# IEEE 802.3
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{{Short description|Collection of standards for wired Ethernet}}
{{about|the standards working group|Ethernet frame data format|Ethernet frame}}
'''IEEE 802.3''' is a [working group](/source/working_group) and a collection of standards defining the [physical layer](/source/physical_layer) and [data link layer](/source/data_link_layer)'s [media access control](/source/media_access_control) (MAC) of wired [Ethernet](/source/Ethernet). The standards are produced by the working group of the [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers](/source/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers) (IEEE). This set of standards generally applies to [local area network](/source/local_area_network)s (LANs) and [metropolitan area network](/source/metropolitan_area_network)s.[{{cite book |publisher=[IEEE-SA](/source/IEEE-SA) |date=29 July 2022 |doi=10.1109/IEEESTD.2022.9844436 | url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9844436|title=“IEEE Standard for Ethernet” in IEEE Std 802.3-2022 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2018)|chapter=Introduction|page=167 }}] It also has some applications to [access networks](/source/access_networks) and [wide area network](/source/wide_area_network) (WAN) applications. The international standard IEEE/ISO/IEC 8802-3-2021 was adopted from 802.3-2018.[{{cite web |author=IEEE/ISO/IEC 8802-3-2021 |date= 24 Feb 2021|title=ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Telecommunications and exchange between information technology systems--Requirements for local and metropolitan area networks--Part 3: Standard for Ethernet |url=https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/8802-3/10556/ |website=IEEE Standards Association |publisher=IEEE |access-date=23 May 2026}}]
Physical connections are made between network nodes and, usually, various network infrastructure devices ([hub](/source/Ethernet_hub)s, [switches](/source/Network_switch), [router](/source/router_(computing))s) by various types of copper cables or [optical fiber](/source/optical_fiber).
802.3 standards support the [IEEE 802.1](/source/IEEE_802.1) network architecture.
802.3 also defines a LAN access method using [carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection](/source/carrier-sense_multiple_access_with_collision_detection) (CSMA/CD).
==Communication standards==
The IEEE 802 Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Committee was formed in 1980 to create a single standard for the lower layers of a local or metropolitan area network. At the time, there were three approaches to local area networking: IBM’s token ring, the DEC-Intel-Xerox Ethernet, and the token bus. Because the group could not agree on a single approach, three working groups were formed, 802.3 for Ethernet (called CSMA/CD), 802.4 for token bus, and 802.5 for token ring. An Ethernet network had already been implemented at Xerox Parc to connect Alto computers to a laser printer in 1973. In 1980, Digital, Intel, and Xerox published a “standard” called the DIX standard.[{{cite journal |author1=Digital Equipment Corporation |author2=Intel Corporation |author3=Xerox Corporation |title=The ethernet: a local area network: data link layer and physical layer specifications |journal=ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1015591.1015594|date=July 1981 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=20–66 |doi=10.1145/1015591.1015594 |url-access=subscription }}] In 1982, they published a second version.[{{Cite report |url=http://decnet.ipv7.net/docs/dundas/aa-k759b-tk.pdf |title=The Ethernet, A Local Area Network. Data Link Layer and Physical Layer Specifications, Version 2.0 |date=November 1982 |author1=Digital Equipment Corporation |author2=Intel Corporation |author3=Xerox Corporation |publisher=Xerox Corporation |access-date=December 10, 2011 |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215224455/http://decnet.ipv7.net/docs/dundas/aa-k759b-tk.pdf |url-status=live }}] The first IEEE Standard for the CSMA/CD approach was based on the DIX standard.[{{cite web |author= |date=May 20, 2024 |title= Milestones:Origin of the IEEE 802 Family of Networking Standards, 1980-1999|url=https://ethw.org/Milestones:Origin_of_the_IEEE_802_Family_of_Networking_Standards,_1980-1999 |website=Engineering and Technology History Wiki |access-date=Jan 19, 2026}}] The original IEEE standard for Ethernet was named
"IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications” and subsequent standards were named similarly, until 2012 when it became simply “Standard for Ethernet”. This was because of sensitivities around using a commercial product as the basis for a standard.[{{cite book |title=Ethernet: The Definitive Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/ethernetdefiniti0000spur |url-access=registration |author=Charles E. Spurgeon |publisher=O'Reilly |isbn=978-1-56592-660-8 |year=2000}}]
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
!Ethernet standard
!data-sort-type="number" | IEEE approval date
!Description
|-
|802.3-1985
|1983-06
|[10BASE5](/source/10BASE5) {{nowrap|10 Mbit/s}} ({{nowrap|1.25 MB/s}}) over thick coax. First edition of the IEEE 802.3 standard. Approved by IEEE in 1983, approved by ANSI in 1984, and published in 1985. Same as Ethernet II (above) except Type field is replaced by Length, and an [802.2](/source/802.2) LLC header follows the 802.3 header. Based on the [CSMA/CD](/source/CSMA%2FCD) media access method.
