# IC 4040

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/IC_4040
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/IC_4040.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_4040
> Source revision: 1349153875
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

IC 4040 Sloan Digital Sky Survey of IC 4040 Observation data (J2000 epoch) Constellation Coma Berenices Right ascension 13h 00m 37.9s Declination +28d 03m 26.50s Redshift 0.025530 Heliocentric radial velocity 7,556 km/s Distance 353 Mly (108.2 Mpc) Group or cluster Coma Cluster Apparent magnitude (V) 14.76 Characteristics Type Sdm, HII Size 105,000 ly Other designations PGC 44789, CGCG 160-252, MCG +05-31-085, 2MASX J13003794+2803266, 74W 019, SDSS J130037.78+280326.8, IRAS F12582+2819, CG 0954, NSA 162814, 5C 04.108, NVSS J130037+280323, WBL 426-106, AGC 221406, FOCA 0388, LEDA 44789

**IC 4040** is a type SABc [spiral galaxy](/source/Spiral_galaxy) with a bar[1] in [Coma Berenices](/source/Coma_Berenices).[2] It is located 353 million [light-years](/source/Light-year) away from the [Solar System](/source/Solar_System) and has an estimated [diameter](/source/Diameter) of 105,000 light-years making it slightly larger than the [Milky Way](/source/Milky_Way).[3] IC 4040 was discovered on April 12, 1891, by [Guillaume Bigourdan](/source/Guillaume_Bigourdan)[4] and is a member of the [Coma Cluster](/source/Coma_Cluster).[5]

## Characteristics

IC 4040 is considered a [jellyfish galaxy](/source/Jellyfish_galaxy)[6] due to its close proximity to the cluster where gas is stripped from the galaxy by the action of [ram pressure](/source/Ram_pressure).[7] A radio continuum tail can be seen extending outwards from the galaxy, showing widespread occurrence of relativistic electrons and magnetic fields which is being removed by pressure.[7] The stripped electrons are re-accelerated by turbulence and ICM shocks or by new [supernovae](/source/Supernova), since massive stars can be found in [H II regions](/source/H_II_region) that are located in its ram pressure stripped tail.[7]

According to studies, extended [ionized gas](/source/Plasma_(physics)) can be found surrounding IC 4040. This shows increased radial velocities which reaches up between 400 and 800 [kilometer per seconds](/source/Metre_per_second) within distance from the nucleus of the galaxy.[8] Not to mention, a low velocity filament is found at the southeastern edge of IC 4040 which exhibits blue continuum and strong Hα emission. The widths exceeds 200 Å and much more compared to 1000 Å for some knots, indicating the intensive activity of [star formation](/source/Star_formation).[8] Some of these filaments show signs of shock [emission-line spectra](/source/Spectral_line) suggesting [shock heating](/source/Shock_wave) plays an important function in excitation and ionization of extended ionized gas.[8] IC 4040 also presents a strong [radio source](/source/Astronomical_radio_source) compared to galaxies of type E/SO.[9]

## Supernovae

Two [supernovae](/source/Supernova) have been discovered in IC 4040 so far: PTF11gdh in 2011 and SN 2022jo in 2022.

### PTF11gdh

PTF11gdh was discovered on June 21, 2011, in IC 4040 by [Palomar Transient Factory](/source/Palomar_Transient_Factory).[10] The supernova was located 0" east and 0" south of the nucleus.[10] The supernova was [Type la](/source/Type_Ia_supernova).[10][11]

