# Incamys

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Extinct genus of rodents

Incamys Temporal range: Late Oligocene (Deseadan) ~28.0–24.0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Infraclass: Placentalia Order: Rodentia Family: Chinchillidae Genus: †Incamys Hoffstetter and Lavocat 1970 Type species †Incamys bolivianus Hoffstetter & Lavocat 1970 Species I. bolivianus Hoffstetter & Lavocat 1970 I. menniorum Vucetich et al. 2015 Synonyms I. pretiosus Lavocat 1976

***Incamys*** is an extinct [genus](/source/Genus) of [chinchillid](/source/Chinchillidae) [rodent](/source/Rodent) that lived during the [Late Oligocene](/source/Oligocene) ([Deseadan](/source/Deseadan)) in what is now [South America](/source/South_America). Fossils of this genus have been found in the [Salla Formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salla_Formation&action=edit&redlink=1) of [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia) and the [Agua de la Piedra](/source/Agua_de_la_Piedra_Formation)[1] and [Sarmiento Formations](/source/Sarmiento_Formation) of [Argentina](/source/Argentina).[2] Research on [endocasts](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/endocast) suggest they were group living using call communication like modern chinchillas.[3]

## Taxonomy

*Incamys* was first described by Hoffstetter and Lavocat, based on remains found in the Salla Formation of Bolivia, with the proposed type species being *Incamys bolivianus*, referring to the country it was found in. Later, in 1976, a new species was named, *I. pretiosus*,[4] which was subsequently found to be a junior synonym of the type species. In 2015, Vucetich and colleagues described a new species of *Incamys*, *I. menniorum*, from the Sarmiento Formation of [Chubut Province](/source/Chubut_Province), Argentina.[5]

The following cladogram of the [Caviomorpha](/source/Caviomorpha) is based on Busker *et al.* 2020, showing the position of *Incamys*.[6]

Baluchimyinae Bugtimys zafarullahi "Phiomorpha" Phiomys andrewsi Metaphiomys schaubi Octodontoidea Prospaniomys priscus Myocastor coypus Echimyidae Proechimys polioplus Eumysops laeviplicatus Kannabaetomys amblyonyx Echimys chrysurus Ctenomyidae Ctenomys australis Plataeomys brevis Pithanotomys columnaris Octomys mimax Octodontomys gliroides Chasichimys bonaerense Chasicomys octodontiforme Acarechimys leucotheae Acarechimys minutus Acaremyidae Acaremys murinus Galileomys antelucanus Galileomys baios Erethizontoidea Steiromys detentus Eosteiromys homogenidens Dasyproctidae Dasyprocta azarae Node A Eoviscaccia frassinettii Eoviscaccia boliviana Garridomys curunuquem Incamys bolivianus Asteromys bolivianus Asteromys punctus Cephalomyidae Cephalomys ceciae Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus Litodontomys chubutensis Cephalomys arcidens Scotamys antiquus Neoepiblemidae Perimys intermedius Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Lagidium viscacia Chinchilla chinchilla Node B Banderomys leanzai Soriamys ganganensis Soriamys gaimanensis Luantus propheticus Guiomys unica Microcavia australis Cavia aperea Galea musteloides Dolichotis patagonum

## Brain endocasts

Research on 30 million-year-old *Incamys bolivianus* virtual [endocasts](/source/Endocast) show they had expanded [temporal lobes](/source/Temporal_lobe) in the cerebrum and large caudal [colliculi](/source/Cerebellum) in the midbrain, arguing they had enhanced auditory acuity and vocalization. This is consistent with them living in social groups and using calls to communicate with each other, similar to modern chinchillas.[3]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Candelaetal2021_1-0)** Candela, Adriana M.; Pérez, M. Encarnación; Rasia, Luciano L.; Cerdeño, Esperanza (2021-03-04). "New late Oligocene caviomorph rodents from Mendoza Province, central-western Argentina". *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*. **41** (2) e1929264. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2021JVPal..41E9264C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JVPal..41E9264C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/02724634.2021.1929264](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2021.1929264). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[11336/153110](https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F153110). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0272-4634](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0272-4634).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-PattersonandWood1982_2-0)** Patterson, B.; Wood, Albert Elmer (1982). ["Rodents from the Deseadan Oligocene of Bolivia and the relationships of the caviomorpha"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/33810). *[Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology](/source/Bulletin_of_the_Museum_of_Comparative_Zoology)*. **149**: 371–543. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0027-4100](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-4100).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-o199_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-o199_3-1) Bertrand, Ornella C.; Lang, Madlen M.; Ferreira, José D.; Kerber, Leonardo; Kynigopoulou, Zoi; Silcox, Mary T. (2024). ["The virtual brain endocast of *Incamys bolivianus*: insight from the neurosensory system into the adaptive radiation of South American rodents"](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fspp2.1562). *Papers in Palaeontology*. **10** (3). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2024PPal...10E1562B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024PPal...10E1562B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/spp2.1562](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fspp2.1562). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2056-2799](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2056-2799).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lavocat1976_4-0)** Lavocat, René (1976). "Rongeurs Caviomorphes de l'Oligocène de Bolivie. 2 Rongeurs du Bassin Deseadien de Salla-Luribat". *[Palaeovertebrata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palaeovertebrata&action=edit&redlink=1)*. **7**: 15–90.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Vucetichetal2015_5-0)** Vucetich, M.G.; Dozo, M.T.; Arnal, M.; Pérez, M.E. (2015-02-17). "New rodents (Mammalia) from the late Oligocene of Cabeza Blanca (Chubut) and the first rodent radiation in Patagonia". *[Historical Biology](/source/Historical_Biology)*. **27** (2): 236–257. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015HBio...27..236V](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015HBio...27..236V). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/08912963.2014.883506](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08912963.2014.883506). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[11336/17958](https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F17958). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0891-2963](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0891-2963).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Buskeretal2020_6-0)** Busker, Felipe; Dozo, María Teresa; Soto, Ignacio María (2020-10-01). ["New remains of Cephalomys arcidens (Rodentia, Caviomorpha) and a redefinition of the enigmatic Cephalomyidae"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343807210). *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology*. **18** (19): 1589–1629. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2020JSPal..18.1589B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JSPal..18.1589B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/14772019.2020.1796833](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14772019.2020.1796833). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1477-2019](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1477-2019).

Taxon identifiers Incamys Wikidata: Q114351124 Paleobiology Database: 247412

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Incamys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incamys) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incamys?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.