|-
|[802.3a](/source/802.3a)
|1985-11
|[10BASE2](/source/10BASE2) {{nowrap|10 Mbit/s}} ({{nowrap|1.25 MB/s}}) over thin coax (a.k.a. ''thinnet'' or ''cheapernet'')
|-
|[802.3b](/source/802.3b)
|1985-09
|[10BROAD36](/source/10BROAD36)
|-
|802.3c
|1985-12
|10 Mbit/s ({{nowrap|1.25 MB/s}}) repeater specifications
|-
|[802.3d](/source/802.3d)
|1987-12
|[Fiber-optic inter-repeater link](/source/Fiber-optic_inter-repeater_link)
|-
|[802.3e](/source/802.3e)
|1987-06
|[1BASE5](/source/1BASE5) or [StarLAN](/source/StarLAN), first use of (voice-grade) [twisted pair](/source/twisted_pair) cabling, {{nowrap|1 Mbit/s}}, maximum reach of 250 to 500 m
|-
|802.3h
|1990-09
|10 Mbit/s layer management, DTEs
|-
|[802.3i](/source/802.3i)
|1990-09
|[10BASE-T](/source/10BASE-T) {{nowrap|10 Mbit/s}} ({{nowrap|1.25 MB/s}}) over twisted pair
|-
|[802.3j](/source/802.3j)
|1992-09
|[10BASE-F](/source/10BASE-F) {{nowrap|10 Mbit/s}} ({{nowrap|1.25 MB/s}}) over [optical fiber](/source/optical_fiber)
|-
|802.3k
|1992-09
|10 Mbit/s layer management, repeaters
|-
|802.3m
|1995-09
|Maintenance
|-
|802.3n
|1995-09
|Maintenance
|-
|802.3q
|1993-06
|[GDMO](/source/GDMO) ([ISO/IEC 10165-4](/source/List_of_ISO_standards_10000%E2%80%9311999)) format for Layer Managed Objects
|-
|802.3r
|1996-07
|10BASE5 Medium Attachment Unit PICS
|-
|802.3s
|1995-09
|Maintenance
|-
|802.3t
|1995-06
|120 Ω informative annex for 10BASE-T
|-
|[802.3u](/source/802.3u)
|1995-06
|[100BASE-TX](/source/100BASE-TX), [100BASE-T4](/source/100BASE-T4), [100BASE-FX](/source/100BASE-FX) Fast Ethernet at {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}} ({{nowrap|12.5 MB/s}}) with [autonegotiation](/source/autonegotiation)
|-
|802.3v
|1995-12
|150 Ω informative annex for 10BASE-T
|-
|[802.3x](/source/802.3x)
|1997-03
|Full duplex and [flow control](/source/Ethernet_flow_control); also incorporates DIX framing, so there's no longer a DIX/802.3 split
|-
|[802.3y](/source/802.3y)
|1997-03
|[100BASE-T2](/source/100BASE-T2) {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}} ({{nowrap|12.5 MB/s}}) over voice-grade twisted pair
|-
|[802.3z](/source/802.3z)
|1998-06
|[1000BASE-X](/source/1000BASE-X) {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}} ({{nowrap|125 MB/s}}) Ethernet over optical fiber
|-
|802.3-1998
|1998-06
|(802.3aa) A revision of the base standard incorporating earlier amendments and errata
|-
|[802.3ab](/source/802.3ab)
|1999-06
|[1000BASE-T](/source/1000BASE-T) {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}} ({{nowrap|125 MB/s}}) Ethernet over twisted pair
|-
|[802.3ac](/source/802.3ac)
|1998-09
|Max frame size extended to 1522 bytes (to allow "Q-tag"). The Q-tag includes [802.1Q](/source/802.1Q) [VLAN](/source/VLAN) information and [802.1p](/source/802.1p) priority information.
