# Ibrahim Hesqel

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Iraqi politician (born 1950)

Ibrahim Hesqel Trade Commissioner and Commercial Attaché of Iraq In office September 15, 1988 – April 09, 2003 President Saddam Hussein Prime Minister Saddam Hussein Sa'dun Hammadi Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai Saddam Hussein Minister Muhammad Mahdi Salih Deputy Tariq Aziz In–charge of mission In office January 3, 1984 – August 20, 1988 President Saddam Hussein Vice President Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Taha Yassin Ramadan Advisor in Charge of Investments of Iraq Personal details Born 3 January 1950 (1950-01-03) (age 76) Basra, Kingdom of Iraq Party Ba'ath Party Military service Allegiance Ba'athist Iraq (1980–1988) Branch/service Iraqi Ground Forces Battles/wars Iran–Iraq War Alliance Ba'athist Iraq

**Ibrahim Hesqel** (born 3 January 1950) is an Iraqi chemist and diplomat. He served in the [Ministry of Trade](/source/Ministry_of_Trade_(Iraq)) in the [government](/source/Government_of_Saddam_Hussein) of President [Saddam Hussein](/source/Saddam_Hussein) until the [2003 invasion of Iraq](/source/2003_invasion_of_Iraq). Ibrahim held roles such as [business envoy](/source/Diplomacy), [commercial attaché](/source/Attach%C3%A9) and [trade commissioner](/source/Trade_commissioner) of Iraq. He was sent as part of numerous trade missions from Iraq by the government, especially [China](/source/China).[1]

A graduate of the [University of Basra](/source/University_of_Basra), Ibrahim was one of the few [Jews](/source/Jews) who held positions in the Iraqi government, when the majority of the [Jews emigrated](/source/Jewish_exodus_from_the_Muslim_world). He was an active member of the Administrative Committee for Iraqi Jews and was a source of a pride for the Jewish community.

## Early life

**Ibrahim Hesqel** was born in 1950 in Basra, Iraq, into an Iraqi Jewish family. His father worked at the [Ports Authority](/source/Iraqi_Ports_Institute) in the [Port of Basra](/source/Port_of_Basra), contributing to the city's bustling trade industry. Ibrahim spent his childhood in the [Jewish Quarter](/source/Jewish_quarter_(diaspora)) of Basra, near the historic [Tweig Synagogue](/source/Tweig_Synagogue), which was the largest synagogue of the city.[2]

At that time, Iraq's Jewish community faced [persecution by the Iraqi authorities](/source/Jewish_exodus_from_the_Muslim_world), due to [rising tensions in the region](/source/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict).[2] He experienced [riots and violence](/source/Farhud) among Jews and Muslims.[2] It was the time of the Ba'ath Party, when [repressive policies against Jews were removed](/source/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq#Ba'athist_Regime).[2] Ibrahim attended the Jewish School of Basra.[2] After completing his primary education, he pursued higher studies and earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the [University of Basra](/source/University_of_Basra) in 1973.[2]

## Career

After his graduation, Ibrahim joined the workforce as a chemist, working in a factory in Basra.[2] He also helped his father in his businesses.[2][3] His success soon caught the attention of local leaders. Ibrahim's work and reputation within the industry led to his involvement with the [Ba'ath Party](/source/Ba'ath_Party).

Joint meeting of the [Revolution Command Council (RCC)](/source/Revolutionary_Command_Council_(Iraq)) and the Regional Command of the Ba'ath Party in Baghdad, 1988

During the [Iran–Iraq War](/source/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War) from 1980 to 1988, the government implemented mandatory [military service](/source/Military_service), requiring many young men to serve in the armed forces.[3] This included both regular conscription and additional recruitment drives during the war.[3] Despite being part of the Jewish community, Ibrahim was drafted to serve in the armed forces.[3] Ibrahim served alongside other prominent Jewish Iraqis, including Emad Levy, who later became Iraq's last rabbi, and Solla Levy, members of a well-known Jewish family in Baghdad that had been prominent in trade.[3] Ibrahim's fluency in global trade practices and his deep understanding of international markets made him a crucial asset to Iraq's diplomatic efforts, particularly as the country sought to strengthen its ties with China, a key trading partner during the Iran-Iraq War.[3]

