# Hypseleotris

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{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Hypseleotris cyprinoides by Daiju Azuma.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Hypseleotris cyprinoides](/source/Hypseleotris_cyprinoides)'' male in breeding colours
| taxon = Hypseleotris
| authority = [T. N. Gill](/source/Theodore_Nicholas_Gill), 1863
| type_species = ''Eleotris cyprinoides''
| type_species_authority = [Valenciennes](/source/Achille_Valenciennes), 1837<ref name = CoF>{{Cof record|genid=3235|title=Hypseleotris|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref>
}}

'''''Hypseleotris''''', or '''carp gudgeons''',<ref name = FoA/> are a genus of small fresh and brackish water fishes in the family [Eleotridae](/source/Eleotridae). Fish of this genus are found in rivers and estuaries connected to the tropical [Indo-Pacific](/source/Indo-Pacific) region.<ref>Thacker, C.; and Unmack, P.J. (2005). ''Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Eleotrid Genus Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Eleotridae), With Redescription of H. cyprinoides.'' Records of the Australian Museum, Vol. 57: 1–13.</ref> They are sometimes seen in the [aquarium](/source/aquarium) trade; especially ''H. compressa''.

''Hypseleotris'' species are opportunistic predators, feeding on zooplankton, small crustaceans and other benthic invertebrates. Mostly pelagic, ''Hypseleotris'' often aggregate in small schools but become territorial during breeding,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Shelley |first1=James J. |last2=Delaval |first2=Aurélien |last3=Feuvre |first3=Matthew C. LE |date=2023-06-30 |title=A revision of the gudgeon genus Hypseleotris (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei: Eleotridae) of northwest Australia, describing three new species and synonymizing the genus Kimberleyeleotris |journal=Zootaxa |volume=5311 |issue=3 |pages=340–374 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5311.3.2 |issn=1175-5334 |pmid=37518639}}</ref> which typically occurs in spring.

==Species==

''Hypseleotris'' is made up of 23 species divided into 3 major clades.<ref name="fishbase">{{FishBase genus | genus = Hypseleotris| month = September | year = 2023}}</ref>  The most basal clade contains 6 isolated species of [euryhaline](/source/euryhaline)<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Keith |first1=Philippe |last2=Mennesson |first2=Marion I |date=2023-08-01 |title=Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/198/4/1035/7150892#412743834 |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=198 |issue=4 |pages=1035–1069 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad003 |issn=0024-4082|url-access=subscription }}</ref> gudgeons closely related to ''H. cyprinoides'', with a distribution range extending from [South Africa](/source/South_Africa) to eastern [Melanesia](/source/Melanesia) and as far north as mainland [China](/source/China).<ref name=":2" />

