# Id Tech 3

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Video game engine

id Tech 3 Quake III, the engine's parent game Developer id Software Stable release 1.32c / August 19, 2005; 20 years ago (2005-08-19) Written in C (rewritten 14% in C++) Platform Windows, Mac OS, OS X, Linux, Dreamcast, GameCube, Nintendo Switch, Nintendo Switch 2, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox, Xbox 360, iOS, Android Predecessor Quake II engine Successor id Tech 4, IW engine License GNU GPL-2.0-or-later Website www.idsoftware.com/business/idtech3/ Repository github.com/id-Software/Quake-III-Arena

*[Star Trek: Elite Force II](/source/Star_Trek%3A_Elite_Force_II)* is one of the last games to utilize the id Tech 3 engine.

**id Tech 3**, originally known as the ***Quake III Arena* engine**, is a [game engine](/source/Game_engine) developed by [id Software](/source/Id_Software) for its 1999 game *[Quake III Arena](/source/Quake_III_Arena)*. It has subsequently been used in numerous games. Commercially, id Tech 3 competed with early versions of the [Unreal Engine](/source/Unreal_Engine); both were widely licensed. Originally proprietary, it is now [open-source software](/source/Open-source_software).

id Tech 3 is based on the earlier [id Tech 2](/source/Id_Tech_2), with a large amount of the code rewritten. [id Tech 4](/source/Id_Tech_4) was derived from id Tech 3, as was [Infinity Ward](/source/Infinity_Ward)'s [IW engine](/source/IW_engine), used in *[Call of Duty 2](/source/Call_of_Duty_2)* onward.

At [QuakeCon](/source/QuakeCon) 2005, [John Carmack](/source/John_D._Carmack) announced that the id Tech 3 [source code](/source/Source_code) would be released under the [GNU General Public License](/source/GNU_General_Public_License) v2.0 or later, and it was released on August 19, 2005.[1] It was originally distributed via [FTP](/source/FTP), and later moved to [GitHub](/source/GitHub).

## Features

### Graphics

Unlike most other game engines released at the time—including its main competitor, the [Unreal Engine](/source/Unreal_Engine)—id Tech 3 requires an [OpenGL](/source/OpenGL)-compliant [graphics accelerator](/source/Graphics_processing_unit) to run. The engine does not include a [software renderer](/source/Software_rendering), unlike id Tech 2.

id Tech 3 introduced [spline](/source/Spline_(mathematics))-based curved surfaces in addition to planar volumes.[2]

The graphical technology of the game is based tightly around a [shader](/source/Shader) system, where the appearance of many surfaces can be defined in text files referred to as shader [scripts](/source/Scripting_language). Shaders are described and rendered as several layers. Each layer contains a texture, a "blend mode" that determines how to superimpose it over the previous layer, and texture orientation modes such as environment mapping, scrolling, and rotation. These features can readily be seen within the game, with many bright and active surfaces on each map and even character models. The shader system goes beyond visual appearance, defining the contents of volumes (e.g., a water volume is defined by applying a water shader to its surfaces), light emission, and which sound to play when a volume is trodden upon.[3] To assist calculation of these shaders, *id Tech 3* implements a specific [fast inverse square root](/source/Fast_inverse_square_root) function, which attracted a significant amount of attention in the game development community for its clever use of integer operations.[4][5]

### Networking

Like id's earlier titles *[Doom](/source/Doom_(1993_video_game))* and *[Quake](/source/Quake_(video_game))*, *Quake III Arena* features multiplayer support via features built into its engine. id Tech 3 uses a snapshot system to [relay information about game frames](/source/Netcode#Tick_rate) to the client over [UDP](/source/User_Datagram_Protocol). The server updates object interaction at a fixed rate independent of the rate that clients update the server with their actions, then attempts to send the state of all objects at that moment (the current server frame) to each client. The server attempts to omit as much information as possible about each frame, relaying only differences from the last frame the client confirmed as received ([Delta encoding](/source/Delta_encoding)). All data packets are compressed by [Huffman coding](/source/Huffman_coding) with static pre-calculated frequency data to reduce bandwidth use even further.[6]

*Quake III Arena* has an integrated and relatively elaborate [cheat-protection](/source/Cheating_in_online_games) system called "pure server". Any client connecting to a pure server automatically has "pure mode" enabled; while pure mode is enabled, only files within data packs can be accessed. Clients are disconnected if their data packs fail one of several integrity checks. The cgame.qvm file, with its high potential for cheat-related modification, is subject to additional integrity checks.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Developers must manually deactivate pure server to test maps or mods that are not in data packs using the PK3 file format. Later versions supplemented pure server with [PunkBuster](/source/PunkBuster) support, though all the hooks to it are absent from the source code release because PunkBuster is [closed source](/source/Closed_source) software and including support for it in the source code release would have caused any redistributors/reusers of the code to violate the [GPL](/source/GPL).[7]

