# ISO-IR-165

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/ISO-IR-165
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/ISO-IR-165.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO-IR-165
> Source revision: 1341534764
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Multi-byte graphic character set for Chinese

CCITT Chinese set (ISO-IR 165) MIME / IANA iso-ir-165 Alias(es) CN-GB-ISOIR165 (EUC form)[1] Languages Simplified Chinese, English, Russian Partial support: Greek, Japanese Standard ITU T.101, annex C Definitions ISO-IR 165 Extends GB 2312 Encoding formats ISO-2022-CN-EXT, Videotex Data Syntax 2 Succeeded by GB 18030

The **CCITT Chinese Primary Set**[2] is a multi-byte graphic [character set](/source/Character_set) for [Chinese](/source/Chinese_language) communications created for the [Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT)](/source/ITU-T) in 1992.[3] It is defined in [ITU T.101](/source/Videotex_character_set), annex C, which codifies Data Syntax 2 [Videotex](/source/Videotex).[2] It is registered with the [ISO-IR](/source/ISO-IR) registry for use with [ISO/IEC 2022](/source/ISO%2FIEC_2022) as **ISO-IR-165**,[4] and encodable in the [ISO-2022-CN-EXT](/source/ISO-2022-CN) code version.[1]

It is an extended modification of [GB/T 2312-80](/source/GB_2312), and corresponds to the union of the mainland Chinese [GB standards](/source/GB_standards) **GB 6345.1**-86 and **GB 8565.2**-88, with some further modification and extensions. A subset of the GB 6345.1 extensions are incorporated into [GB 18030](/source/GB_18030), while GB 8565.2 serves as the mainland Chinese source reference for certain [CJK Unified Ideographs](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs).

## GB 6345.1

GB 6345.1-86 (*32 × 32 Dot Matrix Font Set of Chinese Ideographs for Information Interchange*) includes both a [corrigendum](/source/Corrigendum) and an extension for GB 2312.[3] The corrigendum alters the following two characters:

Alterations made to existing GB 2312 characters by GB 6345.1 Row-cell EUC GB 2312 (Unamended)[5] GB 6345.1 Notes 03-71 0xA3E7 ɡ [a] 79-81 0xEFF1 鍾 锺 [b]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Corresponds to U+FF47 ｇ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER G in Unicode; however, the amended reference glyph can also correspond to U+0261 ɡ LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G. See below for how U+0261 is typically mapped to/from GB/T 6341.1, versus how it is mapped to/from ISO-IR-165. GB 18030 swaps this one back to the original[5] looped glyph.[6]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** The unamended reference glyph is a Traditional Chinese character corresponding to U+937E. The character in question is usually replaced with [钟](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%92%9F) (U+949F, also the simplification of [鐘](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%90%98)) in Simplified Chinese except in names of persons; the amended glyph is an alternate simplified form corresponding to U+953A.

Deployed implementations incorporating GB 2312, such as [Windows code page 936](/source/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)), generally follow these corrections in mapping 79-81 to U+953A.[7]

The extension adds half-width [ISO 646-CN](/source/ISO_646-CN) characters in row 10 (in addition to the existing full-width characters in row 3) and extends the set of 26 non-ASCII [pinyin](/source/Pinyin) characters in row 8 with six additional such characters. These GB 6345.1 extensions are also incorporated into [GB/T 12345](/source/GB%2FT_12345), the [Traditional Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese) counterpart to GB 2312, in addition to 29 vertical presentation forms in row 6.[3][8]

Later GB/T 6345.1-2010 published in 2011 officially adds half-width forms of the 32 pinyin characters (including the six new additions) in row 8 to row 11.[9] This addition is not featured in GB 18030.[6]

The six additional pinyin characters from GB 6345.1 and the vertical presentation forms from GB 12345 — but not the half-width forms — are included in the [classic Mac OS](/source/Classic_Mac_OS) encoding for Simplified Chinese (a modification of [EUC-CN](/source/EUC-CN)),[10] and also as two-byte codes in [GB 18030](/source/GB_18030).[6] The additional pinyin characters are as follows:[10]