Ibrahim in an event with Saddam, 1990

Ibrahim's diplomatic abilities and professional background were recognized by [Saddam Hussein](/source/Saddam_Hussein). He was appointed as [Commercial Attaché](/source/Attach%C3%A9) for Iraq, tasked with developing international trade relationships.[3] In 1988, he was sent as a part of delegation on a high-profile trade mission to [China](/source/China), where Iraq aimed to solidify its economic position amidst the ongoing conflict.[3][4] At that time [China was one of the biggest exporters of weapons to Iraq](/source/International_aid_to_combatants_in_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War).[3][4] Ibrahim's role as [Trade Commissioner](/source/Trade_Commissioner) allowed him to play a central role in [Iraq's foreign economic strategy](/source/Foreign_relations_of_Iraq), especially in fostering stronger [trade ties with China](/source/China%E2%80%93Iraq_relations).[3] He had access to key Iraqi officials, such as [Muhammad Mahdi Salih](/source/Muhammad_Mahdi_Salih), Iraq's Trade Minister, under whom Ibrahim worked.[3][4] Ibrahim issued trade agreements between China and Iraq and promoted [export](/source/Export) trade programs on behalf of the government. Hesqel worked under the authority of Iraqi ambassador to China at the Iraqi Embassy in China.

Before that, Ibrahim also held post of *[Conseiller chargé des investissements](/source/Conseiller_charg%C3%A9_des_investissements)*, where he worked under the trade commissioner.

However, following [Iraq's invasion](/source/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait) of [Kuwait](/source/Kuwait) in 1990 and the subsequent [Gulf War](/source/Gulf_War), Iraq's international relations drastically shifted.[5][6] As a result, [China](/source/China) condemned the invasion and severed trade relations with Iraq in alignment with the [UN sanctions](/source/International_sanctions_against_Iraq).[6] Even amid these challenges, Ibrahim's role remained significant.[6][7] He navigated the complexities of Iraq's diplomatic isolation, particularly during the [Oil-for-Food Program](/source/Oil-for-Food_Program), which permitted Iraq to export oil in exchange for humanitarian aid under [UN supervision](/source/UN). Ibrahim was instrumental in facilitating Iraq's resumption of some trade under this framework.[7]

In the aftermath of the Gulf War and Iraq's deteriorating international standing, Ibrahim was forced to navigate complex diplomatic waters.[7] While trade with many countries was suspended, Iraq's relationship with China gradually resumed under the Oil-for-Food framework, and Ibrahim worked to restore these connections in the face of global isolation.[3] [Naim Dangoor](/source/Naim_Dangoor), an Iraqi Jewish businessmen residing in the United Kingdom, donated a large amount of money to Iraqis living under sanctions and Ibrahim may have facilitated the flow of humanitarian aid from him.

Ibrahim was one of the most prominent Jewish figures in Iraq. His work was highly acclaimed and reported in Jewish magazine "The Scribe".

President Saddam Hussein is our leader. May God grant him victory. May God defeat the enemy of Iraq.

— Ibrahim Hesqel, 1990

Ibrahim condemned the 1998 shooting incident at the headquarters of the Jewish community in Baghdad.[8] He also stated that Jews were treated well and protected by the government.[8] Ibrahim was an opponent of Israel and supported Palestine, the main foreign policy of Iraq in regard to [Israel–Palestine conflict](/source/Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_conflict).[8] Naji Salman Salih said, in a follow-up statement that Israel is the [enemy](/source/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict) of Arab countries and if there is a war between Israel and Iraq, the Jews will support Iraq.[9] He also said in 1981, when [Israel destroyed the nuclear reactor of Iraq in Osirak](/source/Operation_Opera), which was built for peaceful purposes, Jews didn't face any problems in Iraq.[9]

## Iraq war and Post-Saddam

In March 2003, the [United States](/source/United_States)-led [coalition forces](/source/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq) [invaded and occupied Iraq](/source/2003_invasion_of_Iraq), overthrowing Saddam's regime.[10] As a result of the [order](/source/De-Ba'athification) by the [Coalition Provisional Authority](/source/Coalition_Provisional_Authority), Ibrahim lost his job and was expelled from the government.[10] Though his name was on the list of most-wanted Iraqis, nevertheless, Ibrahim was fear of getting attacked, due to rising sectarian and communal tensions in Iraq. He was one of the last Jews, who remained in Iraq. Seizing the opportunity, Ibrahim escaped and settled abroad. He also said that:[10]

What is built on falsehood is falsehood. Since 2003, the political process in Iraq has been shaped not by the will of the people but by the [American](/source/2003_invasion_of_Iraq) and [Persian invaders](/source/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)).[10] This parallels the [Fascist government installed in France](/source/Vichy_France) by [Nazi occupiers](/source/Nazi_occupation_of_france) during [World War II](/source/World_War_II).[10] That regime signed agreements that made France dependent on Germany, with harsh conditions if not fulfilled.[10] When [Charles De Gaulle](/source/Charles_de_Gaulle) became president, he canceled those agreements, recognizing them as invalid under an occupier's rule.[10] Similarly, Iraq and its people had no say in the agreements made by the governments under American and Persian occupation.[10] As Basra, a key economic hub, asserts, any agreements made under these occupations are void and worthless.[10]