|-
|[802.3ad](/source/802.3ad)
|2000-03
|[Link aggregation](/source/Link_aggregation) for parallel links, since moved to [IEEE 802.1AX](/source/IEEE_802.1AX)
|-
|802.3-2002
|2002-01
|(802.3ag) A revision of the base standard incorporating the three prior amendments and errata
|-
|[802.3ae](/source/802.3ae)
|2002-06
|[10 Gigabit Ethernet](/source/10_Gigabit_Ethernet) over fiber: 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-ER, 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW, 10GBASE-EW
|-
|[802.3af](/source/802.3af)
|2003-06
| [Power over Ethernet](/source/Power_over_Ethernet) (15.4 W)
|-
|[802.3ah](/source/802.3ah)
|2004-06
|[Ethernet in the first mile](/source/Ethernet_in_the_first_mile)
|-
|[802.3ak](/source/802.3ak)
|2004-02
|[10GBASE-CX4](/source/10GBASE-CX4) {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}} ({{nowrap|1,250 MB/s}}) Ethernet over [twinaxial cable](/source/twinaxial_cable)s
|-
|802.3-2005
|2005-06
|(802.3am) A revision of the base standard incorporating the four prior amendments and errata
|-
|[802.3an](/source/802.3an)
|2006-06
|[10GBASE-T](/source/10GBASE-T) {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}} ({{nowrap|1,250 MB/s}}) Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
|-
|802.3ap
|2007-03
|[Backplane](/source/Backplane) Ethernet (1 and {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}} (125 and {{nowrap|1,250 MB/s}}) over [printed circuit board](/source/printed_circuit_board)s)
|-
|[802.3aq](/source/802.3aq)
|2006-09
|[10GBASE-LRM](/source/10GBASE-LRM) {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}} ({{nowrap|1,250 MB/s}}) Ethernet over multimode fiber
|-
|P802.3ar
|canceled
|Congestion management (withdrawn)
|-
|802.3as
|2006-09
|Frame expansion
|-
|[802.3at](/source/802.3at)
|2009-09
| [Power over Ethernet](/source/Power_over_Ethernet) enhancements (25.5 W)
|-
|[802.3au](/source/802.3au)
|2006-06
|Isolation requirements for Power over Ethernet (802.3-2005/Cor 1)
|-
|[802.3av](/source/802.3av)
|2009-09
|10 Gbit/s [EPON](/source/Ethernet_passive_optical_network)
|-
|802.3aw
|2007-06
|Fixed an equation in the publication of 10GBASE-T (released as 802.3-2005/Cor 2)
|-
|802.3ax
|2008-11
|Link aggregation – moved to and approved as [802.1AX](/source/802.1AX)
|-
|802.3-2008
|2008-12
|(802.3ay) A revision of the base standard incorporating the 802.3an/ap/aq/as amendments, two corrigenda and errata
|-
|[802.3az](/source/802.3az)
|2010-09
|[Energy-Efficient Ethernet](/source/Energy-Efficient_Ethernet)
|-
|[802.3ba](/source/802.3ba)
|2010-06
|40 Gbit/s and {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}} Ethernet. {{nowrap|40 Gbit/s}} over a 1 m backplane, 10 m Cu cable assembly (4×25 Gbit/s or 10×10 Gbit/s lanes) and 100 m of [multi-mode optical fiber](/source/multi-mode_optical_fiber), and {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}} over 10 m of Cu cable assembly, 100 m of multi-mode optical fiber and 40 km of [single-mode optical fiber](/source/single-mode_optical_fiber)
|-
|802.3-2008/Cor 1
|2009-12
|(802.3bb) Increase Pause Reaction Delay timings which are insufficient for {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}} (Working group name was ''802.3bb''.)
|-
|802.3bc
|2009-09
|Move and update Ethernet-related TLVs (type, length, values), previously specified in Annex F of [IEEE 802.1AB](/source/IEEE_802.1AB) (LLDP) to 802.3
|-
|802.3bd
|2011-06
|Priority-based Flow Control. An amendment by the [IEEE 802.1](/source/IEEE_802.1) [Data Center Bridging](/source/Data_Center_Bridging) Task Group (802.1Qbb) to develop an amendment to IEEE Std 802.3 to add a MAC Control Frame to support IEEE 802.1Qbb Priority-based Flow Control.