Extensions made by GB 6345.1 to GB 2312 row 8 Row-cell EUC Character[10][6] Notes 08-27 0xA8BB U+0251 ɑ LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA 08-28 0xA8BC U+1E3F ḿ LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH ACUTE [a] 08-29 0xA8BD U+0144 ń LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE 08-30 0xA8BE U+0148 ň LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON 08-31 0xA8BF U+01F9 ǹ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE [b] 08-32 0xA8C0 U+0261 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G [c]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Mapped to the [Private Use Area](/source/Private_Use_Area) U+E7C7 by [Windows code page 936](/source/Windows-936)[11] and the first (2000) edition of [GB 18030](/source/GB_18030); this was amended by the 2005 edition.[6]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** This composed character was added in Unicode 3.0. Prior to this, this character was mapped to its composition sequence (i.e. U+006E U+0300) by Apple.[10] This change predates the stabilisation of [Unicode normalisation](/source/Unicode_normalisation) forms, which was introduced in Unicode 3.1.[12] It is mapped to U+E7C8 by [Windows code page 936](/source/Windows-936).[11]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Matches the unamended reference glyph for 03-71 (see above) in being a looped g, in spite of being typically mapped to U+0261. Mappings used for ISO-IR-165 differ (see below). GB 18030 swaps 03-71 back to the looped g, and makes this one the open g.[6]

These extensions and modifications to GB 2312 were first introduced in GB 5007.1-85 in 1985.

## GB 8565.2

GB 8565.2-88 (*Information Processing - Coded Character Sets for Text Communication - Part 2: Graphic Characters*) defines an extension for GB 2312, adding 705 characters between rows 13–15 and 90–94, of which 69 (all in row 15) are non-hanzi. It includes the GB 2312 corrections from GB 6345.1, but not its extensions.[3]

The [Unihan](/source/Unihan) database references GB 8565.2 as the mainland Chinese source of several hanzi included in [Unicode](/source/Unicode). Its Unihan source abbreviation is G8.[2]

## CCITT changes

ISO-IR-165 incorporates the GB 2312 extensions from both GB 6345.1-86 and GB 8565.2-88.[3] Additionally, it adds 161 further characters (including 139 hanzi, identified as “general Chinese characters and variants”).[3][4] These CCITT hanzi extensions have on occasion been mistaken for standard GB 8565.2 characters, including in previous revisions of the [Unihan](/source/Unihan) database.[2] In total the set contains 8446 characters.

A number of patterned [semigraphic](/source/Semigraphics) characters are included in row 6.[4] This collides with the vertical presentation forms included in other extensions such as Mac OS Simplified Chinese[10] and GB 18030.[6]

The GB 6345.1 corrections to GB 2312 are applied, but two Unicode mappings are reversed compared to other encodings which include GB 2312 with GB 6345.1 extensions. The table below shows the mappings and their corresponding glyphs including [GB 18030](/source/GB_18030):

Row-cell EUC GB 2312 (unamended)[5] GB 6345.1[9] GB 6345.1 mapping[10] ISO-IR-165[4] ISO-IR-165 mapping[13] GB 18030[6] GB 18030 mapping[6] 03-71 0xA3E7 ɡ U+FF47 ɡ U+0261 U+FF47 08-32 0xA8C0 (absent) U+0261 U+FF47 ɡ U+0261 79-81 0xEFF1 鍾 锺 U+953A 锺 U+953A 锺 U+953A

