# Hypochrysops

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***Hypochrysops*** is a genus of [butterflies](/source/Butterflies) in the family [Lycaenidae](/source/Lycaenidae) [first described](/source/Species_description) by [Cajetan Felder](/source/Baron_Cajetan_von_Felder) and [Rudolf Felder](/source/Rudolf_Felder) in 1860 and revised in 1986 by [D. P. A. Sands](/source/Donald_Peter_Andrew_Sands).[1]

The species of *Hypochrysops* certainly belong to the most beautiful Indo-Australian representatives of the family. The upper surface is more or less brilliant blue or reddish-violet, in the mostly somewhat duller tinged females sometimes white-spotted, in a number of species of a bright orange-yellow, usually with a black or black-brown margin which may vary greatly in width. The under surface always shows, on a yellow or dark grey-brown or even black ground, brilliant silvery-green or silvery-blue markings generally occurring in the hindwing as the bordering of brightly coloured, mostly red transverse bands and spots and being often still more salient by black margins.The species are mostly medium-sized, though there occur also smaller ones with an expanse of but 25 mm. Eyes naked, large; antennae of something more than half the length of the forewing, white-curled, the club long-stretched, gradually thickened, with a light-coloured tip. Palpi slender, straightly protruding, and projecting considerably beyond the forehead, laterally compressed, with appressed scales, the terminal joint short, in the shape of a thin staff. Wings broad; forewings triangular, costal margin moderately bent, distal margin straight or slightly bent, the apex sharply or slightly rounded, inner margin rectilinear; 11 veins (vein 9 being absent), 7 and 8 long-stalked, the fork placed rather close to the end. Hindwing somewhat longitudinally stretched, the costal margin bent flatly, the apex and distal margin strongly curved, the border uninterrupted or somewhat projecting at the veins 1 b to 3, sometimes at vein 3, rarely at vein 2 with a very much pronounced lobe, but never with real tail-appendages. [2]

## Species

- *[Hypochrysops alyattes](/source/Hypochrysops_alyattes)* [H. H. Druce](/source/Hamilton_Herbert_Druce), 1891 Solomon Islands
- *[Hypochrysops anacletus](/source/Hypochrysops_anacletus)* [C. Felder](/source/Baron_Cajetan_von_Felder), 1860 Indonesia
- *[Hypochrysops antiphon](/source/Hypochrysops_antiphon)* Grose-Smith, 1897 Papua
- *[Hypochrysops apelles](/source/Hypochrysops_apelles)* [Fabricius](/source/Johan_Christian_Fabricius), 1775 Queensland

- - *[H. a. singkepe](/source/Hypochrysops_apelles_singkepe)* D'Abrera, 1977 Lingga Archipelago

- *[Hypochrysops apollo](/source/Hypochrysops_apollo)* Miskin, 1891 Queensland

- - *[H. a. phoebus](/source/Hypochrysops_apollo_phoebus)* Waterhouse, 1928 Cape York - *[H. a. wendisi](/source/Hypochrysops_apollo_wendisi)* Bethune-Baker, 1909 New Guinea

- *[Hypochrysops architas](/source/Hypochrysops_architas)* H. H. Druce, 1891

- - *[H. a. cratevas](/source/Hypochrysops_architas_cratevas)* H. H. Druce, 1891 - *[H. a. marie](/source/Hypochrysops_architas_marie)* Tennent, 2001 - *[H. a. suethes](/source/Hypochrysops_architas_seuthes)* H. H. Druce, 1891

- *[Hypochrysops aristocles](/source/Hypochrysops_aristocles)* Grose-Smith, 1898 Duke of York Island
- *[Hypochrysops argyriorufa](/source/Hypochrysops_argyriorufa)* van Eecke, 1924 Aru Islands Indonesia
- *[Hypochrysops arronica](/source/Hypochrysops_arronica)* Felder, 1859 Aru Islands Indonesia
- *[Hypochrysops aurantiaca](/source/Hypochrysops_aurantiaca)* Yagishita, 2004 New Guinea
- *[Hypochrysops bakeri](/source/Hypochrysops_bakeri)* Joicey & Talbot, 1916 New Guinea
- *[Hypochrysops boisduvali](/source/Hypochrysops_boisduvali)* Oberthür, 1894 Aru Islands Indonesia
- *[Hypochrysops byzos](/source/Hypochrysops_byzos)* Boisduval, 1832