## ioquake3

Automatic [specular](/source/Specularity) and [normal mapping](/source/Normal_mapping) in ioQuake3, [Tremulous](/source/Tremulous) 1.3 prerelease client

Ioquake3 is a [game engine](/source/Game_engine) project which aims to build upon the id Tech 3 [source code](/source/Source_code) release[8][9] in order to remove bugs, clean up source code and to add more advanced graphical and audio features via [SDL](/source/Simple_DirectMedia_Layer) and [OpenAL](/source/OpenAL). ioquake3 is also intended to act as a clean base package, upon which other projects may be built. The game engine supports [Ogg Vorbis](/source/Ogg_Vorbis) format and video capture of demos in [.avi](/source/.avi) format.[10]

The project was started shortly after the source code release with the goal of creating a [bug](/source/Software_bug)-free, enhanced [open source](/source/FLOSS) *Quake III* engine source code distribution upon which new games and projects can be based. In addition, the project aims to provide an improved environment in which *Quake III: Arena*, the *Team Arena* expansion pack and all the popular [mods](/source/Game_modding) can be played.[11][12][13][14] The project added features including builtin [VoIP](/source/VoIP) support, [Anaglyph stereo rendering](/source/Anaglyph_image) (for viewing with 3D glasses), and numerous security fixes.

Ioquake3 is the basis of several game projects based on the id Tech 3 engine, such as *[OpenArena](/source/OpenArena)* (mimicking *Quake III Arena*), *[Tremulous](/source/Tremulous)*,[15][16] *[Smokin' Guns](/source/Smokin'_Guns)*,[17] *[Urban Terror](/source/Urban_Terror)*,[18][19] *Turtle Arena* and *[World of Padman](/source/World_of_Padman)*[20][21] and game engine projects such as efport (a *[Star Trek: Voyager – Elite Force Holomatch](/source/Star_Trek%3A_Voyager_%E2%80%93_Elite_Force#Versions_and_sequels)* clone), ioJedi Outcast, ioJedi Academy, ioDoom3, and [OpenMoHAA](/source/OpenMoHAA). The engine and its associated games have been included in several [Linux](/source/Linux) and [BSD](/source/BSD) distributions. The cMod engine derived from the earlier *Elite Force* port was used to package the 20th anniversary [freeware release](/source/Star_Trek%3A_Voyager_%E2%80%93_Elite_Force#Freeware_release) of the game for [Windows](/source/Windows) and [Linux](/source/Linux).[22]

The source code for the *[Return to Castle Wolfenstein](/source/Return_to_Castle_Wolfenstein)* and *[Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory](/source/Wolfenstein%3A_Enemy_Territory)* engines was released under [GNU GPL-3.0-or-later](/source/GNU_General_Public_License) on August 12, 2010.[23] The ioquake3 developers announced the start of other engine projects.[24]

The ioquake3 project has been used academic research such as Stanford University's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA),[25][26] Notre Dame as the foundation for VR research,[27] and Swinburne University of Technology's Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures.[28][29] Collaborative efforts from researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Toronto use ioquake3 as a platform for their published research.[30][31] Students have used ioquake3 as the basis for advanced graphics work for their theses, such as Stephan Reiter's work[32][33] which has been noted at the LLVM project[34] due to his synthesis of the ioquake3 engine, ray-tracing rendering technique, and LLVM.

The project has since received forks, such as Quake3e,[35] Spearmint,[36] and vkQuake3.[37][38]

Other derived engines include the [Daemon](/source/Unvanquished_(video_game)#Engine) engine used by *[Unvanquished](/source/Unvanquished_(video_game))*,[39][40][41] as well as competing source ports like XreaL,[42][43] Kwaak3 for [Android](/source/Android_(operating_system))[44][45][46][47][48][49] and Quake-3-Android-Port-QIII4A.[50]

