# IRIS (biosensor)

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**Interferometric reflectance imaging sensor** (IRIS), formerly known as the **spectral reflectance imaging biosensor** (SRIB),[1] is a system that can be used as a [biosensing](/source/Biosensor) platform capable of high-throughput multiplexing of protein–protein, protein–DNA, and DNA–DNA interactions without the use of any [fluorescent labels](/source/Fluorescent_labelling). The sensing surface is prepared by robotic spotting of biological probes that are immobilized on functionalized Si/[SiO2](/source/Silicon_dioxide) substrates. IRIS is capable of quantifying biomolecular mass accumulated on the surface.[2]

## Measurement

To perform a measurement, the sample is illuminated with multiple different wavelengths from either a [tunable laser](/source/Tunable_laser) or different color LEDs; typically speaking, a relatively narrow bandwidth optical source. The reflection intensity is imaged using a [CCD](/source/Charge-coupled_device) or [CMOS](/source/CMOS) camera. By using interferometric techniques, [nanometer](/source/Nanometer) changes can be detected.

## Applications

Applications for IRIS include microarray format [immunoassays](/source/Immunoassay), single nucleotide polymorphism ([SNP](/source/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism))[3] detection, pathogen detection and bio-defense monitoring, kinetic analysis of biomolecular interactions, and general biomolecular interaction studies for research applications.

## References

1. E. Ozkumur et al. (2008). "Label-free and dynamic detection of biomolecular interactions for high-throughput microarray applications". *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*. **105** (23): 7988–7992. [Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.7988O](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PNAS..105.7988O). [doi:10.1073/pnas.0711421105](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711421105). [PMC 2430348](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2430348). [PMID 18523019](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18523019)

1. E. Ozkumur et al. (2009). "Quantification of DNA and protein adsorption by optical phase shift". *Biosensors and Bioelectronics*. **25** (1): 167–172. [doi:10.1016/j.bios.2009.06.033](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2009.06.033). [PMC 2750076](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2750076). [PMID 19628383](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19628383)

1. E. Ozkumur et al. (2010). "Label-free microarray imaging for direct detection of DNA hybridization and single-nucleotide mismatches". *Biosensors and Bioelectronics*. **25** (7): 1789–1795. [doi:10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.032](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.032). [PMC 2824047](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824047). [PMID 20097056](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20097056)

## External links

- [IRIS homepage](https://web.archive.org/web/20190310022935/http://ultra.bu.edu/projects.asp?project=iris)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [IRIS (biosensor)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS_(biosensor)) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS_(biosensor)?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.