- - *[H. b. hecalius](/source/Hypochrysops_byzos_hecalius)* Miskin, 1884 Victoria, Australia

- *[Hypochrysops calliphon](/source/Hypochrysops_calliphon)* Grose-Smith, 1894 New Guinea, Humboldt Bay.
- *[Hypochrysops castaneus](/source/Hypochrysops_castaneus)* Sands, 1986 New Guinea, Maprik
- *[Hypochrysops chrysanthis](/source/Hypochrysops_chrysanthis)* Felder, 1860  Indonesia, Maluku, Ambon.
- *[Hypochrysops chrysargyra](/source/Hypochrysops_chrysargyra)* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1895
- *[Hypochrysops chrysodesmus](/source/Hypochrysops_chrysodesmus)* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1899 Indonesia, Waigeo
- *[Hypochrysops chrysotoxus](/source/Hypochrysops_chrysotoxus)* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890 Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay
- *[Hypochrysops cleon](/source/Hypochrysops_cleon)* Grose-Smith, 1900Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay
- *[Hypochrysops coelisparsus](/source/Hypochrysops_coelisparsus)* Butler, 1883 Nias Islands

- - *[H. c. kerri](/source/Hypochrysops_coelisparsus_kerri)* Riley, 1932 Thailand

- *[Hypochrysops coruscans](/source/Hypochrysops_coruscans)* Grose-Smith, 1897 Dutch New Guinea

- - *[H. c. subcaeruleum](/source/Hypochrysops_coruscans_subcaeruleum)* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1896 Indonesia, Waigeo. - *[H. c. ceramicum](/source/Hypochrysops_coruscans_ceramicum)* H. H. Druce, 1903 Indonesia, Maluku, Seram - *[H. c. dinawa](/source/Hypochrysops_coruscans_dinawa)* -Bethune-Baker, 1908 Papua New Guinea, Dinawa

- *[Hypochrysops cyane](/source/Hypochrysops_cyane)* Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914 Queensland
- *[Hypochrysops delicia](/source/Hypochrysops_delicia)* [Hewitson](/source/William_Chapman_Hewitson), 1875

- - *[H. d. delos](/source/Hypochrysops_delicia_delos)* Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914 - *[H. d. duaringae](/source/Hypochrysops_delicia_duaringae)* Waterhouse, 1903 - *[H. d. regina](/source/Hypochrysops_delicia_regina)* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1895

- *[Hypochrysops dicomus](/source/Hypochrysops_dicomus)* Hewitson, 1874 Indonesia, Waigeo
- *[Hypochrysops digglesii](/source/Hypochrysops_digglesii)* Hewitson, 1874 Queensland
- *[Hypochrysops dinawa](/source/Hypochrysops_dinawa)* Bethune-Baker, 1908
- *[Hypochrysops dohertyi](/source/Hypochrysops_dohertyi)* Oberthür, 1894 New Guinea
- *[Hypochrysops doleschallii](/source/Hypochrysops_doleschallii)* Felder, 1860 Indonesia, Moluccas, Ambon.
- *[Hypochrysops elgneri](/source/Hypochrysops_elgneri)* Waterhouse & Lyell, 1909 Prince of Wales Island

- - *[H. e. barnardi](/source/Hypochrysops_elgneri_barnardi)* Waterhouse, 1934

- *[Hypochrysops emiliae](/source/Hypochrysops_emiliae)* D'Abrera, 1971 Papua
- *[Hypochrysops epicurus](/source/Hypochrysops_epicurus)* Miskin, 1876
- *[Hypochrysops eucletus](/source/Hypochrysops_eucletus)* Felder, 1865 Indonesia, Moluccas, Halmahera

