# If....

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/If....
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/If.....md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If....
> Source revision: 1357101576
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

1968 British satirical surrealist psychological drama film by Lindsay Anderson

This article is about the 1968 drama film. For other uses, see [If (disambiguation)](/source/If_(disambiguation)).

This article is missing information about thematic analysis and interpretations of the film. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (August 2025)

If.... British cinema poster Directed by Lindsay Anderson Screenplay by David Sherwin Story by David Sherwin John Howlett Produced by Lindsay Anderson Michael Medwin Starring Malcolm McDowell Richard Warwick Christine Noonan David Wood Robert Swann Cinematography Miroslav Ondříček Edited by David Gladwell Music by Marc Wilkinson Production company Memorial Enterprises Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release dates 5 December 1968 (1968-12-05) (London Film Festival) 19 December 1968 (1968-12-19) (London) Running time 111 minutes Country United Kingdom Language English Budget $500,000[1] Box office $2.3 million (rentals)[2]

***If....*** (stylized as ***if....***) is a 1968 British [satirical](/source/Satire) [surrealist](/source/Surrealist_cinema) [psychological drama](/source/Psychological_drama) film produced and directed by [Lindsay Anderson](/source/Lindsay_Anderson), and starring [Malcolm McDowell](/source/Malcolm_McDowell) in his film debut as the character [Mick Travis](/source/Mick_Travis), who appeared in two further Anderson films. Other actors include [Richard Warwick](/source/Richard_Warwick), [Christine Noonan](/source/Christine_Noonan), [David Wood](/source/David_Wood_(actor)), and [Robert Swann](/source/Robert_Swann_(actor)).[3] A biting satire of [English public school](/source/Public_School_(United_Kingdom)) life, the film follows a group of pupils who stage a savage insurrection at a boys' boarding school. The film is notable for jumpstarting McDowell's and Anderson's careers as well as using black-and-white and colour switches throughout the film along with blending surreal dreamlike sequences and realistic elements. Director [Stephen Frears](/source/Stephen_Frears) worked as an [assistant director](/source/Assistant_director) to Anderson on this film.[4]

Upon release, *If....* received critical acclaim, with praise for its powerful and accurate depiction of the British public school system. It continues to be considered one of the greatest British films of the 20th century for its portrayal of youthful rebellion.

## Plot

The film is divided into 8 chapters, structured in a linear fashion.

The pupils return after the summer for a new [Michaelmas term](/source/Michaelmas_term) at a traditional British [public school](/source/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)) for boys in the late 1960s. [Mick Travis](/source/Mick_Travis) arrives hiding his moustache, which he quickly shaves off. He, Wallace, and Knightly are three non-conformist boys in the lower [sixth form](/source/Sixth_form), their penultimate year. They are watched and persecuted by the "Whips", upper sixth-formers given authority as [prefects](/source/School_prefect) over the other boys. The junior boys are made to [act as personal servants](/source/Fagging) for the Whips, who discuss them as [sex objects](/source/Sex_object).

The headmaster is remote from the boys and the housemasters. The protagonists' housemaster, Mr. Kemp, is easily manipulated by the Whips into giving them free rein in enforcing discipline. Some [schoolmasters](/source/Schoolmaster) are shown behaving bizarrely.

Mick and Johnny sneak off the school grounds and steal a motorbike from a showroom. They ride to a café staffed by an unnamed girl, about whom Mick fantasizes wrestling naked. Meanwhile, Wallace spends time with a younger boy, Bobby Philips, and later shares his bed.

The three boys drink vodka in their study and consider how one man holds the potential to "change the world with a bullet in the right place." Their clashes with school authorities become increasingly contentious. Eventually, a brutal [caning](/source/Caning) by the Whips spurs them to action.

During a school [Combined Cadet Force](/source/Combined_Cadet_Force) military drill, Mick acquires live ammunition, which he, Wallace, and Knightly use to open fire on a group of boys and masters, including Kemp and the school chaplain. When the latter orders the boys to drop their weapons, Mick assaults him and cows him into submission.