The remaining species originated in Australia and would've diverged from other ''Hypseleotris'' sometime between 5 and 11 million years ago,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Thacker |first1=Christine E. |last2=Shelley |first2=James J. |last3=McCraney |first3=W. Tyler |last4=Adams |first4=Mark |last5=Hammer |first5=Michael P. |last6=Unmack |first6=Peter J. |date=2022-03-02 |title=Phylogeny, diversification, and biogeography of a hemiclonal hybrid system of native Australian freshwater fishes (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei: Eleotridae: Hypseleotris) |journal=BMC Ecology and Evolution |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=22 |doi=10.1186/s12862-022-01981-3 |issn=2730-7182 |pmc=8892812 |pmid=35236294 |doi-access=free}}</ref> these species are organized based on their origins in Northwest and Southeast Australia respectively.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Thacker" /> The Northwestern group is made up of 11 species which are endemic to the [Northern Territory](/source/Northern_Territory) and [Western Australia](/source/Western_Australia)<ref name=":0" /> with the exemption of ''H. compressa'', which can be found across most of Australia and [New Guinea](/source/New_Guinea).<ref name=":0" /> The Southeastern clade is found across South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales, featuring 6 species and several [hybrid](/source/Hybrid_(biology))/hemiclonal lineages<ref name=":1" /> which consist of a single sex, a process known as [hybridogenesis](/source/hybridogenesis). The single sex species require [gametes](/source/gametes) from the sexual species to reproduce and could be regarded as sexual parasites and in "closed populations" this sexual parasitism can cause the extinction of such populations.<ref name="FoA">{{cite web | author = Dianne J. Bray | title = ''Hypseleotris'' | work = Fishes of Australia | access-date = 26 July 2018 | url = http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/genus/704 | publisher = Museums Victoria}}</ref> It is likely that this reproduction involves [androgenesis](/source/androgenesis).<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |title=Androgenesis: where males hijack eggs to clone themselves |volume=371|issue=1706|date=19 Oct 2016|author=Tanja Schwander|author2= Benjamin P. Oldroyd |doi=10.1098/rstb.2015.0534 |pmid=27619698 |pmc=5031619 |name-list-style=and }}</ref>
* '''''Hypseleotris cyprinoides'' complex'''
** ''[Hypseleotris alexis](/source/Hypseleotris_alexis)''<ref name=":2" />
** ''[Hypseleotris cyprinoides](/source/Hypseleotris_cyprinoides)'' <small>([Valenciennes](/source/Achille_Valenciennes), 1837)</small> (tropical carp-gudgeon) 60x60px
** ''[Hypseleotris ebneri](/source/Hypseleotris_ebneri)'' <small>(Keith & Mennesson, 2023 )</small>
** ''[Hypseleotris everetti](/source/Hypseleotris_everetti)'' <small>([Boulenger](/source/George_Albert_Boulenger), 1895)</small>
** ''[Hypseleotris guentheri](/source/Hypseleotris_guentheri)'' <small>([Bleeker](/source/Pieter_Bleeker), 1875)</small>80px
** ''[Hypseleotris moncktoni](/source/Hypseleotris_moncktoni)''<ref name=":2" />

'''Australian clades'''