- - *[H. e. dyope](/source/Hypochrysops_eucletus_dryope)* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1895 Papua - *[H. e. eratosthenes](/source/Hypochrysops_eucletus_eratosthenes)* Fruhstorfer, 1908 Papua, Sorong° - *[H. e. menandrus](/source/Hypochrysops_eucletus_menandrus)* Fruhstorfer, 1908 Papua, Waigeo. - *[H. e. vulcanicus](/source/Hypochrysops_eucletus_vulcanicus)* D'Abrera, 1971 Papua

- *[Hypochrysops eunice](/source/Hypochrysops_eunice)* Fruhstorfer, 1915 Indonesia, Moluccas, Halmahera
- *[Hypochyrsops felderi](/source/Hypochyrsops_felderi)* Oberthür, 1894 Dutch New Guinea
- *[Hypochrysops ferruguineus](/source/Hypochrysops_ferruguineus)* Sands, 1986 New Britain
- *[Hypochrysops geminatus](/source/Hypochrysops_geminatus)* Sands, 1986 Papua New Guinea, Morobe District
- *[Hypochrysops halyaetus](/source/Hypochrysops_halyaetus)* Hewitson, 1874
- *[Hypochrysops herdonius](/source/Hypochrysops_herdonius)* Hewitson, 1874 Indonesia, Moluccas , Aru
- *[Hypochrysops heros](/source/Hypochrysops_heros)* Grose-Smith, 1894 Papua, Humboldt Bay

- - *[H. h. imogena](/source/Hypochrysops_heros_imogena)* D'Abrera, 1971 New Guinea, Karkar Island - *[H. h. polemon](/source/Hypochrysops_heros_polemon)* Fruhstorfer, 1915 New Guinea

- *[Hypochrysops hippuris](/source/Hypochrysops_hippuris)* Hewitson, 1874 Indonesia, Molucca , Aru
- *[Hypochrysops honora](/source/Hypochrysops_honora)* Grose-Smith, 1898 New Guinea, New Hannover
- *[Hypochrysops hypates](/source/Hypochrysops_hypates)* Hewitson, 1874 Kaioa Island, Moluccas, Indonesia

- - *[H. h. zeuxis](/source/Hypochrysops_hypates_zeuxis)* Staudinger, 1888 Halmaheira

- *[Hypochrysops ignita](/source/Hypochrysops_ignita)* Leach, 1814 "New Holland"

- - *[H. i. chrysonotus](/source/Hypochrysops_ignita_chrysonotus)* Grose-Smith, 1899 New Guinea, Milne Bay - *[H. i. erythrina](/source/Hypochrysops_ignita_erythrina)* Waterhouse & Lyell, 1909 Darwin, Australia - *[H. i. olliffi](/source/Hypochrysops_ignita_olliffi)* Miskin, 1889 Freemantle, Australia

- *[Hypochrysops lucilla](/source/Hypochrysops_lucilla)* D'Abrera, 1971 New Guinea, Tapini
- *[Hypochrysops luteus](/source/Hypochrysops_luteus)* Sands, 1986 New Guinea, Telefomin
- *[Hypochrysops makrikii](/source/Hypochrysops_makrikii)* Ribbe, 1900 Indonesia, Moluccas, Seram.
- *[Hypochrysops meeki](/source/Hypochrysops_meeki)* Rothschild & Jordan, 1905 New Guinea
- *[Hypochrysops mioswara](/source/Hypochrysops_mioswara)* Bethune-Baker, 1913 New Guinea, Mioswar Island
- *[Hypochrysops mirabillis](/source/Hypochrysops_mirabillis)* Pagenstecher, 1894 Duke of York Island
- *[Hypochrysops miraculum](/source/Hypochrysops_miraculum)* H. H. Druce & Bethune-Baker, 1893 1893 Papua, Waigeo Island
- *[Hypochrysops miskini](/source/Hypochrysops_miskini)* Waterhouse, 1903 Queensland
- *[Hypochrysops narcissus](/source/Hypochrysops_narcissus)* [Fabricius](/source/Johan_Christian_Fabricius), 1775
- *[Hypochrysops pagenstecheri](/source/Hypochrysops_pagenstecheri)* Ribbe, 1899
- *[Hypochrysops piceatus](/source/Hypochrysops_piceatus)* Kerr, Macqueen & Sands, 1969
- *[Hypochrysops plotinus](/source/Hypochrysops_plotinus)* Grose-Smith, 1894 Papua, Humboldt Bay
- *[Hypochrysops polycletus](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus)* Linnaeus, 1758Indonesia, Moluccas, Ambon