China must recognize that much of its global standing is shaped by Jewish Musawi capital, with 80% of it originating from Basrawi Musawi Iraqis, especially Jews from Basra.[10] If China challenges the Jews of Basra in Iraq, Basra is prepared to remind them of the consequences.[10] Basra's history is pivotal to the technologies China now claims, with 60% of the scientists responsible being Jewish Musawi Indians from Basra, [Maysan](/source/Maysan), and [Nasiriyah](/source/Nasiriyah).[10] The rest were [English](/source/English_people), [Scottish](/source/Scottish_people), and [Russians](/source/Russians), while the Chinese mainly executed tasks under a Jewish-driven mentality.[10] China should avoid repeating America's economic humiliation.[10] The [oil and gas in Iraq](/source/Oil_reserves_in_Iraq) belong to the Iraqi people, not corrupt figures like [Adel Zawiya](/source/Adel_Abdul_Mahdi), the [Iranian regime](/source/Iranian_regime), or American-backed agents.[10] China is warned that future Iraqi political systems will reject agreements imposed by external powers.[10] China's rise was made possible by the contributions of Iraqi Musawis, particularly Basrawis.[10] China should avoid putting its vast population between the Musawis and the destructive grip of the British monarchy.[10]

— Ibrahim Hesqel

## Personal life

Hesqel is married and has six children. He lived in Basra but due to his government post he moved to [Baghdad](/source/Baghdad). During the 1980–1988 war between Iran and Iraq, Basra was an [active battleground](/source/War_of_the_cities), which prompted Hesqel's family to flee to Baghdad. During the war, some of the rockets fired from Iran landed close to his area of residence. After the end of the war, his family returned to their home in Basra but after the Gulf War and the 1991 uprisings, they moved again to Baghdad.

## See also

- [Muhammad Mahdi Salih](/source/Muhammad_Mahdi_Salih)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["يهود البصرة أقدم الطوائف اليهودية في العالم"](https://trtr3888-blogspot-com.translate.goog/2009/05/blog-post_191.html?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc) (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-12-08.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:0_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:0_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:0_2-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-:0_2-7) Ali, Haqi (2024-12-08). ["الطوائف والأديان والقوميات المختلفة في نظام البعث"](https://medium.com/@mumtazabdullahahsan333/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB-a73805aa9b4a). *Medium*. Retrieved 2024-12-08.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:154_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:154_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:154_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:154_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:154_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:154_3-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:154_3-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-:154_3-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-:154_3-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-:154_3-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-:154_3-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-:154_3-11) ["The Scribe: The Babylonian Jewish Journal"](http://www.dangoor.com/TheScribe29.pdf) (PDF). October 1988.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1542_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1542_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1542_4-2) ["The Scribe: The Babylonian Jewish Journal"](http://www.dangoor.com/TheScribe29.pdf) (PDF). October 1988.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Gul, Zana (2023-03-01). ["The new era in the continuum of China and Iraq's relationship"](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F20578911221140690). *Asian Journal of Comparative Politics*. **8** (1): 348–363. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1177/20578911221140690](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F20578911221140690). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2057-8911](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2057-8911).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_6-2) ["Bilateral Relations between China and Iraq"](http://iq.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zygx/zygxgk/201304/t20130415_2517539.htm). *iq.china-embassy.gov.cn*. Retrieved 2024-12-09.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:3_7-2) Laird, Robbin (2012-06-25). ["China-Iraq Ties: Oil, Arms, and Influence"](https://sldinfo.com/2012/06/china-iraq-ties-oil-arms-and-influence/). *Second Line of Defense*. Retrieved 2024-12-09.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:4_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:4_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:4_8-2) By (1998-11-13). ["In Iraq, respect for the Jews Baghdad: A tiny minority that has seen good days and bad is treated well under Saddam Hussein"](https://www.baltimoresun.com/1998/11/13/in-iraq-respect-for-the-jews-baghdad-a-tiny-minority-that-has-seen-good-days-and-bad-is-treated-well-under-saddam-hussein/). *Baltimore Sun*. Retrieved 2024-12-09.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:5_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:5_9-1) ["Saddam's Iraq | Journeyman Pictures"](https://www.journeyman.tv/film_documents/1181/transcript/). *www.journeyman.tv*. Retrieved 2024-12-09.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_10-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:1_10-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:1_10-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:1_10-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:1_10-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-:1_10-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-:1_10-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-:1_10-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-:1_10-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-:1_10-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-:1_10-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-:1_10-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-:1_10-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-:1_10-15) [***q***](#cite_ref-:1_10-16) [***r***](#cite_ref-:1_10-17) Sassoon, David S. (1927). "The History of the Jews in Basra". *The Jewish Quarterly Review*. **17** (4): 407–469. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1451490](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1451490). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1451490](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1451490).

