# IBM Personal Computer XT

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Personal computer model released in 1983

IBM Personal Computer XT Also known as IBM XT, PC/XT, XT Manufacturer IBM Type Personal computer Released March 8, 1983; 43 years ago (1983-03-08) Discontinued April 1987 (1987-04) Operating system IBM BASIC / PC DOS 2.0-3.20 / PC/IX / SCO Xenix CPU Intel 8088 @ 4.77 MHz Memory 128 KB – 640 KB Storage 10–20 MB hard drive Graphics MDA, CGA Sound PC speaker 1-channel square-wave/1-bit digital (PWM-capable) Power 120/240 VAC Dimensions W: 19.5 in (50 cm) H: 5.5 in (14 cm) D: 16 in (41 cm) Weight 32 lb (15 kg) Predecessor IBM Personal Computer Successor IBM Personal Computer AT (next model) IBM PS/2 Model 30 (direct replacement) Related List of IBM Personal Computer models

The **IBM Personal Computer XT** (model 5160, often shortened to **PC/XT**) is the second computer in the [IBM Personal Computer](/source/IBM_Personal_Computer) line, released on March 8, 1983.[1] Except for the addition of a built-in [hard drive](/source/Hard_disk_drive) and extra expansion slots, it is very similar to the original IBM PC model 5150 from 1981.

## Name

IBM did not specify an expanded form of "XT" on the machine, press releases, brochures or documentation, but some publications expanded the term as "*eXtended Technology*" or just "*eXTended*".[2]

## Features

The XT was regarded as an incremental improvement over the PC and a disappointment compared to the next-generation successor that some had anticipated. Compared to the original IBM PC, the XT has the following major differences:[3]

- The number of expansion slots was increased from five to eight

- Base RAM was increased to at least 128 KB

- 5x8 KB ROM ICs was replaced by 2x32 KB one

- A 10 MB hard drive was included on most sub-models, with a [disk controller](/source/Disk_controller) featuring [Xebec](/source/Xebec_Corporation) ICs[4]: 111

- [PC DOS 2.0](/source/IBM_PC_DOS#PC_DOS_2.x) was included

- The [5-pin DIN](/source/DIN_connector#Analog_audio) for the cassette interface was removed

Otherwise the specifications are identical to the original PC.

### Expansion slots

The number of expansion slots in the original IBM PC was a limiting factor for the product, since essential components (such as the video controller, disk controller and printer interface) each came as separate expansion cards and could quickly fill up all five available slots, requiring the user to swap cards in and out as tasks demanded.[5] Some PC clones addressed this problem by integrating components into the motherboard to free up slots,[6] while peripheral manufacturers produced products which integrated multiple functions into one card.[7][8]

The XT addressed the problem by adding three extra expansion slots for a total of eight. While the slots themselves are identical to those in the original PC, the amount of physical space in the chassis differs, so two of the new slots (located behind the hard drive) cannot accept full-length cards. In addition, the spacing of the slots is narrower than in the original PC, making it impossible to install some multi-board cards.[3][8]

### Expansion unit

The 5161 is an expansion chassis using an identical case and power supply to the XT, but instead of a system board, provides a backplane with eight card slots. It connects to the main system unit using an Extender Card in the system unit and a Receiver Card in the Expansion Unit, connected by a custom cable.[3] The 5161 shipped with a 10 MB hard drive, and had room for a second one.[8]

The Expansion Unit can also contain extra memory, but the Extender card inserts wait states for memory in the Expansion Unit, so it may be preferable to install memory into the main system unit.

The 5161 can be connected to either an XT or to the earlier 5150 (the original IBM PC).[9]

### Other features

PC DOS 2.0 offers a 9-sector [floppy disk](/source/Floppy_disk) format, providing 180K/360K (single- vs. dual-sided) capacity per disk, compared to the 160K/320K provided by the 8-sector format of previous releases.[3]

The XT was not offered in a floppy-only model for its first two years on the market, although the standard ribbon cable with two floppy connectors was still included. At that time, in order to get a second floppy drive, the user had to purchase the 5161 expansion chassis.[8]

Like the original PC, the XT came with [IBM BASIC](/source/IBM_BASIC) in [ROM](/source/Read-only_memory). The XT BIOS also displays a memory count during the [POST](/source/Power-on_self-test), unlike the original PC.

The XT has a desktop case similar to that of the IBM PC. It weighs 32 pounds (15 kg) and is approximately 19.5 inches (50 cm) wide by 16 inches (41 cm) deep by 5.5 inches (14 cm) high.

Similarly to the original IBM PC, the XT main board included a socket for the [Intel 8087](/source/Intel_8087) [floating point](/source/Floating_point) arithmetic [coprocessor](/source/Coprocessor). This optional chip, when installed, greatly accelerated arithmetic for such applications as [computer aided design](/source/Computer_aided_design) or other software that required large amounts of arithmetical calculations. Only software that was especially written to take advantage of the coprocessor would show a significant speedup.[10]

The [power supply](/source/Power_supply_unit_(computer)) is 130 watts, an upgrade from the original PC. Those sold in the US were configured for 120 V AC only and could not be used with 240 V mains supplies.[10] XTs with 240 V-compatible power supplies were later sold in international markets. Both were rated at 130 watts.[11]

## Revisions and variants

IBM PC/XT 5160 dual floppy drives with 5153 Color Monitor

IBM made several submodels of the XT.