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-rfc1922_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-rfc1922_1-1) Zhu, HF.; Hu, DY.; Wang, ZG.; Kao, TC.; Chang, WCH.; Crispin, M. (1996). ["Chinese Character Encoding for Internet Messages"](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1922). *Requests for Comments*. [IETF](/source/IETF). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.17487/rfc1922](https://doi.org/10.17487%2Frfc1922). RFC 1922.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-chung_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-chung_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-chung_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-chung_2-3) Chung, Jaemin (2018-01-24). ["Pseudo-G8 characters"](https://appsrv.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~irg/irg/irg50/IRGN2276.pdf) (PDF). [ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2](/source/ISO%2FIEC_JTC_1%2FSC_2)/WG 2/[IRG](/source/Ideographic_Research_Group) N2276.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-lunde2009_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-lunde2009_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-lunde2009_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-lunde2009_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-lunde2009_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-lunde2009_3-5) [Lunde, Ken](/source/Ken_Lunde) (2009). *CJKV Information Processing: Chinese, Japanese, Korean & Vietnamese Computing* (2nd ed.). [Sebastopol, CA](/source/Sebastopol%2C_CA): [O'Reilly](/source/O'Reilly_Media). pp. 94–111. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-596-51447-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51447-1).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-iso-ir_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-iso-ir_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-iso-ir_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-iso-ir_4-3) [CCITT](/source/ITU-T) (1992-07-13). [*Codes of the Chinese graphic character set for communication*](https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/165.pdf) (PDF). ITSCJ/[IPSJ](/source/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan). [ISO-IR](/source/ISO-IR)-165.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ir58_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ir58_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-ir58_5-2) China Association for Standardization. [*Coded Chinese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange*](https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/058.pdf) (PDF). ITSCJ/[IPSJ](/source/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan). [ISO-IR](/source/ISO-IR)-58.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-gb18030_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-gb18030_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-gb18030_6-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-gb18030_6-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-gb18030_6-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-gb18030_6-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-gb18030_6-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-gb18030_6-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-gb18030_6-8) Standardization Administration of China (SAC) (2005-11-18). [*GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set*](https://archive.org/details/GB18030-2005).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ms936_9-0)** Steele, Shawn (2000). ["cp936 to Unicode table"](https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP936.TXT). [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft), [Unicode Consortium](/source/Unicode_Consortium).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cjkv-12345_10-0)** [Lunde, Ken](/source/Ken_Lunde) (1998). ["Appendix F: GB/T 12345"](https://resources.oreilly.com/examples/9781565922242/blob/master/AppF/gbt12345.pdf) (PDF). *CJKV Information Processing*. [O'Reilly Media](/source/O'Reilly_Media). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781565922242](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781565922242).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_11-1) Standardization Administration of China (SAC) (2011-01-10). [*GB/T 6345.1-2010 信息技术 汉字编码字符集(基本集) 32点阵字型 第1部分宋体*](http://archive.org/details/gb-6345.1-2010) (in Chinese (China)). China.{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-macsimpchinese_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-macsimpchinese_12-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-macsimpchinese_12-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-macsimpchinese_12-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-macsimpchinese_12-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-macsimpchinese_12-5) ["Map (external version) from Mac OS Chinese Simplified encoding to Unicode 3.0 and later"](https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/CHINSIMP.TXT). [Apple, Inc](/source/Apple%2C_Inc).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ms936-with-pua_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ms936-with-pua_13-1) [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft). ["CODEPAGE 936: PRC GBK (XGB) - ANSI, OEM"](https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WindowsBestFit/bestfit936.txt). [Unicode Consortium](/source/Unicode_Consortium).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Unicode Character Encoding Stability Policies"](https://www.unicode.org/policies/stability_policy.html). Unicode Consortium. 2017-06-23.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Viswanadha, Raghuram (2000-08-30). ["Unicode to ISO-IR-165 table"](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/refs/tags/icu-milestone-3-9-3/source/data/mappings/iso-ir-165.ucm). *[International Components for Unicode](/source/International_Components_for_Unicode)*. [IBM](/source/IBM). (Note: codes are listed in the source in 7-bit form: add 0x80 to each byte for EUC form, or subtract 0x20 for kuten form)

## External links

- [ISO-IR-165: Code of the Chinese graphic character set for communication](https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/165.pdf) (registered 1992, amended 1994)

- [Unicode mappings for ISO-IR-165](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/refs/tags/icu-milestone-3-9-3/source/data/mappings/iso-ir-165.ucm)

v t e Chinese, Japanese and Korean computing Encodings Chinese ISO-2022-CN CNS 11643 Big5 HKSCS GB 18030 GBK GB 2312 GB/T 12345 HZ ISO-IR-165 CCCII Japanese ISO-2022-JP JIS JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 Shift-JIS Korean ISO-2022-KR KS X 1001 KS X 1002 KS X 1026-1 [ko] KPS 9566 GB 12052 International EUC ISO/IEC 2022 Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs Han unification Input methods Chinese Japanese Korean Fonts List of CJK fonts

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [ISO-IR-165](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO-IR-165) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO-IR-165?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.