# Infestation > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Infestation > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Infestation.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infestation > Source revision: 1349763418 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Invasion and occupation by pests and parasites in host For other uses, see [Infestation (disambiguation)](/source/Infestation_(disambiguation)). Medical condition Infestation Tick-infested cow Specialty Infectious disease **Infestation** is the state of being invaded or overrun by [pests](/source/Pest_(organism)) or [parasites](/source/Parasite).[1] It can also refer to the actual organisms living on or within a [host](/source/Host_(biology)).[2] ## Terminology In general, the term "infestation" refers to [parasitic diseases](/source/Parasitic_disease) caused by [animals](/source/Animal) such as [arthropods](/source/Arthropod) (i.e. [mites](/source/Mite), [ticks](/source/Tick), and [lice](/source/Louse)) and [worms](/source/Worm), but excluding (except) conditions caused by [protozoa](/source/Protozoan_infection), [fungi](/source/Fungi), [bacteria](/source/Bacterial_infection), and [viruses](/source/Virus),[3] which are called [infections](/source/Infection). ## External and internal Infestations can be classified as either external or internal with regard to the parasites' location in relation to the host. External or [ectoparasitic infestation](/source/Ectoparasitic_infestation) is a condition in which organisms live primarily on the surface of the host (though [porocephaliasis](/source/Porocephaliasis) can penetrate viscerally) and includes those involving [mites](/source/Mite), [ticks](/source/Tick_infestation), [head lice](/source/Head-louse_infestation) and [bed bugs](/source/Cimex).[4] An internal (or [endoparasitic](/source/Endoparasite)) infestation is a condition in which organisms live within the host and includes those involving worms (though [swimmer's itch](/source/Swimmer's_itch) stays near the surface). Sometimes, the term "infestation" is reserved for external ectoparasitic infestations[5] while the term *[infection](/source/Infection)* refers to internal endoparasitic conditions.[6] ## See also - [Disinfestation](/source/Pest_control) ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["infestation"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/four/000053484.htm) at *[Dorland's Medical Dictionary](/source/Dorland's_medical_reference_works)* 1. **[^](#cite_ref-urlInfestation_-_Definition_and_More_from_the_Free_Merriam-Webster_Dictionary_2-0)** ["Infestation - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/infestation). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-SchoolKomaroff2004_3-0)** Harvard Medical School; [Anthony L. Komaroff](/source/Anthony_L._Komaroff) (28 December 2004). [*Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide*](https://books.google.com/books?id=1QE1C5cyI4YC&pg=PT889). Simon & Schuster. pp. 889–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-684-86373-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-86373-3). Retrieved 24 April 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Bed Bug Information"](https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs). 2013-03-04. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Bedbugs"](https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/bedbugs-infestation). Skin Problems & Treatments Health Center. Retrieved 2013-11-20. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-ShapiroShapiro2005_6-0)** Leland S. Shapiro; Leland Shapiro (2005). *Pathology and parasitology for veterinary technicians*. Cengage Learning. pp. [111-](https://books.google.com/books?id=FB0KmsI_1jAC&pg=PA111). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4018-3745-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4018-3745-7). ## External links - [Introduction to Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation as a Fumigant Alternative](https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/SP765-A.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220618210215/https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/SP765-A.pdf) 2022-06-18 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) - [New technique predicts risk of plant disease and infestation](https://blog.frontiersin.org/2017/11/08/plant-disease-infestation-frontiers-in-applied-mathematics-and-statistics/) Classification D ICD-10: B65-B88.9 ICD-9-CM: 120-129, 132-134 SNOMED CT: 33042004 v t e Parasitic disease caused by helminthiases Flatworm/ platyhelminth infection Fluke/trematode (Trematode infection) Blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni / S. japonicum / S. mekongi / S. haematobium / S. intercalatum Schistosomiasis Trichobilharzia regenti Swimmer's itch Liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis Clonorchiasis Dicrocoelium dendriticum / D. hospes Dicrocoeliasis Fasciola hepatica / F. gigantica Fasciolosis Opisthorchis viverrini / O. felineus Opisthorchiasis Lung fluke Paragonimus westermani / P. kellicotti Paragonimiasis Intestinal fluke Echinostoma Echinostomiasis Fasciolopsis buski Fasciolopsiasis Gastrodiscoides hominis Amphistomiasis Heterophyes heterophyes Heterophyiasis Metagonimus yokogawai Metagonimiasis Cestoda (Tapeworm infection) Cyclophyllidea Echinococcus granulosus / E. multilocularis Echinococcosis Taenia saginata / T. asiatica / T. solium (pork) Taeniasis / Cysticercosis Hymenolepis nana / H. diminuta Hymenolepiasis Pseudophyllidea Diphyllobothrium latum Diphyllobothriasis Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Sparganosis Diphyllobothrium mansonoides Sparganosis Roundworm/ Nematode infection Secernentea Spiruria Camallanida Dracunculus medinensis Dracunculiasis Eradication Spirurida Filarioidea (Filariasis) Onchocerca volvulus Onchocerciasis Loa loa Loa loa filariasis Mansonella Mansonelliasis Dirofilaria repens D. immitis Dirofilariasis Wuchereria bancrofti / Brugia malayi / B. timori Lymphatic filariasis Thelazioidea Gnathostoma spinigerum / G. hispidum Gnathostomiasis Thelazia Thelaziasis Spiruroidea Gongylonema Strongylida (hookworm) Hookworm infection Ancylostoma duodenale / A. braziliense Ancylostomiasis / Cutaneous larva migrans Necator americanus Necatoriasis Angiostrongylus cantonensis Angiostrongyliasis Metastrongylus Metastrongylosis Oesophagostomum Oesophagostomiasis Trichostrongylus spp. Trichostrongyliasis Ascaridida Ascaris lumbricoides Ascariasis Anisakis Anisakiasis Toxocara canis / T. cati Visceral larva migrans / Toxocariasis Baylisascaris Dioctophyme renale Dioctophymosis Parascaris equorum Rhabditida Enterobius vermicularis Enterobiasis Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloidiasis Halicephalobus gingivalis Adenophorea Trichinella spiralis Trichinosis Trichuris trichiura (Trichuriasis / Whipworm) Capillaria philippinensis Intestinal capillariasis C. hepatica v t e Arthropods and ectoparasite-borne diseases and infestations Insecta Louse Body louse (pediculosis corporis) / Head louse (head lice infestation) Crab louse (phthiriasis) Hemiptera Bed bug (cimicosis) Fly Dermatobia hominis / Cordylobia anthropophaga / Cochliomyia hominivorax (myiasis) Mosquito (mosquito-borne disease) Flea Tunga penetrans (tungiasis) Crustacea Pentastomida Linguatula serrata (linguatulosis) Porocephalus crotali / Armillifer armillatus (porocephaliasis) For ticks and mites, see Template:Tick-borne diseases and infestations --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Infestation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infestation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infestation?action=history)). 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