## Games

Year Title Developer Notes 1999 Quake III Arena id Software 2000 Heavy Metal: F.A.K.K. 2 Ritual Entertainment ÜberTools Star Trek: Voyager – Elite Force Raven Software American McGee's Alice Rogue Entertainment ÜberTools Quake III: Team Arena id Software 2001 Quake III Revolution Bullfrog Productions James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire EA Redwood Shores ÜberTools Return to Castle Wolfenstein Gray Matter Studios (SP) Nerve Software (MP) 2002 Medal of Honor: Allied Assault 2015, Inc. ÜberTools Star Wars Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast Raven Software Soldier of Fortune II: Double Helix Raven Software Medal of Honor: Allied Assault - Spearhead EA Los Angeles ÜberTools 2003 Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory Splash Damage Star Trek: Elite Force II Ritual Entertainment ÜberTools Medal of Honor: Allied Assault - Breakthrough TKO Software ÜberTools Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy Raven Software Call of Duty Infinity Ward ÜberTools 2004 James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing EA Redwood Shores ÜberTools Call of Duty: United Offensive Gray Matter Studios Treyarch ÜberTools Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault EA Los Angeles ÜberTools 2008 Iron Grip: Warlord ISOTX 2009 Dark Salvation Mangled Eye Studios Call of Duty Classic Infinity Ward ÜberTools 2010 Quake Live id Software Cancelled Severity Escalation Studios Trinity: The Shatter Effect Gray Matter Studios The World Is Not Enough Electronic Arts

## See also

- [Free and open-source software portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software)
- [Video games portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Video_games)

- [id Tech 2](/source/Id_Tech_2)

- [id Tech 4](/source/Id_Tech_4)

- [List of game engines](/source/List_of_game_engines)

- [Quake modding](/source/Quake_modding)

## References

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-shader1_3-0)** [Jennell Jaquays](/source/Jennell_Jaquays), Brian Hook. ["Quake III Arena Shader Manual"](http://www.qeradiant.com/manual/Q3AShader_Manual/ch01/pg1_1.htm). p. 1. Retrieved October 1, 2006.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** Perez, Anthony (February 24, 2010). ["Quake 3 Successfully Ported To Android 2.0 Devices"](https://phandroid.com/2010/02/24/quake-3-successfully-ported-to-android-2-0-devices/). *Phanadroid*. Retrieved July 21, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-49)** Kennemer, Quentyn (May 10, 2010). ["Quake 3 Finally Ported To The Nexus One"](https://phandroid.com/2010/05/10/quake-3-finally-ported-to-the-nexus-one/). *Phanadroid*. Retrieved July 21, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** Rahman, Mishaal (May 16, 2017). ["How to play Return to Castle Wolfenstein, Doom 3, and Quake 3 (with Arena) on your Android device"](https://www.xda-developers.com/how-to-play-return-to-castle-wolfenstein-doom-3-and-quake-3-with-arena-on-your-android-device/). *[XDA Developers](/source/XDA_Developers)*. Retrieved July 21, 2024.

## External links

- ["Official id Tech 3 licensing page"](https://web.archive.org/web/20091108191718/http://www.idsoftware.com/business/idtech3/). Archived from the original on November 8, 2009. Retrieved July 6, 2012.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown))

- [Original Quake III source code repository (id Tech 3)](https://web.archive.org/web/20151202082819/ftp://ftp.idsoftware.com/idstuff/source/quake3-1.32b-source.zip) on idsoftware.com[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

- [id's current Quake III source code repository (id Tech 3)](https://github.com/id-Software/Quake-III-Arena) on [github.com](/source/Github.com)

- [ioquake3 project page](http://ioquake3.org/), community continuation

v t e id Software List of games Main franchises Commander Keen Doom Quake Wolfenstein Other games Shadow Knights Hovertank One Dangerous Dave Rescue Rover Tiles of the Dragon Catacomb 3-D Orcs & Elves Rage Mutant Bash TV Rage 2 Games published Heretic Hexen: Beyond Heretic Hexen II People Current Kevin Cloud Former Michael Abrash Timothee Besset Adrian Carmack John Carmack Matthew Costello Graeme Devine Robert Duffy Tom Hall Todd Hollenshead Jennell Jaquays Katherine Anna Kang American McGee Sandy Petersen Mark Rein John Romero Dave Taylor Tim Willits Mike Wilson Publishers Softdisk Apogee Software FormGen GT Interactive Activision ZeniMax Media Engines Doom engine id Tech Quake engine Quake II engine 3 4 5 6 7 8 Technology Adaptive tile refresh Fast inverse square root MegaTexture Related QuakeCon Masters of Doom