The [3270 PC](/source/IBM_3270_PC), a variant of the XT featuring [3270 terminal](/source/3270_terminal) emulation, was released in October 1983.

Submodel 068 and 078, released in 1985, offered dual-floppy configurations without a hard drive as well, and the new [Enhanced Graphics Adapter](/source/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter) and [Professional Graphics Adapter](/source/Professional_Graphics_Adapter) became available as video card options.[10] Retailers often sold such models with less expensive, non-IBM hard disks. By mid-1986 IBM sold hard disks with only 20% of XTs.[12]

In 1986, the 256–640 KB motherboard models were launched, which switched to half-height drives.

Submodels 268, 278 and 089 came with 101-key [keyboards](/source/IBM_PC_keyboard) (essentially the IBM Model M, but in a modified variant that used the XT's keyboard protocol and lacked LEDs).

Submodels 267, 277 and 088 had the original keyboard, but 3.5" floppy drives became available and 20MB Seagate ST-225 hard disks in 5.25" half-height size replaced the full-height 10 MB drives.

Submodel 788 was the only XT sold with the [Color Graphics Adapter](/source/Color_Graphics_Adapter) as a standard feature.[11]

Submodels 568, 588, and 589 were used as basis for the [XT/370](/source/XT%2F370); they had an additional (co-)processor board that could execute [System/370](/source/System%2F370) instructions.[11] An XT-based machine with a [Series/1](/source/Series%2F1) co-processor board existed as well, but it had its own System Unit number, the [IBM 4950](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IBM_4950&action=edit&redlink=1).[13]

### XT 286

XT 286 badge

In 1986, the **XT 286** (model 5162) was released with a 6 MHz [Intel 80286](/source/Intel_80286) processor. Despite being marketed as a lower-tier model than the [IBM AT](/source/IBM_Personal_Computer%2FAT), this system runs many applications faster than the ATs of the time with 6 MHz 286 processors, since it has zero-[wait state](/source/Wait_state) RAM.[10]: 95

It shipped with 640 KB RAM standard, an AT-style 1.2 MB high-density diskette drive and a 20 MB hard disk.[14][15] Despite these features, reviews rated it as a poor market value.[16]

The XT 286 uses a 157-watt power supply, which can internally switch between 115 or 230 V AC operation.[14]

Both the original XT and the XT/286 was discontinued in late 1987 after the launch of the [IBM Personal System/2](/source/IBM_PS%2F2) (PS/2) line. The 8086-powered [IBM PS/2 Model 30](/source/IBM_PS%2F2_Model_30) served as the direct replacement for the XT in that PS/2 line. Unlike higher-end entries in the PS/2 line, which feature the [Micro Channel](/source/Micro_Channel_architecture) expansion bus, the Model 30 contains 8-bit ISA bus slots, exactly like the XT.

### Comparison table

See also: [List of IBM Personal Computer models](/source/List_of_IBM_Personal_Computer_models)

IBM Personal Computer XT models Type IBM P/N Date announced Date withdrawn Bus No. of slots No. of bays Processor Clock speed (MHz) Stock onboard RAM (KB) Maximum onboard RAM (KB) FDD HDD Notes Ref(s). XT 5160–087 March 1983 June 1984 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 128 KB 640 KB 360 KB 10 MB [17]: 236 [18] [19]: 1068 XT 5160–086 June 1984 June 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB 360 KB 10 MB [17]: 236 [20] [21] [22] XT 5160–068 April 1985 June 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB 360 KB none [17]: 236 [19]: 1068 [23] [21] [22] XT 5160–078 April 1985 June 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB two 360 KB none [17]: 236 [19]: 1068 [23] [21] [22] XT 5160–088 April 1986 June 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 512 KB 640 KB 360 KB 20 MB Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard [17]: 236 [24] [21] [22] XT 5160–089 April 1986 June 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 512 KB 640 KB 360 KB 20 MB Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard [17]: 236 [24] [21] [22] XT 5160–267 April 1986 June 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB 360 KB none Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard [17]: 236 [24] [21] [22] XT 5160–268 April 1986 June 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB 360 KB none Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard [17]: 236 [24] XT 5160–277 April 1986 June 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB two 360 KB none Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard [24] XT 5160–278 April 1986 June 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB two 360 KB none Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard [17]: 236 [24] 3270 PC 5271–000 Unknown July 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB 360 KB none Without printer adapter, fixed disk adapter, and keyboard [25] [26] 3270 PC 5271–002 October 1983 July 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB 360 KB none Without printer adapter and fixed disk adapter [17]: 49 [20] [27]: 10 [26] 3270 PC 5271–004 October 1983 July 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 320 KB 640 KB 360 KB none Without fixed disk adapter; stock onboard RAM increased to 384 KB in June 1984 [17]: 49 [20] [27]: 10 [26] 3270 PC 5271–006 October 1983 July 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 320 KB 640 KB 360 KB 10 MB With fixed disk adapter; stock onboard RAM increased to 384 KB in June 1984 [17]: 49 [20] [27]: 10 [26] XT/370 5160–568 October 1984 April 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB 360 KB none [17]: 236 [27] [28] XT/370 5160–588 October 1984 April 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB 360 KB 10 MB [17]: 236 [27] [28] XT/370 5160–589 October 1984 April 1987 ISA, 8-bit 8 2 Intel 8088 4.77 256 KB 640 KB 360 KB 10 MB [17]: 236 [28] XT Model 286 5162–286 September 1986 October 1987 ISA, 16-bit 8 2 Intel 80286 6 640 KB 640 KB 1.2 MB 20 MB [17]: 48 [29] [22]