- - *[H. p. atromarginata](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_atromarginata)* H. H. Druce, 1891 “Timor’’ - *[H. p. brunnea](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_brunnea)* H. H. Druce, 1903 New Guinea, Fergusson Island - *[H. p. epicletus](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_epicletus)* Felder, 1859Indonesia, Moluccas, Aru - *[H. p. hylaithus](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_hylaithus)* Fruhstorfer, 1908 "Offack, Dorei". Waigeo Island - *[H. p. hypochrysops](/source/Hypochyrsops_polycletus_hypochrysops)* Oberthür, 1880 - *[H. p. kaystrus](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_kaystrus)* Fruhstorfer, 1908 New Guinea - *[H. p. linos](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_linos)* Fruhstorfer, 1908 - *[H. p. menyllus](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_menyllus)* Fruhstorfer, 1908 - *[H. p. oineus](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_oineus)* Fruhstorfer, 1908 - *[H. p. rex](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_rex)* Boisduval, 1832 New Guinea - *[H. p. rovena](/source/Hypochrysops_polycletus_rovena)* H. H. Druce, 1891 Queensland

- *[Hypochrysops pratti](/source/Hypochrysops_pratti)* Bethune-Baker, 1913 Papua
- *[Hypochrysops protogenes](/source/Hypochrysops_protogenes)* Felder, 1865 "Wagiou’’

- - *[H. p. cleonides](/source/Hypochrysops_protogenes_cleonides)* Grose-Smith, 1900 - *[H. p. hermogenes](/source/Hypochrysops_protogenes_hermogenes)* Grose-Smith, 1894 - *[H. p. pretiosus](/source/Hypochrysops_protogenes_pretiosus)* Grose-Smith, 1894 Indonesia, Biak Island - *[H. p. thesaurus](/source/Hypochrysops_protogenes_thesaurus)* Grose-Smith, 1894

- *[Hypochrysops pyrodes](/source/Hypochrysops_pyrodes)* Cassidy, 2003 Sulawesi
- *[Hypochrysops pythias](/source/Hypochrysops_pythias)* Felder, 1865 Indonesia, Waigeo

- - *[H. p. aurifer](/source/Hypochrysops_pythias_aurifer)* Grose-Smith, 1898 Fergusson Island - *[H. p. drucei](/source/Hypochyrsops_pythias_drucei)* Oberthür, 1894 New Guinea, Geelvink Bay - *[H. p. euclides](/source/Hypochrysops_pythias_euclides)* Miskin, 1889 North Australia

- *[Hypochrysops resplendens](/source/Hypochrysops_resplendens)* Bethune-Baker, 1908
- *[Hypochrysops ribbei](/source/Hypochrysops_ribbei)* Röber, 1886 Papua, Sekar
- *[Hypochrysops rufimargo](/source/Hypochrysops_rufimargo)* Rothschild, 1915 New Guinea, Vulcan Island
- *[Hypochrysops rufinus](/source/Hypochrysops_rufinus)* Grose-Smith, 1898 Papua, Roon Island
- *[Hypochrysops scintillans](/source/Hypochrysops_scintillans)* Butler, 1882 New Britain

