# Inessive case > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Inessive_case > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Inessive_case.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inessive_case > Source revision: 1288754490 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Grammatical case This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Inessive case" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) In [grammar](/source/Grammar), the **inessive case** ([abbreviated](/source/List_of_glossing_abbreviations) **ine**; from [Latin](/source/Latin_language): *inesse* "to be in or at") is a [locative](/source/Locative_case) [grammatical case](/source/Grammatical_case). This case carries the basic meaning of "in": for example, "in the house" is *talo·ssa* in [Finnish](/source/Finnish_language), *maja·s* in [Estonian](/source/Estonian_language), куд·са (*kud·sa*) in [Moksha](/source/Moksha_language), *etxea·n* in [Basque](/source/Basque_language), *nam·e* in [Lithuanian](/source/Lithuanian_language), *sāt·ā* in [Latgalian](/source/Latgalian_language) and *ház·ban* in [Hungarian](/source/Hungarian_language). In Finnish the inessive case is typically formed by adding *[-ssa/-ssä](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ssa#Finnish)*. Estonian adds *-s* to the genitive stem. In Moksha -са (*-sa*) is added (in Erzya -со (*-so*)). In Hungarian, the [suffix](/source/Affix) *ban/ben* is most commonly used for inessive case, although many others, such as *on/en/ön* and others are also used, especially with [cities](/source/Cities). In the Finnish language, the inessive case is considered the first (in [Estonian](/source/Estonian_language) the second) of the six locative cases, which correspond to [locational](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/locational) [prepositions](/source/Preposition) in [English](/source/English_(language)). The remaining five cases are: Look up ***[inessive case](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inessive_case)*** in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. - [Elative case](/source/Elative_case) ("out of") - [Illative case](/source/Illative_case) ("into") - [Allative case](/source/Allative_case) ("onto") - [Adessive case](/source/Adessive_case) ("on") - [Ablative case](/source/Ablative_case) ("from") ## Finnish This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The [Finnish language](/source/Finnish_language) inessive uses the [suffix](/source/Suffix) *-ssa* or *-ssä* (depending on [vowel harmony](/source/Vowel_harmony)). It is usually added to [nouns](/source/Noun) and associated [adjectives](/source/Adjective). It is used in the following ways: - Expressing the static state of being in something. - - *asumme Suome**ssa*** = *we live in [Finland](/source/Finland)* - (with time expressions) stating how long something took to be accomplished or done - possible [English](/source/English_language) [translations](/source/Translation) include *in, within* - *kahde**ssa** vuode**ssa*** = *within 2 years, during 2 years* - when two things are closely connected - English translations can include *on* in phrases of this type - *N.N. puhelime**ssa*** = *N.N. on the phone* [*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] - *sormus on sorme**ssa**ni* = *the [ring](/source/Ring_(jewellery)) is on my [finger](/source/Finger)* - as an existensial clause with the [verb](/source/Verb) *olla* (to be), to express possession of objects - - *sanomalehde**ssä** on 68 sivua* = *the [newspaper](/source/Newspaper) has 68 pages* - with the verb *käydä*, *vierailla* - - *minä käyn baari**ssa*** = *I visit the bar* - There are both [singular](/source/Singular_(grammatical_number)) and [plural](/source/Plural) forms - - *Käyn baareissa* = *I visit the bars* ### Dialectal variants In a large part of the [southwestern](/source/Southwest_Finnish_dialects), [south Ostrobothnian](/source/South_Ostrobothnian_dialect), [southeastern](/source/South_Karelian_dialects) as well as in some [Tavastian dialects](/source/Tavastian_dialects), the suffix is simply *-s* (e.g. *maas*, *talos*), similarly to Estonian. This is an example of [apocope](/source/Apocope). When coupled with a [possessive suffix](/source/Possessive_affix), the result can be like in standard Finnish "*maassani, talossani*" or a shorter "*maasani, talosani*" depending on the dialect: the former is more common in Tavastian and southeastern dialects while the latter is more common in southwestern dialects. Most [central and northern Ostrobothnian dialects](/source/Central_and_Northern_Ostrobothnian_dialects) as well as some [southwestern](/source/Southwest_Finnish_dialects) and [Peräpohjola dialects](/source/Per%C3%A4pohjola_dialects) use a shorter suffix *-sa/-sä*, e.g. *maasa, talosa*.[1] ## Further reading - Karlsson, Fred (2018). *Finnish - A Comprehensive Grammar*. London and New York: Routledge. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-138-82104-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-82104-0). - Anhava, Jaakko (2015). ["Criteria For Case Forms in Finnish and Hungarian Grammars"](https://journal.fi/store/article/view/52392/16242). *journal.fi*. Helsinki: Finnish Scholarly Journals Online. v t e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative Adessive Allative Antessive Apudessive Approximative Delative Distributive -temporal Egressive Elative Illative Inelative Inessive Intrative Lative Limitative Locative -qualitative Medial Perlative Pertingent Postelative Postessive Prolative Subessive Sublative Superessive Superlative Temporal Terminative Possession, companion, instrument Abessive Caritive Comitative Dative Genitive Instrumental -comitative Ornative Possessed Possessive Privative Sociative State, manner Adverbial Comparative Equative Essive -formal -modal Exessive Instructive Modal Multiplicative Orientative Semblative Translative Cause, purpose Aversive Benefactive Causal -final Final Other Postpositional/Prepositional Vocative Declensions Classical Arabic Czech Archaic Dutch English Middle English Old English Finnish Georgian German Old High German Gothic Hindi Hungarian Irish Latin Latvian Lithuanian Russian Serbo-Croatian Slovak ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Inessiivin päätteet"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210512163104/http://sokl.uef.fi/aineistot/aidinkieli/murteet/inessiiv.html). *sokl.uef.fi* (in Finnish). Archived from [the original](http://sokl.uef.fi/aineistot/aidinkieli/murteet/inessiiv.html) on May 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2022. This grammar-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. - [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Grammar-stub) - [t](/source/Template_talk%3AGrammar-stub) - [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammar-stub) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Inessive case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inessive_case) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inessive_case?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.