## Reception

The XT was well received, although PC DOS 2.0 was regarded as a greater improvement than any of the hardware changes, and by the end of 1983 IBM was selling every unit they made.[30] By 1985 the [IBM PC AT](/source/IBM_PC_AT) made the XT obsolete for most customers.[31]

## Timeline

Timeline of the IBM Personal Computer v t e Asterisk (*) denotes a model released in Japan only

## See also

- [Amiga Sidecar](/source/Amiga_Sidecar)

- [PC-based IBM-compatible mainframes#Personal Computer XT/370](/source/PC-based_IBM-compatible_mainframes#Personal_Computer_XT/370)

## References

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [*Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 10th Edition*](http://ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/imprint_downloads/informit/que/upgrading/fourteenth_edition/DVD/PCs10th.pdf) (PDF). 1998. p. 1115.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-pournelle198501_31-0)** Pournelle, Jerry (January 1985). ["The Fast Lane"](https://archive.org/details/BYTE_Vol_10-01_1985-01_Through_The_Hourglass/page/363/mode/1up?view=theater). *BYTE*. p. 363. Retrieved October 4, 2024.

**Notes**

- IBM (1983). *Personal Computer Hardware Reference Library: Guide to Operations, Personal Computer XT*. IBM Part Number 6936831.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [IBM XT](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:IBM_XT).

- [IBM 5160 information at www.minuszerodegrees.net](http://www.minuszerodegrees.net)

Photo galleries:

- [XT with 256 KB on system board](http://www.supervinx.com/OnlineMuseum/IBM/5160/04/)

- [XT 286](http://www.supervinx.com/OnlineMuseum/IBM/5162/02/)

v t e Personal computers by IBM Influence on the PC market PC business acquisition by Lenovo Desktop and all-in-one Single models 5120 PC list of models PC XT XT/370 3270 PC XT 286 JX PCjr PC AT AT/370 3270 AT Series pre-PS/2 Datamaster 5550 Industrial Computer PS/2 (list of models) 25 25 286 25 SX 30 30 286 35 SX 35 LS 35 SLC 40 SX 40 SLC 50 50 Z 53 486SLC2 53 LS 55 SX 55 LS 56 SX 56 LS 56 SLC 56 SLC LS 56 486SLC2 56 486SLC3 56 486SLC3 LS 57 SX 57 SLC 57 SLC2 57 SLC3 Ultimedia M57 SLC Ultimedia M57 486SLC2 60 65 SX 70 386 70 486 76 77 80 E PS/55 PS/V post-PS/2 PS/1 EduQuest ValuePoint Ambra PC Series Aptiva NetVista ThinkCentre A series M series Portable 5100 5110 Portable PC PS/2 portables P70 P75 Laptop pre-ThinkPad Convertible PS/2 Laptop L40 SX CL57 SX PS/2 Note and PS/note N33SX N45SL N51SX N51SLC Model 425/425C PS/55 Note PCradio ThinkPad 2xx series 220 230 235 240 3xx series 300 310 350 360 365 380 390 5xx series 500 550BJ 555BJ 560 570 6xx series 600 7xx series 700 701 "Butterfly" 750 755 760 765 770 Power Series 800 820 821 822 823 850 851 860 A series A20m A21m A22m A22e A20p A21p A22p A30 A31 A30p A31p G series G40 G41 G50 R series R30 R31 R32 R40 R50 R51 R52 R60 R61 T series T20 T21 T22 T23 T30 T40 T41 T42 T43 T60 T61 X series X20 X21 X22 X23 X24 X30 X31 X32 X40 X41 X60 X60t X61t Others i Series TransNote Handheld Palm Top PC 110 WorkPad Z50 Prototypes Leapfrog Power Series 600 ThinkPad 240 with Transmeta Crusoe WatchPad Video hardware Monochrome Display Adapter Color Graphics Adapter Enhanced Graphics Adapter Professional Graphics Controller Multi-Color Graphics Array Video Graphics Array IBM 8514/A Extended Graphics Array Related 5151 monitor Academic System BASIC Cassette tape Extended Density Format IBM PC compatible Industry Standard Architecture IntelliStation Keyboards Model F Model M Micro Channel Music Feature Card Mwave PS/2 Mouse SurePOS UltraBay ThinkLight

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [IBM Personal Computer XT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.