v t e Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Iraqi-dominated faction Syrian-dominated faction History Predecessors Arab Ba'ath Arab Ba'ath Movement Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Committee to Help Iraq Founders Michel Aflaq Salah al-Din al-Bitar Pre-split 1954 Syrian coup d'état 14 July Revolution 1959 Mosul uprising Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim 1961 Syrian coup d'état Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Ba'athist Syria Politics National Council for the Revolutionary Command Ar-Rashid revolt November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 1964 Hama riot 1966 Syrian coup d'état Post-split 17 July Revolution Ba'athist Iraq Revolutionary Command Council Members Arab Belt Corrective Revolution Corrective Movement Union of Arab Republics Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Assadist–Saddamist conflict 1984 Syrian coup attempt 8th Regional Congress of the Syrian Ba'ath Party Faith Campaign Iraqi conflict De-Ba'athification in Iraq Ba'ath Party archives Syrian civil war Fall of the Assad regime Leadership General Secretaries Pre-split Michel Aflaq Munif Razzaz Iraqi-dominated faction Michel Aflaq Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Salah Al-Mukhtar* Syrian-dominated faction Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdullah al-Ahmar (de facto) Bashar al-Assad Regional Secretaries Iraq Fuad al-Rikabi Talib El-Shibib Ali Salih al-Sa'di Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed* Jordan Abdullah Rimawi Munif Razzaz Akram al-Homsi* Lebanon Assem Qanso Abd al-Majid al-Rafei Palestine Isam al-Qadi Rakad Salem* Syria Hammud al-Shufi Shibli al-Aysami Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Bashar al-Assad Members of the National Command Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Michel Aflaq Abdullah al-Ahmar Zaki al-Arsuzi Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Mansur al-Atrash Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Salah al-Din al-Bitar Elias Farah Hakem Al-Fayez Wahib al-Ghanim Amin al-Hafiz Akram al-Hourani Salah Jadid Zuheir Mohsen Munif Razzaz Fuad al-Rikabi Abdullah Rimawi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Talib El-Shibib Khaled Yashruti Members of the Regional Commands Iraq Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur Ghanim Abdul-Jalil Saad Abdul-Majid Jamal Mustafa Abdullah Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed Salah Omar al-Ali Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash Salih Mahdi Ammash Hussein Al-Awadi Tariq Aziz Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Saadoun Ghaidan Fadil Mahmud Gharib Mizban Khadr al-Hadi Sa'dun Hammadi Qusay Hussein Saddam Hussein Latif Nassif Jassim Rashid Taan Kazim Adnan Khayr Allah Ali Hassan al-Majid Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim Aziz Saleh Al-Numan Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi Taha Yassin Ramadan Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi Rashid al-Rifai Fuad al-Rikabi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun Abdul Khaliq al-Samarra'i Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i Talib El-Shibib Nayef Shindakh Thamer Khamis Sirhan Hardan al-Tikriti Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi Tahir Yahya Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ibrahim Hesqel Lebanon Musa Shuaib Syria Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Abdullah al-Ahmar Hussein Arnous Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Maher al-Assad Rifaat al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan Muhsen Bilal Mahdi Dakhlallah Ahmad Diyab Ali Duba Fahd Jassem al-Freij Marwan Habash Ibrahim al-Hadid Amin al-Hafiz Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Wael Nader al-Halqi Adnan Badr Hassan Salim Hatum Hilal Hilal Mohammad al-Hussein Hisham Ikhtiyar Salah Jadid Abdul-Karim al-Jundi Sami al-Jundi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Abdul Halim Khaddam Imad Khamis Ahmad al-Khatib Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mohammad Jihad al-Laham Ibrahim Makhous Zuhair Masharqa Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Abdul Qadir Qaddura Hammouda Sabbagh Farouk al-Sharaa Hikmat al-Shihabi Hammud al-Shufi Mustafa Tlass Hasan Turkmani Muhammad Umran Salim Yasin Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Yusuf Zuayyin Yemen Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab 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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ibrahim Hesqel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hesqel) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hesqel?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.