# Hypericum patulum

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the St John's wort family}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Indian medicinal plants (Plate 101) (7824381440).jpg
| image_caption = Botanical illustration of ''H.{{nbsp}}patulum'' (B) alongside [''H.{{nbsp}}perforatum''](/source/Hypericum_perforatum) (A) in Indian Medicinal Plants
| parent = Hypericum sect. Ascyreia
| genus = Hypericum
| species = patulum
| authority = [Thunb.](/source/Carl_Peter_Thunberg) 1784
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="TPL"/><ref name="POWO"/>
| synonyms = * ''Eremanthe patula'' <small>(Thunb.) K.Koch</small>
* ''Hypericum argyi'' <small>H.Lév. & Vaniot</small>
* ''H. oblongigolium'' <small>Wall.</small>
* ''H. pseudopatulum'' <small>Auct. </small>
* ''Komana patula'' (Thunb.) <small>Y.Kimura</small>
* ''Norysca patula'' (Thunb.) <small>Voigt</small>
}}

'''''Hypericum patulum''''', known as '''goldencup St. John's wort''' or '''yellow mosqueta''', is a species of flowering plant in ''[Hypericum](/source/Hypericum)'' [sect. ''Ascyreia''](/source/Hypericum_sect._Ascyreia).

== Taxonomy ==
''Hypericum patulum'' was originally described by [Carl Peter Thunberg](/source/Carl_Peter_Thunberg) in 1784. It was first published in [Systema Vegetabilium](/source/Systema_Vegetabilium) later that year by [Johan Andreas Murray](/source/Johan_Andreas_Murray).<ref name="IPNI"/>

The species has a [sporophytic](/source/Sporophyte) and [gametopythic](/source/Gametophyte) chromosome count of 18 each.<ref name="Wlliams 1984"/><ref name="Sanger 1965"/>

=== Subordinate taxa ===
''Hypericum patulum'' has 5 accepted variants as subordinate taxa:<ref name="Tropicos"/>
* ''H. patulum'' var. ''attenuatum'' <small>Choisy 1824</small>
* ''H. patulum'' var. ''forrestii'' <small>Chitt. 1923</small>
* ''H. patulum'' var. ''henryi '' <small>Bean 1905</small>
* ''H. patulum'' var. ''hookerianum '' <small>(Wight & Arn.) Kuntze 1891</small>
* ''H. patulum ''var. ''uralum'' <small>(Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Koehne 1893</small>

=== Cultivars ===
''Hypericum patulum'' is cultivated as a garden plant under the name ''Hypericum'' 'Hidcote' or ''Hypericum'' x ''hidcoteense'' 'Hidcote'. It is grown for its large, bright flowers and its attractiveness to pollinators such as bees and small birds.<ref name="RHS"/>

== Distribution and habitat ==
The species is native only to the [Guizhou](/source/Guizhou) and [Sichuan](/source/Sichuan) provinces of [China](/source/China), but it has been naturalized in [Japan](/source/Japan), [Taiwan](/source/Taiwan), and [India](/source/India), as well as in [Australia](/source/Australia) and [South Africa](/source/South_Africa). The species is also widely cultivated for garden use in temperate regions.<ref name="GRIN"/><ref name="POWO"/>

The species is found at elevations of {{Convert|1200-3600|m|ft|sp=us}}<ref name="EOL"/> in dry and open habitats, especially in thickets, on scrubby slopes, and on cliffs.<ref name="MySpecies"/>

== Description ==
Plants of the species are shrubs that grow from {{Convert|0.3-1.5|m|ft|1|sp=us}} tall. They grow in a bushy fashion, with spreading branches that are sometimes weakly frondose. The stems are 4-lined or 4-angled when the plant is young but later become 2-lined, and sometimes become terete. The leaves are thick and paper-like and are rather glaucous, with short laminar glands, streaks, and dots. Its inflorescence is 1–15-flowered that blossom from 1 or 2 nodes. The flowers are flat-topped, and sometimes have a short terminal internode and branches that come from the middle of the stem. The petals are a golden yellow color, without any tinge of red. The stamen fascicles, each with 50–70 stamens, grow to be up to 7–12&nbsp;mm, and are about half as long as the petals. The seeds are dark brown and grow from 1–1.2 millimeters long.<ref name="eFloras"/>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
(MHNT) Hypericum patulum - Habitus.jpg|Habit
(MHNT) Hypericum patulum - flower.jpg|Flower
Hypericum 'Hidcote' J1.jpg|Hypericum 'Hidcote' cultivar
Hypericum patulum Dziurawiec rozpierzchły 2017-10-15 02.jpg|In fruit
Hypericum patulum 1.JPG|Whole in fruit
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="TPL">
{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2858661|title=''Hypericum patulum'' Thunb.|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2018-11-15}}
</ref>

<ref name="IPNI">
{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=927423-1|title=IPNI Plant Name Details|website=www.ipni.org|access-date=2018-11-15}}
</ref>

<ref name="Wlliams 1984">
{{Cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=Margot|last2=Dudley|first2=T. R.|date=1984|title=Chromosome Count for ''Hippeastrum iguazuanum''|journal=Taxon|volume=33|issue=2|pages=271|doi=10.2307/1221167|issn=0040-0262|jstor=1221167|bibcode=1984Taxon..33..271W }}
</ref>

<ref name="Sanger 1965">
{{Cite journal|last=Sanger|first=Ruth|title=Genes on the X Chromosome|date=1965|journal=Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology|volume=7|issue=2|pages=179–188|doi=10.1139/g65-027|pmid=14324862|issn=0008-4093}}
</ref>

<ref name="Tropicos">
{{Cite web|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/7800880|title=''Hypericum patulum'' Thunb.|website=www.tropicos.org|access-date=2018-11-15}}
</ref>

<ref name="GRIN">
{{Cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=19598|title=Taxonomy - GRIN-Global Web v 1.10.3.6|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|access-date=2018-11-15}}
</ref>

<ref name="POWO">
{{Cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:927423-1|title=''Hypericum patulum'' Thunb.|website=Plants of the World Online|access-date=2018-11-16}}
</ref>

<ref name="EOL">
{{Cite web|url=http://eol.org/pages/2889790/details|title=''Hypericum patulum'' {{!}} Goldencup St. John's Wort|website=Encyclopedia of Life|access-date=2018-11-16}}
</ref>

<ref name="eFloras">
{{Cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014235|title=''Hypericum patulum'' in Flora of China @ efloras.org|website=www.efloras.org|access-date=2018-11-16}}
</ref>

<ref name="MySpecies">
{{Cite web|url=http://hypericum.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/596|title=''Hypericum patulum'' Thunb. Nomenclature|website=hypericum.myspecies.info|language=en|access-date=2018-11-16}}
</ref>

<ref name="RHS">
{{Cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/332180/Hypericum-x-hidcoteense-Hidcote/Details|title=''Hypericum'' x ''hicoteense''|website=Royal Horticultural Society|access-date=2018-11-16}}
</ref>

}}

{{Hypericum species Navbox}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q161436}}

patulum
Category:Flora of Asia
Category:Plants described in 1784

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Hypericum patulum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypericum_patulum) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypericum_patulum?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.