* '''Northwestern complex'''
** ''[Hypseleotris aurea](/source/Hypseleotris_aurea)'' <small>([Shipway](/source/Bruce_Shipway), 1950)</small> (golden gudgeon)
** ''[Hypseleotris barrawayi](/source/Hypseleotris_barrawayi)'' <small>[Larson](/source/Helen_Kay_Larson), 2007</small><ref>{{cite journal|title=A new species of carp gudgeon, ''Hypseleotris'' (Pisces: Gobioidei: Eleotridae), from the Katherine River system, Northern Territory |last=Larson, H. K. |journal= The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory |volume= 23 |pages=111–118 |year=2007|doi=10.5962/p.287430 |s2cid=130293756 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
** ''[Hypseleotris compressa](/source/Hypseleotris_compressa)'' <small>([J. L. G. Krefft](/source/Gerard_Krefft), 1864)</small> (empire gudgeon) 
** ''[Hypseleotris ejuncida](/source/Hypseleotris_ejuncida)'' <small>[Hoese](/source/Douglass_Fielding_Hoese) & [G. R. Allen](/source/Gerald_R._Allen), 1982</small> (Slender gudgeon)
** ''[Hypseleotris garawudjirri](/source/Hypseleotris_garawudjirri)'' <small>(Shelly, Delaval & Le Fuevre 2023)</small>
** ''[Hypseleotris hutchinsi](/source/Hypseleotris_hutchinsi)'' <small>[Hoese](/source/Douglass_Fielding_Hoese) & [G. R. Allen](/source/Gerald_R._Allen), 1987</small> (Mitchell gudgeon)
** ''[Hypseleotris kimberleyensis](/source/Hypseleotris_kimberleyensis)'' <small>Hoese & G. R. Allen, 1982</small> (Barnett River gudgeon)
** ''[Hypseleotris maranda](/source/Hypseleotris_maranda)'' <small>(Shelly, Delaval & Le Fuevre 2023)</small>
** ''[Hypseleotris notata](/source/Hypseleotris_notata)'' <small>Hoese & G. R. Allen, 1987</small> (Drysdale gudgeon)
** ''[Hypseleotris regalis](/source/Hypseleotris_regalis)'' <small>Hoese & G. R. Allen, 1982</small> (Prince Regent gudgeon)
** ''[Hypseleotris wunduwala](/source/Hypseleotris_wunduwala)'' <small>(Shelly, Delaval & Le Fuevre 2023)</small>
* '''Southeastern Complex'''
** ''[Hypseleotris acropinna](/source/Hypseleotris_acropinna)'' <small>Thacker, Geiger & Unmack, 2022</small> (cryptic gudgeon)<ref name="Thacker">{{cite journal|title=Species delineation and systematics of a hemiclonal hybrid complex in Australian freshwaters (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei: Eleotridae: ''Hypseleotris'')|author=Christine E. Thacker|author2= Daniel L. Geiger |author3=Peter J. Unmack |name-list-style=and|date=27 July 2022|doi=10.1098/rsos.220201|doi-access=free|journal=Royal Society Open Science|volume=9|issue=7|pmid=35911191 |pmc=9326278 |bibcode=2022RSOS....920201T }}</ref>
** ''[Hypseleotris bucephala](/source/Hypseleotris_bucephala)'' <small>Thacker, Geiger & Unmack, 2022</small> (boofhead carp gudgeon)<ref name="Thacker" /> 80px
** ''[Hypseleotris galii](/source/Hypseleotris_galii)'' <small>([J. D. Ogilby](/source/James_Douglas_Ogilby), 1898)</small> (firetail gudgeon)
** ''[Hypseleotris gymnocephala](/source/Hypseleotris_gymnocephala)'' <small>Thacker, Geiger & Unmack, 2022</small> (bald carp gudgeon)<ref name="Thacker" />
** ''[Hypseleotris klunzingeri](/source/Hypseleotris_klunzingeri)'' <small>(J. D. Ogilby, 1898)</small> (western carp gudgeon)80px
** ''[Hypseleotris moolooboolaensis](/source/Hypseleotris_moolooboolaensis)'' <small>Thacker, Geiger & Unmack, 2022</small> (Mary carp gudgeon)<ref name="Thacker" />

The following cladogram represents the interspecies relationships of the genus but does not include the Australian hybrid populations.
{{clade
|label1=[Eleotridae](/source/Eleotridae)
|1={{clade
       |label1=
       |1={{clade 
          |1=[Philypnodon](/source/Philypnodon)
          |newick2=((Hypseleotris moncktoni,([Hypseleotris cyprinoides](/source/Hypseleotris_cyprinoides),Hypseleotris everetti),(Hypseleotris ebneri,(Hypseleotris alexis,Hypseleotris guentheri)))African/Asian branch,((([Hypseleotris compressa](/source/Hypseleotris_compressa),([Hypseleotris aurea](/source/Hypseleotris_aurea),(Hypseleotris barrawayi,([Kimberleyeleotris notata](/source/Kimberleyeleotris_notata),[Kimberleyeleotris hutchinsi](/source/Kimberleyeleotris_hutchinsi)),(Hypseleotris wunduwala,[Hypseleotris kimberleyensis](/source/Hypseleotris_kimberleyensis)),Hypseleotris garawudjirri,Hypseleotris maranda,([Hypseleotris ejuncida](/source/Hypseleotris_ejuncida),[Hypseleotris regalis](/source/Hypseleotris_regalis)))))Northwest clade,([Hypseleotris klunzingeri](/source/Hypseleotris_klunzingeri),((Hypseleotris acropinna,[Hypseleotris galii](/source/Hypseleotris_galii),Hypseleotris moolooboolaensis),(Hypseleotris bucephala,Hypseleotris gymnocephala)))Southeast clade,))Australian branch)'''Hypseleotris'''
          |2=Leaf B
          }}
       }}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q149330}}

Category:Hypseleotris
Category:Eleotridae
Category:Actinopterygii genera
Category:Taxa named by Theodore Gill
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hypseleotris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypseleotris) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypseleotris?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.