increasingly also by [archives](/source/Archive) and [museums](/source/Museum). The GND is managed by the [German National Library](/source/German_National_Library) (German: *Deutsche Nationalbibliothek*; DNB) in cooperation with various regional library networks in [German-speaking Europe](/source/German-speaking_Europe) and other partners. The GND falls under the [Creative Commons Zero](/source/CC0) (CC0) licence.[1] The GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in [library classification](/source/Library_classification), and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an [ontology](/source/Ontology_(computer_science)) intended for [knowledge representation](/source/Knowledge_representation) in the [semantic web](/source/Semantic_web), available in the [RDF](/source/Resource_Description_Framework) format.[2] The GND became operational in April 2012 and integrates the content of the following authority files, which have since been discontinued: - *[Personennamendatei](/source/Personennamendatei)* (PND) (Translation: Name Authority File) - *[Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei](/source/Gemeinsame_K%C3%B6rperschaftsdatei)* (GKD) (Translation: Corporate Bodies Authority File) - *[Schlagwortnormdatei](/source/Schlagwortnormdatei)* (SWD) (Translation: Subject Headings Authority File) - *Einheitssachtitel-Datei des Deutschen Musikarchivs* (DMA-EST) (Translation: Uniform Title File of the German Music Archive) It is referred to by identifiers named *GND-ID*. At the time of its introduction on 5 April 2012, the GND held 9,493,860 files, including 2,650,000 personalised names.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] In July 2020 non-individualized files were deleted. In 2022, the GND held 9,370,736 files, including 5,937,788 personalised names.[3] The GND participates in the [Virtual International Authority File](/source/Virtual_International_Authority_File) (VIAF) project. ## Types of GND high-level entities There are six main types of GND entities:[4] Typ German (official) English (translation) p Person person k Körperschaft corporate body v Veranstaltung event w Werk work s Sachbegriff topical term g Geografikum geographical place name ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [gnd.network](https://gnd.network/) Integrated Authority File (GND) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [GND Ontology – Namespace Document](http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/gnd) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130103070757/http://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/gnd) 2013-01-03 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), version 2012-06-30. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Statistik 2022"](https://jahresbericht.dnb.de/Webs/jahresbericht/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2022statistikenGesamt.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2) (PDF). Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. p. 8. Retrieved 2024-02-25. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [„Entitätencodierung – Vergaberichtlinien“](https://wiki.dnb.de/download/attachments/90411323/entitaetenCodes.pdf) (pdf) ## External links [Wikidata](/source/Wikidata) has the property: - ***[GND ID (P227)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P227)*** (see [uses](https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP227%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P227%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000)) - [Information pages about the GND](http://www.dnb.de/EN/gnd) from the German National Library - [Search via OGND](http://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=4/TTL=1/LNG=EN/START_WELCOME?retrace=0) (*Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg*) - [Bereitstellung des ersten GND-Grundbestandes](http://www.dnb.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/DNB/service/rundschreibenBereitstellungGNDGrundbestand.pdf?__blob=publicationFile) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20121020014445/http://www.dnb.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/DNB/service/rundschreibenBereitstellungGNDGrundbestand.pdf?__blob=publicationFile) 2012-10-20 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) DNB, 19 April 2012 - [From Authority Control to Linked Authority Data](https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184551/http://connect.ala.org/files/ALA_MFIG_Heuvelmann.pdf) Presentation given by Reinhold Heuvelmann (German National Library) to the ALA MARC Formats Interest Group, June 2012 Authority control databases International VIAF GND People ISIL --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Integrated Authority File](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.