As punishment for their actions, the trio are ordered by the headmaster to clean out a large storeroom beneath the main school hall. They discover a cache of firearms, including [automatic weapons](/source/Automatic_firearm) and [mortars](/source/Mortar_(weapon)). Joined by Philips and the girl from the café, they commit to [revolt](/source/Rebellion) against the establishment.

On Founders' Day, when parents are visiting the school, the group starts a fire under the hall, smoking everyone out of the building. They then open fire on them from the rooftop. Led by a visiting [general](/source/General_(United_Kingdom)) who had been giving a speech, the staff, students, and parents break open the Combined Cadet Force armoury and begin firing back. The headmaster tries to stop the fight, imploring the group to listen to [reason](/source/Reason). The girl shoots him between the eyes. The battle continues, and the camera closes in on Mick's face as he keeps firing.

## Cast

- Crusaders - [Malcolm McDowell](/source/Malcolm_McDowell) as [Michael Arnold "Mick" Travis](/source/Mick_Travis) - [David Wood](/source/David_Wood_(actor)) as Johnny Knightly - [Richard Warwick](/source/Richard_Warwick) as “Wally” Wallace - [Christine Noonan](/source/Christine_Noonan) as The Girl - Rupert Webster as Bobby Philips

- Whips - [Robert Swann](/source/Robert_Swann_(actor)) as Rowntree - [Hugh Thomas](/source/Hugh_Thomas_(actor)) as Denson - Michael Cadman as Fortinbras - [Peter Sproule](/source/Peter_Sproule) as Barnes

- Staff - [Peter Jeffrey](/source/Peter_Jeffrey) as Headmaster - [Anthony Nicholls](/source/Anthony_Nicholls_(actor)) as General Denson - [Arthur Lowe](/source/Arthur_Lowe) as Mr. Kemp, Housemaster - [Mona Washbourne](/source/Mona_Washbourne) as Matron - [Mary MacLeod](/source/Mary_MacLeod_(actress)) as Mrs. Kemp, housemaster's wife - [Geoffrey Chater](/source/Geoffrey_Chater) as Chaplain - [Ben Aris](/source/Ben_Aris) as John Thomas, Undermaster - [Graham Crowden](/source/Graham_Crowden) as History master - [Charles Lloyd-Pack](/source/Charles_Lloyd-Pack) as Classics master

- Seniors - Guy Ross as Stephans - [Robin Askwith](/source/Robin_Askwith) as Keating - Richard Everett as Pussy Graves - Philip Bagenal as Peanuts - Nicholas Page as Cox - Robert Yetzes as Fisher - [David Griffin](/source/David_Griffin_(actor)) as Willens - Graham Sharman as Van Eyssen - Richard Tombleson as Baird

- Juniors - [Robin Davies](/source/Robin_Davies) as Machin (credited as Richard Davis) - [Brian Pettifer](/source/Brian_Pettifer) as Biles - Michael Newport as Brunning - [Charles Sturridge](/source/Charles_Sturridge) as Markland - [Sean Bury](/source/Sean_Bury) as Jute - Martin Beaumont as Hunter

- Additional cast - [John Garrie](/source/John_Garrie) as Music master (uncredited) - [Tommy Godfrey](/source/Tommy_Godfrey) as Finchley the school porter (uncredited) - [Chris Chittell](/source/Chris_Chittell) as Senior schoolboy (uncredited) - [Simon Ward](/source/Simon_Ward) as Junior schoolboy (uncredited) - Ellis Dale as Motorcycle salesman (uncredited)

## Influences

The film's [surrealist](/source/Surrealism) sequences have been compared to [Jean Vigo](/source/Jean_Vigo)'s French classic *[Zero for Conduct](/source/Zero_for_Conduct)* (1933). Anderson acknowledged an influence, and described how he arranged a viewing of that film with his screenwriters, Sherwin and Howlett, at an early stage in production planning, though in his view the Vigo film's influence on *If....* was structural rather than merely cosmetic. "Seeing Vigo's film gave us the idea and also the confidence to proceed with the kind of scene-structure that we devised for the first part of the film particularly."[5]