|-
|802.3.1
|2011-05
|(802.3be) MIB definitions for Ethernet. It consolidates the Ethernet-related [MIBs](/source/Management_Information_Base) present in Annex 30A&B, various [IETF](/source/IETF) [RFC](/source/Request_for_Comments)s, and 802.1AB annex F into one master document with a machine-readable extract. (Working group name was ''P802.3be''.)
|-
|802.3bf
|2011-05
|Provides an accurate indication of the transmission and reception initiation times of certain packets as required to support IEEE P802.1AS
|-
|802.3bg
|2011-03
|Provide a {{nowrap|40 Gbit/s}} [PMD](/source/Physical_Medium_Dependent) which is optically compatible with existing carrier [SMF](/source/Single-mode_optical_fiber) {{nowrap|40 Gbit/s}} client interfaces ([OTU3](/source/OTU3)/[STM-256](/source/STM-256)/[OC-768](/source/OC-768)/[40G POS](/source/Packet_over_SONET)).
|-
|802.3-2012
|2012-08
|(802.3bh) A revision of the base standard incorporating the 802.3at/av/az/ba/bc/bd/bf/bg amendments, corrigenda and errata.
|-
|802.3bj
|2014-06
|Defines a four-lane {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}} backplane PHY for operation over links consistent with copper traces on "improved FR-4" (as defined by IEEE P802.3ap or better materials to be defined by the Task Force) with lengths up to at least 1 m and a four-lane {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}} PHY for operation over links consistent with copper [twinaxial cable](/source/twinaxial_cable)s with lengths up to at least 5 m
|-
|802.3bk
|2013-08
|This amendment to IEEE Std 802.3 defines the physical-layer specifications and management parameters for EPON operation on point-to-multipoint passive optical networks supporting extended power budget classes of PX30, PX40, PRX40, and PR40 PMDs.
|-
|802.3bm
|2015-02
|[100G/40G Ethernet](/source/100_Gigabit_Ethernet) for optical fiber
|-
|802.3bn
|2016-09
|10G-[EPON](/source/Ethernet_passive_optical_network) and 10GPASS-XR, passive optical networks over coax
|-
|802.3bp
|2016-06[{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee802.org/3/bp/ |title=IEEE P802.3bp 1000BASE-T1 PHY Task Force |date=2016-07-29 |access-date=2016-10-02}}]
|[1000BASE-T1](/source/1000BASE-T1) – Gigabit Ethernet over a single twisted pair for automotive & industrial environments
|-
|802.3bq
|2016-06[{{Cite web|url=http://www.ieee802.org/3/NGBASET/email/msg00972.html | publisher = IEEE | title = Approval of IEEE Std 802.3by-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bq-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bp-2016 and IEEE Std 802.3br-2016 |date=2016-06-30}}.]
|[25GBASE-T](/source/25GBASE-T)/[40GBASE-T](/source/40GBASE-T) Ethernet for four-pair balanced–twisted-pair cabling with two connectors over 30 m distances
|-
|802.3br
|2016-06
|Specification and Management Parameters for Interspersing Express Traffic
|-
|802.3bs
|2017-12
|[200GbE](/source/200GbE) ({{nowrap|200 Gbit/s}}) over single-mode fiber and [400GbE](/source/400GbE) ({{nowrap|400 Gbit/s}}) over optical physical media
|-
|[802.3bt](/source/802.3bt)
|2018-09
| Third generation [Power over Ethernet](/source/Power_over_Ethernet) with up to 100 W using four pairs in balanced–twisted-pair cabling (''4PPoE''), including 10GBASE-T, lower standby power and specific enhancements to support IoT applications (e.g. lighting, sensors, building automation).
|-
|[802.3bu](/source/802.3bu)
|2016-12
|[Power over Data Lines (PoDL)](/source/PoE) for single twisted pair Ethernet ([100BASE-T1](/source/100BASE-T1))
|-
|802.3bv
|2017-02
|Gigabit Ethernet over [plastic optical fiber (POF)](/source/Plastic_optical_fiber)
|-
|802.3bw
| 2015-10[{{Cite web|url=http://www.ieee802.org/3/bw/ |title=IEEE P802.3bw 100BASE-T1 Task Force|date=2015-10-27|quote=The work of the IEEE P802.3bw 100BASE-T1 Task Force completed with the approval of IEEE Std 802.3bw-2015 by the IEEE-SA Standards Board on 27 October 2015.}}]
|[100BASE-T1](/source/100BASE-T1){{dash}}100 Mbit/s Ethernet over a single twisted pair for automotive applications
|-
| 802.3-2015
| 2015-09
| 802.3bx{{dash}}A new consolidated revision of the 802.3 standard including amendments 802.3bk/bj/bm
|-
|[802.3by](/source/802.3by)
|2016-06[{{Cite web|url=http://www.ieee802.org/3/25GSG/email/msg00556.html |title=[STDS-802-3-25G] IEEE Std 802.3by-2016 Standard Approved!|date=2016-06-30}}]
| [Optical fiber](/source/Optical_fiber), twinax and backplane [25 Gigabit Ethernet](/source/25_Gigabit_Ethernet)[{{Citation | url = http://www.ieee802.org/3/by/ | publisher = IEEE | title = P802.3by {{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}} Ethernet Task Force}}.]
