# IC 860

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Galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices

IC 860 SDSS image of IC 860 Observation data (J2000 epoch) Constellation Coma Berenices Right ascension 13h 15m 03.50s Declination +24° 37′ 07.79″ Redshift 0.012909 Heliocentric radial velocity 3,870 km/s Distance 155 Mly (47.52 Mpc) Apparent magnitude (V) 0.044 Apparent magnitude (B) 0.057 Characteristics Type Sa, HII;LIRG Size 35,000 ly Apparent size (V) 0.5' × 0.3' Notable features luminous infrared galaxy Other designations CGCG 130-023, IRAS 13126+2452, ECO 03976, MCG +04-31-015, PGC 46086

**IC 860** is a [barred spiral galaxy](/source/Barred_spiral_galaxy) in the constellation of [Coma Berenices](/source/Coma_Berenices). It is located 155 million [light years](/source/Light-year) away from [Earth](/source/Earth).[1] It was discovered on June 16, 1892, by [Stephan Javelle](/source/St%C3%A9phane_Javelle), a French [astronomer](/source/Astronomer).[2] It is a peculiar galaxy.[3]

IC 860 is classified a nearby post-[starburst galaxy](/source/Starburst_galaxy), in early stages of transforming into its quiescent state.[4] It is also vibrationally excited HCN [luminous infrared galaxy](/source/Luminous_infrared_galaxy) (LIRG) with LHCN -VIB/LIR of 3.2 × 10−8. It has a dust obscured nucleus making it hard to determine whether it is a [starburst galaxy](/source/Starburst_galaxy) or an [active galactic nucleus](/source/Active_galactic_nucleus) (AGN).[5] In additional, the galaxy contains HI and OH absorption towards its central region. The galaxy has an implied mass of MSMBH of 4 × 107 MΘ based on its velocity [rotation](/source/Rotation) of vrot = 226 km s−1. The [Eddington luminosity](/source/Eddington_luminosity) of IC 860 is 2 × 1012 LΘ.[6]

According to low [C II] 157.7 μm-to-LFIR ratios and by a mid-infrared [silicate](/source/Silicate) absorption, the findings suggest IC 860 does have a warm compact region. The region of the galaxy, is in a current phase of rapid evolution where inflows are accumulating column [densities](/source/Density) of [interstellar dust](/source/Cosmic_dust) and gas, sufficient to fuel its [star formation](/source/Star_formation) or its AGN.[6]

IC 860 was also observed in optical imaging. From the results, the galaxy has a massive V-shaped [kiloparsec](/source/Parsec) dust structure. As the nuclear gas only has an outflow [velocity](/source/Velocity) of vout = 170 – 200 km s−1, this makes it impossible to escape from the galaxy unless being accelerated.[6]