## Production

### Screenplay

[David Sherwin](/source/David_Sherwin)'s original title for the screenplay was *Crusaders*, during the writing of which he drew heavily from his experiences at [Tonbridge School](/source/Tonbridge_School) in Kent. In 1960, he and his friend and co-writer [John Howlett](/source/John_Howlett) took it to director [Seth Holt](/source/Seth_Holt). Holt felt unqualified to direct, but offered to produce the film. They also took it to Sherwin's hero, *[Rebel Without a Cause](/source/Rebel_Without_a_Cause)* director [Nicholas Ray](/source/Nicholas_Ray), who liked it but had a [nervous breakdown](/source/Mental_breakdown) before anything came of it. Holt introduced Sherwin to [Lindsay Anderson](/source/Lindsay_Anderson) in a [Soho](/source/Soho) pub.[6]

### Filming

The school used for the early filming on location was Anderson's *[alma mater](/source/Alma_mater)*, [Cheltenham College](/source/Cheltenham_College), Gloucestershire, but this was not made public at the time under the agreement needed to shoot there. The then headmaster, David Ashcroft, persuaded the school governors to agree that the film could be made. [Aldenham School](/source/Aldenham_School) in [Elstree](/source/Elstree), Hertfordshire, was used for later scenes filmed after previous summer commitments prevented further shooting at Cheltenham. The sweat room scenes were filmed in the School Room in School House at Aldenham School (though they were redesigned for the film). The dormitory scenes were also at Aldenham—specifically The Long Room for the junior boys, and the room with the wooden partitions called Lower Cubs (short for cubicles). The shower scene and toilets were in School House changing rooms.

The transport cafe was the (now demolished) Packhorse Cafe on the [A5/Watling Street](/source/A5_road_(Great_Britain)) in [Kensworth](/source/Kensworth), Dunstable, Bedfordshire, close to the Packhorse Pub. The painting in the dining hall is of Aldenham School's founder, Richard Platt. The Hall scene was an amalgamation of the school halls at Cheltenham and Aldenham. [Carew Manor](/source/Beddington#Carew_Manor), in [Beddington](/source/Beddington), Surrey, was used for the opening staircase scene and for several other scenes. It was filmed during the summer when the school had closed for holidays. Some scenes were shot at the former [Trinity School of John Whitgift](/source/Trinity_School_of_John_Whitgift) in central Croydon, before it was demolished to make way for the [Whitgift Centre](/source/Whitgift_Centre); pupil extras from the separate [Whitgift School](/source/Whitgift_School) were engaged at £5 per day.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Anderson originally approached [Charterhouse School](/source/Charterhouse_School) and later [Cranleigh School](/source/Cranleigh_School) for permission to shoot the film: negotiations were going well until the schools discovered the content of the film and pulled out. The outside shots of the school including the final showdown on the roof were filmed at Cheltenham College after term ended. The Speech Day interior was filmed inside St John's Church on Albion Street, [Cheltenham](/source/Cheltenham). The church was later demolished. The motorbike shop was filmed at the Broadway Motor Company on Gladstone Road, [Wimbledon](/source/Wimbledon%2C_London).[7]

The film makes use of [black-and-white](/source/Black-and-white) sequences. In the audio commentary to the 2007 DVD release, Malcolm McDowell confirmed that lighting the chapel scenes for colour filming would have taken much longer than for black and white.[8] The time they could use the school chapel was limited, so Anderson opted to not shoot those scenes in colour. Liking the effect this gave, he then decided to shoot other sequences in black and white to improve the 'texture' of the film. As a child, he was impressed watching a gangster film which started in black and white and then turned to colour.[9]

### Post-production

The black-and-white sequence featuring Mrs Kemp (Mary MacLeod) walking naked through the school was allowed by the then Secretary of the Board of the [British Board of Film Censors](/source/British_Board_of_Film_Censors), [John Trevelyan](/source/John_Trevelyan_(censor)), on the condition that shots of male genitalia from the shower scene were removed.[10]

Music featured in the film includes the 'Sanctus', from the [Missa Luba](/source/Missa_Luba), a rendering of the Roman Latin mass sung to an African beat by a Congolese choir.