|-
|802.3bz
|2016-09[{{Cite web|title=[802.3_NGBASET] FW: Approval of IEEE Std 802.3bz 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T |publisher=IEEE P802.3bz Task Force |url=http://www.ieee802.org/3/NGBASET/email/msg00996.html |access-date=2016-09-24}}]
| [2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T](/source/2.5GBASE-T_and_5GBASE-T){{dash}}2.5 Gigabit/s and {{nowrap|5 Gigabit/s}} Ethernet over [Cat-5e](/source/Cat-5e)/[Cat-6](/source/Cat-6) twisted-pair cable
|-
|802.3ca
|2020-06
|25G-EPON and 50G-EPON{{dash}}Downstream/Upstream rates of 25/10, 25/25, 50/10, 50/25, 50/50 Gbit/s over [Ethernet](/source/Ethernet) [Passive Optical Network](/source/Passive_Optical_Network)s
|-
|802.3cb
|2018-09
|2.5 Gbit/s and {{nowrap|5 Gbit/s}} Operation over Backplane
|-
|802.3cc
|2017-12
|25 Gbit/s over Single-Mode Fiber
|-
|802.3cd
|2018-12
|Media Access Control Parameters for {{nowrap|50 Gbit/s}} and Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 50, 100, and {{nowrap|200 Gbit/s}} Operation
|-
|802.3ce
|2017-03
|Multilane Timestamping
|-
|802.3.2-2019
|2019-03
|802.3cf, YANG Data Model Definitions
|-
|[802.3cg](/source/802.3cg)
|2019-11
|[10BASE-T1L](/source/Advanced_Physical_Layer) and [10BASE-T1S](/source/10BASE-T1S){{dash}}10 Mbit/s Single–twisted-pair Ethernet
|-
|[802.3ch](/source/802.3ch)
|2020-06
|[MultiGigBASE-T1](/source/MultiGigBASE-T1) Automotive Ethernet (2.5, 5, {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}}) over 15 m with optional PoDL
|-
|802.3-2018
|2018-08
|802.3cj{{dash}}802.3-2015 maintenance, incorporating recent amendments bn/bp/bq/br/bs/bu/bv/bw/by/bz/cc/ce
|-
|802.3ck
|2022-09
|100, 200, and {{nowrap|400 Gbit/s}} Ethernet using {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}} lanes, chaired by Beth Kochuparambil[{{cite web |url=https://www.ieee802.org/3/contacts.html#NGBIDI | title=IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Task Force, Study Group, and Ad Hoc Officers |publisher=IEEE |date=30 April 2021 |access-date=2021-05-26}}]
|-
|802.3cm
|2020-01
|400 Gbit/s over multimode fiber (four and eight pairs, 100 m)
|-
|802.3cn
|2019-11
|50 Gbit/s (40 km), {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}} (80 km), {{nowrap|200 Gbit/s}} (four λ, 40 km), and {{nowrap|400 Gbit/s}} (eight λ, 40 km and single λ, 80 km over [DWDM](/source/DWDM)) over single-mode fiber and DWDM
|-
|802.3cp
|2021-06
|10/25/50 Gbit/s single-strand optical access with at least 10/20/40 km reach, chaired by [Frank Effenberger](/source/Frank_Effenberger)[{{cite web | url = https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.3cy/10280/ | title = Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for {{nowrap|25 Gb/s}} – Electrical Automotive Ethernet | publisher = IEEE | date = 2023-08-11 | access-date = 2023-09-01 | archive-date = 2023-09-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230901155233/https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.3cy/10280/ | url-status = dead }}] chaired by Steve Carlson