v t e Quake series Games Quake II III Arena Live 4 Enemy Territory: Quake Wars Champions People American McGee Graeme Devine John Carmack John Romero Jennell Jaquays Sandy Petersen Tim Willits Timothee Besset Trent Reznor Machinima Blahbalicious Diary of a Camper Operation Bayshield Quad God Quake done Quick The Seal of Nehahra Mods Quake Malice Nexuiz Rocket Arena Team Fortress X-Men: The Ravages of Apocalypse Xonotic Quake II Action Quake 2 Alien Arena Gravity Bone Loki's Minions Capture the Flag Thirty Flights of Loving Warsow UFO: Alien Invasion Quake III Challenge ProMode Arena DeFRaG OpenArena Smokin' Guns Tremulous Unvanquished Urban Terror World of Padman Professional players av3k Cypher Fatal1ty KillCreek rapha Sujoy Thresh Vo0 Technology id Tech Quake engine Quake II engine id Tech 3 id Tech 4 Other Fast inverse square root Quake Army Knife QuakeC QuakeWorld Related BFG Soundtrack QuakeCon QuakeNet Category:Quake (series)

v t e Call of Duty Activision World War II series Main series Call of Duty United Offensive 2 3 WWII Vanguard Spin-offs Finest Hour 2: Big Red One Roads to Victory Modern Warfare Original series 4: Modern Warfare Remastered Modern Warfare 2 Modern Warfare 3 Reboot series Modern Warfare (2019) Modern Warfare II (2022) Modern Warfare III (2023) Modern Warfare 4 (2026) Spin-offs 4: Modern Warfare (Nintendo DS) Modern Warfare: Mobilized Modern Warfare 3 – Defiance Black Ops Main series World at War Black Ops Black Ops II Black Ops III Black Ops 4 Black Ops Cold War Black Ops 6 Zombies Black Ops 7 Spin-offs World at War (Nintendo DS) World at War – Final Fronts World at War – Zombies Black Ops – Zombies Black Ops: Declassified Strike Team Other games Online Ghosts Advanced Warfare Heroes Infinite Warfare Mobile Warzone (2020) Warzone (2022) Warzone Mobile Other media Find Makarov: Operation Kingfish "Nightmare" "Shepherd of Fire" "Survival" Black Reign "Not Ready to Die" "Carry On" "Mad Hatter" Elements Gameplay Zombies mode Survival mode Levels "All Ghillied Up" "No Russian" Maps "Nuketown" "Shipment" Characters Captain Price Technology id Tech 3 Elite Events Experience 2011 Experience 2016 Developers Infinity Ward Treyarch Sledgehammer Games Raven Software Related Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft Battle.net Call of Duty Endowment "Press F to pay respects" 2017 Wichita swatting Category

v t e Game engines (list) Source port First-person shooter engine List of first-person shooter engines Game engine recreation List of game engine recreations Game creation system Game IDE List of visual novel engines id Tech Proprietary 1980s Adventure Game Interpreter Cobra Filmation Freescape Gold Box Sierra Creative Interpreter SCUMM 1990s 3D GameStudio Clickteam Dark Engine GameMaker Genie Engine GoldSrc Infinity Engine Jedi LithTech Mugen Pie in the Sky Reality Lab RenderWare RPG Maker Sim RPG Maker Unreal Engine 1 Virtools Virtual Theatre Voxel Space Zillions of Games 2000s Anvil C4 Engine CryEngine Crystal Tools Euphoria Flare3D Frostbite Gamebryo GameSalad HeroEngine IW Leadwerks Marmalade MT Framework PhyreEngine Q RAGE Shark 3D Source Unigine Unity Unreal Engine 2 Unreal Engine 3 Virtools 2.5 Vicious Engine Vision Visual3D Game Engine 2010s 4A Engine Amazon Lumberyard Bitsquid Buildbox Construct Creation Engine Decima Defold Felgo ForgeLight Fox Engine id Tech 5 id Tech 6 Ignite Katana Engine Luminous Engine Pixel Game Maker MV RE Engine Snowdrop Stencyl Source 2 UbiArt Framework Unreal Engine 4 2020s id Tech 7 Unreal Engine 5 Free and open-source 1970s Z-machine 1990s Adventure Game Studio Build Crystal Space Doom engine Game-Maker OHRRPGCE Quake engine Quake II engine Stratagus 2000s Away3D Blender Game Engine Bork3D Game Engine Cocos2d Dim3 Game Editor GDevelop id Tech 3 id Tech 4 Irrlicht Engine jMonkeyEngine Lightweight Java Game Library Löve OGRE Open Wonderland Panda3D Papervision3D Plasma Platinum Arts Sandbox Pygame Ren'Py Scratch Solar2D Thousand Parsec Torque Vassal Engine Wintermute Engine 2010s Delta3D Godot GPUOpen Horde3D libGDX Luanti Moai OpenFL ORX PlayCanvas Raylib Snap! Stencyl Stride 2020s Open 3D Engine S&box

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Id Tech 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id_Tech_3) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id_Tech_3?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.