## Release

The film closed the [London Film Festival](/source/London_Film_Festival) on 5 December 1968 before opening in London later that month.[11]

## Reception

### Critical reception

*[Time Out](/source/Time_Out_(magazine))* wrote: "A modern classic in which Anderson minutely captures both the particular ethos of a public school and the general flavour of any structured community, thus achieving a clear allegorical force without sacrificing a whit of his exploration of an essentially British institution. The impeccable logic of the conclusion is in no way diminished by having been lifted from [Vigo](/source/Jean_Vigo)'s *[Zéro de Conduite](/source/Zero_for_Conduct)* [1933], made thirty-five years earlier. *If...* was also a timely film – shooting began two months before the events of May 1968 in Paris. Along with *[The White Bus](/source/The_White_Bus)*, it put Anderson into a pretty high league."[12]

*[Variety](/source/Variety_(magazine))* wrote: "Timely and timeless, this is a punchy, poetic pic that delves into the epic theme of youthful revolt. ...The script has the expert blend of heightened reality and lyricism enforced by the brilliant direction and the playing of a cast of unknowns."[13]

*The [Radio Times](/source/Radio_Times) Guide to Films* gave the film 4/5 stars, writing: "With its surrealistic elements, it was something of a departure for *[This Sporting Life](/source/This_Sporting_Life)* [1963] director Lindsay Anderson, but he succeeds in both capturing the atmosphere and absurdities of public school life and investing the satire with plenty of venom. Malcolm McDowell gives a blistering performance in what is a key film in British cinema history."[14]

[Leslie Halliwell](/source/Leslie_Halliwell), dissenting from the general praise for the film, wrote that "Allegorical treatment of school life with much fashionable emphasis on obscure narrative, clever cutting, variety of pace, even an unaccountable changing from colour to monochrome and vice versa. Intelligence is clearly at work, but it seems to have suffered from undigested gobs of [Pinter](/source/Harold_Pinter), and the film as a whole makes no discernible point."[15]

On [Rotten Tomatoes](/source/Rotten_Tomatoes), the film holds a 90% approval rating based on 49 reviews, with an average score of 7.9/10. According to the site's critical consensus, "Incendiary, subversive, and darkly humorous, *If....* is a landmark of British countercultural cinema."[16]

### Accolades

*If....* won the [Palme d'Or](/source/Palme_d'Or#Grand_Prix_du_Festival_International_du_Film_(1964–1974)) at the [1969 Cannes Film Festival](/source/1969_Cannes_Film_Festival).[17] In 1999, the [British Film Institute](/source/British_Film_Institute) named it the [12th greatest British film of the 20th century](/source/BFI_Top_100_British_films); in 2004, the magazine *[Total Film](/source/Total_Film)* named it the 16th greatest British film of all time. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for *Time Out* magazine ranked it the 9th best British film ever.[18]

### McDowell's casting in *A Clockwork Orange*

McDowell's performance in *If....* caught the attention of [Stanley Kubrick](/source/Stanley_Kubrick), who subsequently cast him in his 1971 film adaptation of [Anthony Burgess](/source/Anthony_Burgess)'s *[A Clockwork Orange](/source/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film))*.[19] McDowell used his performance in *If....* in his inspiration for the *Clockwork Orange* protagonist, Alexander DeLarge. Having been given the script by Kubrick, McDowell was unsure how he should play the part of Alex, and so he contacted Lindsay Anderson, asking for advice. McDowell relates the story:[20]

Anyway, he said 'Malcolm, this is how you play the part: there is a scene of you, a close-up in *If....*, where you open the doors to the gymnasium, to be beaten. You get a close-up.' I said 'that's right.' He said 'do you remember...' I said 'yes. I smiled.' He said 'that's right. You gave them that smile. That sort of ironic smile,' he said 'and that's how you play Alex.' And I went 'my god, that's brilliant. That's brilliant.' That's all I needed and that was enough, and that is a brilliant piece of direction for an actor.