In another study, IC 860 contains 4.83 GHz [formaldehyde](/source/Formaldehyde) emission with a peak [flux](/source/Flux) density of 2.0-2.2 [mJy](/source/Jansky) based from observations made by [Arecibo Observatory](/source/Arecibo_Observatory). It is found to have three unique emission compartments centered between 3830 and 3990 km s−1.[7]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Your NED Search Results"](https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=33643&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1). *ned.ipac.caltech.edu*. Retrieved 21 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Index Catalog Objects: IC 850 - 899"](https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ic8a.htm#ic860). *cseligman.com*. Retrieved 21 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Kazes, I.; Karoji, H.; Sofue, Y.; Nakai, N.; Handa, T. (1988-05-01). ["A most peculiar galaxy : IC 860"](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988A&A...197L..22K/abstract). *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **197**: L22–L24. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1988A&A...197L..22K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988A&A...197L..22K). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6361](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Luo, Yuanze; Rowlands, Kate; Alatalo, Katherine; Sazonova, Elizaveta; Abdurro'uf; Heckman, Timothy; Medling, Anne M.; Deustua, Susana E.; Nyland, Kristina; Lanz, Lauranne; Petric, Andreea O.; Otter, Justin A.; Aalto, Susanne; Dimassimo, Sabrina; French, K. Decker (2022-10-01). ["A Multiwavelength View of IC 860: What Is in Action inside Quenching Galaxies"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fac8b7d). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **938** (1): 63. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2208.08379](https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.08379). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2022ApJ...938...63L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ApJ...938...63L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b7d](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fac8b7d). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-637X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Gorski, M. D.; Aalto, S.; König, S.; Wethers, C.; Yang, C.; Muller, S.; [Viti, S.](/source/Serena_Viti); Black, J. H.; Onishi, K.; Sato, M. (February 2023). ["The opaque heart of the galaxy IC 860: Analogous protostellar, kinematics, morphology, and chemistry"](https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245166). *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **670**: A70. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2210.04499](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.04499). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2023A&A...670A..70G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...670A..70G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202245166](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202245166). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[1887/3717999](https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F3717999). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6361](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_6-2) Aalto, S.; Muller, S.; König, S.; Falstad, N.; Mangum, J.; Sakamoto, K.; Privon, G. C.; Gallagher, J.; Combes, F.; García-Burillo, S.; Martín, S.; [Viti, S.](/source/Serena_Viti); van der Werf, P.; Evans, A. S.; Black, J. H. (July 2019). ["The hidden heart of the luminous infrared galaxy IC 860"](https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935480). *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **627**: A147. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1905.07275](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07275). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201935480](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201935480). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6361](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Baan, Willem A.; An, Tao; Klöckner, Hans-Rainer; Thomasson, Peter (2017-04-17). ["The emission structure of formaldehyde megamasers"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstx895). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **469** (1): 916–929. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1704.07337](https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.07337). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/stx895](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstx895). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

v t e Constellation of Coma Berenices List of stars in Coma Berenices Coma Berenices in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Diadem) β γ Flamsteed 7 11 12 13 14 16 17 21 23 (Phyllon Kissinou) 24 31 35 36 37 41 Variable FK GP IN LW HR 4668 HD 107146 108863 108874 110067 114762 b 115404 116029 Other 2MASS J12195156+3128497 KELT-6 WASP-56 WISE 1217+1626 Exoplanets HD 108874 b c KELT-6b Star clusters Coma Star Cluster Messier 53 NGC 4147 NGC 5053 Nebulae LoTr 5 Galaxies Messier 64 (Black Eye Galaxy) 85 88 91 98 99 100 NGC 4014 4015 4017 4053 4056 4060 4061 4065 4066 4070 4072 4074 4076 4084 4086 4089 4090 4091 4092 4093 4095 4098 4136 4146 4150 4162 4185 4189 4203 4211 4212 4213 4222 4237 4245 4253 4262 4274 4278 4293 4298 4302 4308 4310 4312 4314 4323 4328 4340 4359 4375 4383 4393 4394 4414 4419 4448 4450 4455 4459 4468 4473 4474 4475 4477 4479 4489 4494 4495 4498 4502 4506 4515 4516 4523 4525 4540 4555 4556 4558 4559 4561 4565 4571 4585 4595 4611 4614 4615 4633 4634 4651 4659 4670 4673 4676 (Mice Galaxies) 4689 4692 4710 4712 4725 4747 4839 4848 4860 4869 4871 4872 4873 4874 4875 4876 4881 4883 4886 4889 4892 4895 4907 4911 4919 4921 4944 5000 5004 5012 5032 5056 5172 Other 3C 275.1 3C 287 Arp 60 Coma Berenices Dragonfly 44 IC 755 (NGC 4019) IC 831 IC 860 IC 3505 IC 3528 IC 4040 IC 4051 IOK-1 IRAS F12032+1707 LEDA 83677 M85-HCC1 Malin 1 PGC 44691 PKS 1155+251 PKS 1222+216 VIRGOHI21 ZwCl 1305.4+2941 BCG Galaxy clusters Abell 1413 Coma I Coma Cluster Coma Supercluster M94 Group NGC 4065 Group NGC 4631 Group Astronomical events GRB 050509B iPTF14atg SN 1940B SN 1979C SN 2005ap SN 2006X SN 2020oi Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [IC 860](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_860) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_860?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.