- - *[H. s. carveri](/source/Hypochrysops_scintillans_carveri)* D'Abrera, 1971 - *[H. s. carolina](/source/Hypochrysops_scintillans_carolina)* D'Abrera, 1971 - *[H. s. constancea](/source/Hypochrysops_scintillans_constancea)* D'Abrera, 1971 - *[H. s. squalliensis](/source/Hypochrysops_scintillans_squalliensis)* D'Abrera, 1971

- *[Hypochrysops simplex](/source/Hypochrysops_simplex)* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1896 Papua, Waigeu Island
- *[Hypochrysops siren](/source/Hypochrysops_siren)* Grose-Smith, 1894 Indonesia, Moluccas ,Halmahera
- *[Hypochrsops taeniata](/source/Hypochrsops_taeniata)* Jordan, 1908 Solomon Islands
- *[Hypochrysops thauma](/source/Hypochrysops_thauma)* Staudinger, 1895 Papua, Waigeu Island
- *[Hypochrysops theon](/source/Hypochrysops_theon)* Felder, 1865 Indonesia, Moluccas, Halmahera

- - *[H. t. alix](/source/Hypochrysops_theon_alix)* Grose-Smith, 1900  Papua, Milne Bay. - *[H. t. carmen](/source/Hypochrysops_theon_carmen)* Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1899 Papua, Roon Island - *[H. t. medocus](/source/Hypochrysops_theon_medocus)* Fruhstorfer, 1908 Queensland - *[H. t. theonides](/source/Hypochrysops_theon_theonides)* Grose-Smith, 1894 Papua, Roon Island - *[H. t. theophanes](/source/Hypochrysops_theon_theophanes)* Grose-Smith, 1894 Papua, Humboldt Bay

- *[Hypochrysops thesaurus](/source/Hypochrysops_thesaurus)* Grose-Smith, 1894 Papua, Humboldt Bay
- *[Hypochrysops utyi](/source/Hypochrysops_utyi)* Bethune-Baker, 1913 New Guinea

## Biogeography

*Hypochrysops* are found on each side of the [Wallace line](/source/Wallace_line).

## Food sources

The [mistletoe](/source/Mistletoe) plant[citation needed] is ambiguously claimed to be a food source for at least some species of *Hypochrysops*.[citation needed]

This might be so, but raises some questions because most Lycaenidae have [parasitic](/source/Parasitic) or [mutualistic](/source/Mutualism_(biology)), often highly specific, relationships with various species of ants, and ants have been reported to carry the eggs of the Apollo jewel butterfly (*Hypochrysops apollo apollo*) into their colonies inside [ant plants](/source/Myrmecophyte) of the genus *[Myrmecodia](/source/Myrmecodia)*. *Myrmecodia* species have certain superficial resemblances to "mistletoes", but are [epiphytic](/source/Epiphytic), not markedly parasitic, and are not in any parasitic plant family; they are in fact in the coffee family, [Rubiaceae](/source/Rubiaceae). It seems likely that *Hypochrysops apollo apollo* at least, might feed exclusively on ant food and ant [larvae](/source/Larva).

## References

1. Sands, D. P. A. (1986-12-01). [*A Revision of the Genus Hypochrysops C. & R. Felder (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)*](https://brill.com/display/title/579). Vol. 7. Entomonograph. Brill. pp. 1–116. [doi:10.1163/9789004631298](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004631298). ISBN 978-90-04-08089-8. e-book: ISBN 978-90-04-63129-8

1. [Seitz, A.](/source/Adalbert_Seitz), 1912-1927. *Die Indo-Australien Tagfalter. Theclinae, Poritiinae, Hesperiidae. Grossschmetterlinge Erde* 9: 799-1107, pls. 138-175.

- Savela, Markku (December 8, 2018). ["*Hypochrysops* C. & R. Felder, 1860"](https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/lycaenidae/theclinae/hypochrysops/). *Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms*. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hypochrysops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochrysops) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochrysops?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.