## Sequels

*If....* is the first film in the [Mick Travis Trilogy](/source/Mick_Travis_Trilogy), all starring Malcolm McDowell as everyman character Mick Travis, followed by *[O Lucky Man!](/source/O_Lucky_Man!)* (1973) and finally *[Britannia Hospital](/source/Britannia_Hospital)* (1982).

The two sequels do not follow the same continuity of the first film, and have little in common other than the main character of Mick Travis and several identically named characters in similar roles (on the commentary track for *O Lucky Man!*, Malcolm McDowell refers to it as a "so-called trilogy").[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

At the time of Anderson's death he had completed a final draft of a proper sequel to *If....*, but it was never made. The sequel takes place during a Founders' Day celebration at which many of the characters reunite. Mick Travis is now an Oscar-nominated movie star, eschewing England for Hollywood. Wallace is a military major who has lost his arm, Johnny is a clergyman, and Rowntree is the Minister of War. In the script, Rowntree is kidnapped by a group of anti-war students and saved by Mick and his gang, though not before Mick crucifies Rowntree with a large nail through his palm.[21]

## See also

- [BFI Top 100 British films](/source/BFI_Top_100_British_films)

- [List of cult films](/source/List_of_cult_films)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-walker_1-0)** Alexander Walker, *Hollywood, England*, Stein and Day, 1974 p402

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** "Big Rental Films of 1969", *[Variety](/source/Variety_(magazine))*, 7 January 1970 p 15