### SN 2022jo

SN 2022jo[12] was discovered in IC 4040 on January 9, 2022, by a group of [astronomers](/source/Astronomer); Chunpeng Bi, Jianlin Xu, Mi Zhang, Jingyuan Zhao, Guoyou Sun, Jiangao Ruan and Wenjie Zhou from [Xingming Observatory](/source/Xingming_Observatory).[13] SN 2022jo was found at Right Ascension (13hr 00min 37s .666) and Declination (+28 degrees 0.3' 25".71). It was located 0".0 east and 0".0 north of the nucleus.[14] The supernova was [Type II](/source/Type_II_supernova).[13]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["HyperLeda -object description"](http://atlas.obs-hp.fr/hyperleda/ledacat.cgi?o=IC%204040). *atlas.obs-hp.fr*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["IC 4040 - Intermediate Spiral Galaxy in Coma Berenices | TheSkyLive.com"](https://theskylive.com/sky/deepsky/ic4040-object). *theskylive.com*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Your NED Search Results"](https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=58749&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1). *ned.ipac.caltech.edu*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Index Catalog Objects: IC 4000 - 4049"](https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ic40.htm#ic4040). *cseligman.com*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["The Coma Berenices galaxy cluster, best in April and May"](https://earthsky.org/clusters-nebulae-galaxies/the-coma-berenices-galaxy-cluster/). *earthsky.org*. 2023-04-13. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Roberts, I. D.; Weeren, R. J. van; McGee, S. L.; Botteon, A.; Drabent, A.; Ignesti, A.; Rottgering, H. J. A.; Shimwell, T. W.; Tasse, C. (2021-06-01). ["LoTSS jellyfish galaxies - I. Radio tails in low redshift clusters"](https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2021/06/aa40784-21/aa40784-21.html). *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **650**: A111. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2104.05383](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.05383). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2021A&A...650A.111R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021A&A...650A.111R). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202140784](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202140784). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6361](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_7-2) Hao, Chen; Ming, Sun; Masafumi, Yagi; Hector, Bravo-Alfaro; Elias, Brinks; Jeffrey, Kenney; Francoise, Combes; Suresh, Sivanandam; Pavel, Jachym; Matteo, Fossati; Giuseppe, Gavazzi; Alessandro, Boselli; Paul, Nulsen; Craig, Sarazin; Chong, Ge; Michitoshi, Yoshida; Elke, Roediger (21 August 2020). ["The ram pressure stripped radio tails of galaxies in the Coma cluster"](https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/496/4/4654/5866506?login=false). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **496** (4): 4654. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2004.06743](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.06743). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2020MNRAS.496.4654C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020MNRAS.496.4654C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/staa1868](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstaa1868). Retrieved 2024-04-27.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_8-2) Yoshida, Michitoshi; Yagi, Masafumi; Komiyama, Yutaka; Furusawa, Hisanori; Kashikawa, Nobunari; Hattori, Takashi; Okamura, Sadanori (March 2012). ["KINEMATICS AND EXCITATION OF THE RAM PRESSURE STRIPPED IONIZED GAS FILAMENTS IN THE COMA CLUSTER OF GALAXIES*"](https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/43). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **749** (1): 43. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1202.1044](https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.1044). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012ApJ...749...43Y](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...749...43Y). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/43](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F749%2F1%2F43). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-637X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Willson, M. A. G. (1970). ["1970MNRAS.151....1W Page 1"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F151.1.1). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **151**: 1. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1970MNRAS.151....1W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970MNRAS.151....1W). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/151.1.1](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F151.1.1).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_10-2) ["Bright Supernovae - 2011"](https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2011/index.html#PTF11gdh). *www.rochesterastronomy.org*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Pan, Yen-Chen (2020). ["High-velocity Type Ia Supernova Has a Unique Host Environment"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Fab8e47). *The Astrophysical Journal Letters*. **895** (1): L5. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2004.14544](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.14544). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2020ApJ...895L...5P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...895L...5P). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/2041-8213/ab8e47](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Fab8e47).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Welcome to the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"](https://www.swift.psu.edu/toop/too_detail.php?id=16870). *www.swift.psu.edu*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_13-1) ["SN 2022jo | Transient Name Server"](https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2022jo). *www.wis-tns.org*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Bright Supernovae - 2022"](https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2022/index.html). *www.rochesterastronomy.org*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

v t e Constellation of Coma Berenices List of stars in Coma Berenices Coma Berenices in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Diadem) β γ Flamsteed 7 11 12 13 14 16 17 21 23 (Phyllon Kissinou) 24 31 35 36 37 41 Variable FK GP IN LW HR 4668 HD 107146 108863 108874 110067 114762 b 115404 116029 Other 2MASS J12195156+3128497 KELT-6 WASP-56 WISE 1217+1626 Exoplanets HD 108874 b c KELT-6b Star clusters Coma Star Cluster Messier 53 NGC 4147 NGC 5053 Nebulae LoTr 5 Galaxies Messier 64 (Black Eye Galaxy) 85 88 91 98 99 100 NGC 4014 4015 4017 4053 4056 4060 4061 4065 4066 4070 4072 4074 4076 4084 4086 4089 4090 4091 4092 4093 4095 4098 4136 4146 4150 4162 4185 4189 4203 4211 4212 4213 4222 4237 4245 4253 4262 4274 4278 4293 4298 4302 4308 4310 4312 4314 4323 4328 4340 4359 4375 4383 4393 4394 4414 4419 4448 4450 4455 4459 4468 4473 4474 4475 4477 4479 4489 4494 4495 4498 4502 4506 4515 4516 4523 4525 4540 4555 4556 4558 4559 4561 4565 4571 4585 4595 4611 4614 4615 4633 4634 4651 4659 4670 4673 4676 (Mice Galaxies) 4689 4692 4710 4712 4725 4747 4839 4848 4860 4869 4871 4872 4873 4874 4875 4876 4881 4883 4886 4889 4892 4895 4907 4911 4919 4921 4944 5000 5004 5012 5032 5056 5172 Other 3C 275.1 3C 287 Arp 60 Coma Berenices Dragonfly 44 IC 755 (NGC 4019) IC 831 IC 860 IC 3505 IC 3528 IC 4040 IC 4051 IOK-1 IRAS F12032+1707 LEDA 83677 M85-HCC1 Malin 1 PGC 44691 PKS 1155+251 PKS 1222+216 VIRGOHI21 ZwCl 1305.4+2941 BCG Galaxy clusters Abell 1413 Coma I Coma Cluster Coma Supercluster M94 Group NGC 4065 Group NGC 4631 Group Astronomical events GRB 050509B iPTF14atg SN 1940B SN 1979C SN 2005ap SN 2006X SN 2020oi Category

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [IC 4040](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_4040) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_4040?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.