# Innuitian Mountains

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Mountain range in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, Canada

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Innuitian Mountains British Empire Range, in the north of Tanquary Fiord Highest point Peak Barbeau Peak Elevation 2,616 m (8,583 ft) Coordinates 81°54′30″N 75°01′30″W / 81.90833°N 75.02500°W / 81.90833; -75.02500 Geography Innuitian Mountains Country Canada Provinces Nunavut and Northwest Territories Parent range Arctic Cordillera Geology Orogeny Innuitian Rock age Mesozoic Rock types Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary

The **Innuitian Mountains** are a [mountain range](/source/Mountain_range) in [Nunavut](/source/Nunavut) and the [Northwest Territories](/source/Northwest_Territories), Canada.[1] They are part of the [Arctic Cordillera](/source/Arctic_Cordillera) and are largely unexplored, due to the hostile climate. They are named after the northern indigenous people, the [Inuit](/source/Inuit).[1] In some locations the Innuitian Mountains measure over 2,500 m (8,202 ft) in height, and 1,290 km (802 mi) in length.[2] The highest point is [Barbeau Peak](/source/Barbeau_Peak) on [Ellesmere Island](/source/Ellesmere_Island) at 2,616 m (8,583 ft).[3] There are no [trees](/source/Tree) and minimal wildlife in the Innuitian Mountains due to the harsh cold climate as well as being located north of the Arctic [tree line](/source/Tree_line). This region is mostly barren with vast areas of [permafrost](/source/Permafrost). There are metallic [mineral resources](/source/Mineral_resource) including [iron](/source/Iron) and [zinc](/source/Zinc) and [fossil fuel](/source/Fossil_fuel) resources such as [coal](/source/Coal).[4]

The Innuitian Mountains consist of numerous smaller mountain ranges. Some of these are the [British Empire Range](/source/British_Empire_Range), the [Princess Margaret Range](/source/Princess_Margaret_Range) and the [United States Range](/source/United_States_Range), which is the world's second most northerly mountain range after the [Challenger Mountains](/source/Challenger_Mountains).

The Innuitian Mountains were first seen by European explorers in 1882 by the explorer [Adolphus Greely](/source/Adolphus_Greely) from [Lake Hazen](/source/Lake_Hazen).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## Geology

Innuitian Region (in red)

The Innuitian Mountains' present form was shaped during the [Innuitian orogeny](/source/Innuitian_orogeny) in the middle of the [Mesozoic](/source/Mesozoic) [Era](/source/Era) when the [North American Plate](/source/North_American_Plate) moved northward. The Innuitian Mountains contain [igneous](/source/Igneous_rock) and [metamorphic rocks](/source/Metamorphic_rock), but for the most part are composed of [sedimentary rock](/source/Sedimentary_rock). They are younger than the [Appalachians](/source/Appalachian_Mountains), so [erosion](/source/Erosion) has not yet rounded them significantly.

The Innuitian Mountains resemble the Appalachian Mountains in composition and contain similar types of [minerals](/source/Mineral). The mineral resources have not been greatly exploited, due to the cost of developing such a remote region while cheaper alternatives are available elsewhere. The amount of resources in the Arctic Region is estimated to have 13% of all the world's oil and 30% of the world's gas reserves.[5][6][7][8]

## See also

- [List of mountain ranges](/source/List_of_mountain_ranges)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_1-1) ["Innuitian Mountains"](https://www.britannica.com/place/Innuitian-Mountains). *Encyclopedia Britannica*. Retrieved August 18, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Innuitian Region"](https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/innuitian-region). *www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca*. Retrieved August 18, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Barbeau Peak"](https://www.britannica.com/place/Barbeau-Peak). *Encyclopedia Britannica*. Retrieved August 18, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Ellesmere Island"](https://www.britannica.com/place/Ellesmere-Island). *Encyclopedia Britannica*. Retrieved August 18, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Gautier, Donald (May 29, 2009). ["Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas in the Arctic"](https://nammco.no/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/o17wwg-gautier-et-al-2009-assessment-undiscovered-oil-arctic.pdf) (PDF). *Science*. **324** (5931): 1175–9. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009Sci...324.1175G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...324.1175G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1126/science.1169467](https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1169467). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [19478178](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19478178).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Arctic oil and natural gas resources - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"](https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=4650). *www.eia.gov*. Retrieved August 18, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Mouawad, Jad (July 24, 2008). ["Arctic may hold as much as a fifth of undiscovered oil and gas reserves"](https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/24/business/worldbusiness/24iht-arctic.4.14767779.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved August 18, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** LePan, Nicholas (December 20, 2019). ["Breaking the Ice: Mapping a Changing Arctic"](https://www.visualcapitalist.com/breaking-the-ice-mapping-changing-arctic/). *Visual Capitalist*. Retrieved August 18, 2020.

- Clark, Bruce W. and Wallace, John K. *Making Connections: Canada's Geography*, Pearson Education Canada; 1st Edition 1999 [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-7702-6633-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7702-6633-9)

v t e Arctic Cordillera of Canada Ranges Adam Baffin Blackwelder Blue Boulder British Empire Bruce Byan Martin Challenger Conger Cunningham Douro Everett Garfield Geodetic Grinnell Grogan Morgan Haddington Hartz Inglefield Innuitian Jeffries Joy Kaumajet Krag Krieger Osborn Precipitous Prince of Wales Princess Margaret Sawtooth Scoresby Selamiut Stokes Swiss Thorndike Torngat Treuter United States Victoria and Albert White Triplets Mountains Angilaaq Angna Arrowhead Arthur Asgard Ayles Baldr Barbeau Bastille Battle Beaufort Biederbick Bishop's Mitre Brave Breidablik Caubvick Cirque Commonwealth Eugene Highpointer Innuit Kisimngiuqtuq Midnight Sun Nukap Odin Outlook Oxford Qiajivik Stokes Thor Thule Torngarsoak Ukpik Whisler White Crown Passes Akshayuk Ayr Bryant Cockscomb Eskimo Eureka Fortress Glacier Kingnait Perfection Pioneer Piper Polar Bear Revoir Singeyer Strand Fiord Sverdrup Van Hauen Yelverton Glaciers Ad Astra Ice Cap Agassiz Ice Cap Barnes Ice Cap Benedict Coronation Devon Ice Cap Disraeli Eugenie Gull Jimi Maasi Kaparoqtalik Keyhole Kiitarayuk Macculloch Narsarsuk Nuuksuq Oliver Parrish Penny Ice Cap Sermilik Sven Hedin Turnabout Utinatuk West Pioneer Regions Amund Ringnes Axel Heiberg Baffin Bathurst Bylot Coburg Cornwall Devon Ellef Ringnes Ellesmere Helena Île Vanier Labrador Lougheed Quebec Communities Alert Clyde River Eureka Grise Fiord Iqaluit Pangnirtung Pond Inlet Qikiqtarjuaq List of communities in Nunavut Parks Auyuittuq Quttinirpaaq Sirmilik Torngat Mountains

v t e Mountain ranges of Nunavut Kitikmeot Region Shaler Qikiqtaaluk Region Adam Arctic Cordillera Baffin Belcher Blackwelder Blue Boulder British Empire Bruce Byam Martin Challenger Conger Cunningham Douro Everett Garfield Geodetic Grinnell Grogan Morgan Haddington Hartz Inglefield Innuitian Jeffries Joy Krag Krieger Osborn Precipitous Prince of Wales Princess Margaret Sawtooth Scoresby Stokes Swiss Thorndike Treuter United States Victoria and Albert White Triplets

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