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BFIsearch_3-0)** ["If..."](https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150197427) *British Film Institute Collections Search*. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-frears_4-0)** O'Brien, Daniel. ["BFI Screenonline: Frears, Stephen (1941–) Biography"](http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/469201/index.html). *[Screenonline](/source/Screenonline)*. Retrieved 18 August 2025. Reisz employed Frears as an [assistant director](/source/Assistant_director) on the film *[Morgan – A Suitable Case for Treatment](/source/Morgan_%E2%80%93_A_Suitable_Case_for_Treatment)* (d. [Karel Reisz](/source/Karel_Reisz), 1966). Frears also worked in this capacity on *[Charlie Bubbles](/source/Charlie_Bubbles)* (d. [Albert Finney](/source/Albert_Finney), 1968) and *If....* (d. [Lindsay Anderson](/source/Lindsay_Anderson), 1968), both of which were made for Finney's own production company, Memorial Enterprises.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-LA_1/6/3/8_5-0)** ["The Anderson Collection"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120218155428/http://www.is.stir.ac.uk/libraries/collections/anderson/inhisownwordsifzero.php). *is.stir.ac.uk*. [University of Stirling](/source/University_of_Stirling). 2004. Archived from [the original](http://www.is.stir.ac.uk/libraries/collections/anderson/inhisownwordsifzero.php) on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2008. Extract from letter written in 1976 by Lindsay Anderson to Jack Landman in which he discusses the parallels between *If....* and [Jean Vigo](/source/Jean_Vigo)'s *[Zero for Conduct](/source/Zero_for_Conduct)* (LA 1/6/3/8)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["If..."](https://web.archive.org/web/20120217065453/http://www.totalfilm.com/reviews/dvd/if) *[Total Film](/source/Total_Film)*. 23 July 2007. Archived from [the original](http://www.totalfilm.com/reviews/dvd/if) on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Behind The Scenes on If..."](https://web.archive.org/web/20120304125042/http://www.gloucestershireonscreen.co.uk/home/1960s-1/if-1968/behind-the-scenes-with-if) Archived from [the original](http://www.gloucestershireonscreen.co.uk/home/1960s-1/if-1968/behind-the-scenes-with-if) on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** *If...* (DVD audio commentary to the film). Lindsay Andersen. Los Angeles: [Paramount Home Entertainment](/source/Paramount_Pictures_Home_Entertainment). 2007 [1968]. PHE 9395.{{[cite AV media notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media_notes)}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others_in_cite_AV_media_(notes)))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Sutton (2005).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Gary Couzens (27 July 2007). ["DVD review: if..."](https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213035/http://film.thedigitalfix.com/content/id/65418/if.html) *The Digital Fix*. Archived from [the original](http://film.thedigitalfix.com/content/id/65418/if.html) on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Oakes, Philip (23 November 1968). "Film-maker Anderson - a belief in ambiguity". *[The Montreal Star](/source/The_Montreal_Star)*. p. 23.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** SG (10 September 2012). ["If…"](https://www.timeout.com/movies/if). *Time Out Worldwide*. Retrieved 10 September 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["If..."](https://www.proquest.com/docview/1505810185) *[Variety](/source/Variety_(magazine))*. **253** (4): 30. 11 December 1968. [ProQuest](/source/ProQuest) [1505810185](https://www.proquest.com/docview/1505810185).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** *Radio Times Guide to Films* (18th ed.). London: [Immediate Media Company](/source/Immediate_Media_Company). 2017. p. 452. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780992936440](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780992936440).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Halliwell, Leslie (1989). *Halliwell's Film Guide* (7th ed.). London: Paladin. p. 594. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0586088946](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0586088946).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["If.... (2009)"](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/if1968). *[Fandango](/source/Fandango_Media)*. [Rotten Tomatoes](/source/Rotten_Tomatoes). Retrieved 8 July 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-festival-cannes.com_17-0)** ["Festival de Cannes: IF"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120118160500/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/2527/year/1969.html). *festival-cannes.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/2527/year/1969.html) on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["The 100 best British films"](https://www.timeout.com/london/film/100-best-british-films#tab_panel_4). *[Time Out](/source/Time_Out_(magazine))*. Retrieved 24 October 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Hughes2013_19-0)** David Hughes (31 May 2013). [*The Complete Kubrick*](https://books.google.com/books?id=zf9BYv5DiCwC&pg=PT118). Ebury Publishing. p. 118. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4481-3321-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-3321-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Ryan, Paul (7 November 2004). ["Malcolm McDowell"](https://web.archive.org/web/20081121175939/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/interviews/mcdowell.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/interviews/mcdowell.html) on 21 November 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Sutton 97–102.

### Bibliography

- Lambert, Gavin (2000). [*Mainly About Lindsay Anderson*](https://archive.org/details/mainlyaboutlinds00lamb/page/384) (1st ed.). New York: Knopf. p. [384](https://archive.org/details/mainlyaboutlinds00lamb/page/384). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-679-44598-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-44598-2).

- Sherwin, David (1969). *if.... A film by Lindsay Anderson and David Sherwin. [Screenplay by David Sherwin]*. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 167. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-671-20451-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-20451-8).

- Anderson, Lindsay (2004). Ryan, Paul (ed.). *Never Apologise: The Collected Writings of Lindsay Anderson*. London: Plexus Publishing Ltd. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-85965-317-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85965-317-6).

- Anderson, Lindsay (2004). Sutton, Paul (ed.). *Lindsay Anderson: Diaries*. London: Methuen Pub Ltd. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-413-77397-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-413-77397-5).

- Sinker, Mark (2004). *if..*. London: British Film Institute. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-84457-040-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-040-9).

- Sutton, Paul (2005). *if....: Turner Classic Movies British Film Guide (Turner Classic Movies British Film Guides)*. London: I. B. Tauris. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-85043-672-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-672-0).

### Further reading

- Catterall, Ali; and Wells, Simon (2001). *Your Face Here: British Cult Movies Since The Sixties*. London: Fourth Estate. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-00-714554-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-714554-6)

## External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to ***[If....](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/If....)***.

- [*If....*](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0063850/) at [IMDb](/source/IMDb_(identifier))

- [*If....*](https://web.archive.org/web/1/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/78950/enwp) at the [TCM Movie Database](/source/Turner_Classic_Movies#TCMdb) (archived)

- [*If...*](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/if1968) at [Rotten Tomatoes](/source/Rotten_Tomatoes)

- [*If....: School Days*](https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/488-if-school-days) an essay by [David Ehrenstein](/source/David_Ehrenstein) at the [Criterion Collection](/source/Criterion_Collection)

v t e Mick Travis if.... (1968) O Lucky Man! (1973) Britannia Hospital (1982)

v t e Films directed by Lindsay Anderson O Dreamland (1953) Thursday's Children (1954) Every Day Except Christmas (1957) This Sporting Life (1963) The White Bus (1967) If.... (1968) O Lucky Man! (1973) In Celebration (1975) Look Back in Anger (1980) Britannia Hospital (1982) Wham! in China: Foreign Skies (1986) The Whales of August (1987) Glory! Glory! (1989)

v t e Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or 1939–1975 Union Pacific (1939) No festival held (1940–1945) Brief Encounter (1946) The Last Chance (1946) The Lost Weekend (1946) María Candelaria (1946) Men Without Wings (1946) Neecha Nagar (1946) Pastoral Symphony (1946) The Red Meadows (1946) Rome, Open City (1946) Torment (1946) The Turning Point (1946) Antoine and Antoinette (1947) Crossfire (1947) The Damned (1947) Dumbo (1947) Ziegfeld Follies (1947) No festival held (1948) The Third Man (1949) No festival held (1950) Miracle in Milan (1951) Miss Julie (1951) Othello (1951) Two Cents Worth of Hope (1952) The Wages of Fear (1953) Gate of Hell (1954) Marty (1955) The Silent World (1956) Friendly Persuasion (1957) The Cranes Are Flying (1958) Black Orpheus (1959) La Dolce Vita (1960) The Long Absence (1961) Viridiana (1961) O Pagador de Promessas (1962) The Leopard (1963) The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964) The Knack ...and How to Get It (1965) The Birds, the Bees and the Italians (1966) A Man and a Woman (1966) Blowup (1967) Festival cancelled while in progress (1968) if.... (1969) M*A*S*H (1970) The Go-Between (1971) The Mattei Affair (1972) The Working Class Goes to Heaven (1972) The Hireling (1973) Scarecrow (1973) The Conversation (1974) Chronicle of the Years of Fire (1975) 1976–2000 Taxi Driver (1976) Padre Padrone (1977) The Tree of Wooden Clogs (1978) Apocalypse Now (1979) The Tin Drum (1979) All That Jazz (1980) Kagemusha (1980) Man of Iron (1981) Missing (1982) Yol (1982) The Ballad of Narayama (1983) Paris, Texas (1984) When Father Was Away on Business (1985) The Mission (1986) Under the Sun of Satan (1987) Pelle the Conqueror (1988) Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989) Wild at Heart (1990) Barton Fink (1991) The Best Intentions (1992) Farewell My Concubine (1993) The Piano (1993) Pulp Fiction (1994) Underground (1995) Secrets & Lies (1996) The Eel (1997) Taste of Cherry (1997) Eternity and a Day (1998) Rosetta (1999) Dancer in the Dark (2000) 2001–present The Son's Room (2001) The Pianist (2002) Elephant (2003) Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) L'Enfant (2005) The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2006) 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (2007) The Class (2008) The White Ribbon (2009) Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives (2010) The Tree of Life (2011) Amour (2012) Blue Is the Warmest Colour (2013) Winter Sleep (2014) Dheepan (2015) I, Daniel Blake (2016) The Square (2017) Shoplifters (2018) Parasite (2019) No festival held (2020) Titane (2021) Triangle of Sadness (2022) Anatomy of a Fall (2023) Anora (2024) It Was Just an Accident (2025) Fjord (2026)

Authority control databases: National United States Israel

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [If....](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If....) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If....?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.